US1915104A - Cylinder head cooling system - Google Patents

Description

E. FQRUEHL CYLINliER' HEAD COOLING SYSTEM June 20, 1933,

Filed Nov. 20, 1930 s Sheets-Sheet 1 June 20, 1933. E. F. RUEHL CYLINDER HEAD COOLING SYSTEM 5 Sheets- Sheet 6 Fil ed Nov. 20, 1950 Patented June 20, 1933 UNITED STATES PATENT oFFicE EB'W'IN F. BUEHL, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGN- HENTS, TO BALDWIN-SOUTHWABK CORPORATION, A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE CYLINDER HEAD ooo me sYs'rmr Application filed November 20, 1930. Serial No. 496,887.

This invention relates generally to improved means for cooling an internal combustion engine such as a Diesel engine and more particularly for cooling the engine cylinder head so that the cooling liquid will pass tively high velocity.

Itis an object of my invention to accomplish the above and other results, by an improved arrangement and construction of parts which will be conductive not only to simplicity and relatively inexpensive cost of manufacture but also to permitting easy and ample access to the various cooling liquid passages involved. Certain of these features are accomplished in one specific aspect of the invention by convertin certain structural features, which are use for manufacturing operations, into an element of the improved combination. In another aspect of the invention an improved connecting assage arrangement is provided for permitting flow of cooling liquid such as water or any other suitablerniedium from the cylinder jacket to the cylinder head jacket. Specifically this improved connecting means is mounted on the outside of the head and is used to cover core openings in the cylinder head' formed during castin thereof.

More speci cally another ob ect is to provide an improved nozzle or nozzles adapted to direct a jet of cooling medium against a portion of the cylinder head where heat tends to be localized. In the typeof engine having a pre-combustion chamber the nozzles direct jets of water against the throat of the chamber while with relatively flat cylinder heads the jets would be directed against the central ortion of the c linder head. In the preerred form of t e invention the discharge end of the nozzle is relatively wide but the various elements are so arranged that the noz- I zle may be placed in a position by being passed through the relatively large openings for the reasons heretofore given. The nozzle rela element projects inwardly from a member which serves as a cover for the core holes or other openings and which cover also contains the fluid passage for connecting the cylinder acket with the cylinder head jacket.

Other objects and advantages will be seen from the following description of the accom- I panying drawings ine which,

Fig. 1 is a fragmentary vertical section through the cylinder head and the upper part of a jacketed cylinder, this section being taken substantially on the line 1'-1of Fig. 2.

Fig. 2 is a horizontal section taken on the line 22 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a vertical section on the lines 33 of Figs. 1 and 4. i

Fig. 4 is a horizontal section taken substantiall on the line Le-40f Fig. 3 and showingthe uel injection nozzle in elevation.

Fig. 5 is an enlarged fragmentary section of the upper left hand portion of the cylinder head shown in Fig. 1 and which specifically isa section taken on line 5-5 of Fig. 4.

Fig. 6 1s a fragmentar vertical section through a cylinder and cy inder head showing modified formof the arrangement.

1g. 7 is also a vertical section through a cylinder and cylinder head showing a. further modification.

8 is a plan view of Fig. 7.

Fig. 9 is a View of one of the nozzles shown in Fig. 6 looking toward the discharge end thereof. 1

- While I have shown my im roved coolin system as applied articularly to a Diese engine of the solid uel injection t pe it will of course be understood that it maybe applied to any of various types of engines whetherof the Diesel or gasoline type although it is articularly adapted for cooperation wit a Diesel engine of the type herein shown. The engine shown is of the type having a cast or otherwise suitably formed cylinder 10 provided with a cylinder liner 11 which is secured to the cashng in any manner desired, and spaced therefrom to provide a cooling water space or jacket 12 a though if desired the liner 11 and cylinder 10 may be cast as a single piece. The jacket space as is usual may entirely encircle the liner 11 and after the water or any other suitable cooling medium has passed upwardl around the sleeve it passes through any esired number of ports 13 into an annular recess 14:. To conduct cooling water from the recess into the cylinder head there is provided a short nipple 15 extending from said recess and terminating slightly above the upper surface of the cylinder frame 10.

The cylinder head is formed preferably in two pieces one of which is a lower member 16 having a combustion chamber 17 while the upper member 18 carries valve mechanism generally indicated-at 19. Preferably, there are two of these valves, one for exhaust and the other for the air'inlet. The upper and lower members are securely held on top of the cylinder by a series of tie bolts 20. The lower member also carries fuel injection nozzles generally shown at 21 for injecting fuel within the combustion chamber 17. This chamber has its walls converging to provide a reduced area or throat 22 which communicates with the cylinder through anenlarging space 23. Upon partial or complete combustion of fuel in the pre-combustion chamber 17, the reciprocating piston 24 will be forced downwardly to perform its normal functions.

In this type of cylinder head the wall portion 25 adjacent the reduced area 22 will be subjected to the maximum amount of heat and in order to effectively cool. the same I have provided an improved cooling system adapted to cooperate with the usual cooling water jacket space 26 surrounding the walls of the combustion chamber. In order to form this water jacket 2. core is employed if the head is of cast metal although any other construction 1 .ay be used also. Any usual foundry practice may be followed in supp orting the core if used, but in my improved arrangement I prefer to have the core supports extend radially of the water jacket and at any desired number of circumferentially spaced points to form openings 27..

In order to provide a'simplified and yet eflicient construction for closing and utilizing these core holes or other suitable openings, I have providedan improved combined nozzle and cover member generally indicated at 28. This member not only performs broadly the function of providing a cover for the openings 27 and a'cooling water-passage for connecting the cylinder and cylinder head jackets but of also having its discharge portion 29 in the form of a nozzle terminating adjacent the reduced wall portion 25 so as to cause jets of fluid to be discharged directly against the same and preferably at a point slightly below the center line of the throat 22. By having the nozzle terminate relatively close to the wall,the incoming water will not only initially engage this portion of the cylinder head but will do so with a relatively high velocity which of course is conducive to a high degree of heat transfer and accordingly effective cooling. The nozzles as shown in Fig. 2 flare outwardly in the direction of flow therethrough, thereby permitting each nozzle to cover a-very appreciable portion of ,the wall 25. The discharge edge of the nozzles is as shown inFig. 2 either straight as at 33 or curved as at 34 but in either case the end of the nozzle is bevelled as at 35 so as to lie in a plane or surface preferably parallel to the lower wall 36. The openings 27 are of course of sufficient size and shape to permit the flared end of the nozzles 29 to be inserted therethrough and the nozzle and cover when properly positioned can be suitably secured to the cylinder head as by machine screws or other desired means whereby either during or after assembly of the cylinder and cylinder head the entrance portion of the nozzle passages 34 can be readily axially slipped on to the nipples 15. Also, any one of the nozzles may be removed without disturbing the cylinder head merely by removing the screws or other means for securing the cover member 28 whereby it may be moved vertically a slight distance to free it of the nipple 15 whereupon the nozzle may be radially removed through the opening 27.

Upon removal of the cover, it is seen that a relatively large opening is provided which will readily permit internal inspection or cleaning of the cylinder head jacket or serve for any other purpose. It also is to be noted that the nozzles are shown specifically as four in number, although more or les s might be used as desired under particular conditions, the nozzles being arranged preferably so that as shown in Fig. 2 the cooling water in discharging from the nozzles and impinging upon the wall 25 will then flow more or less directly to outlets 37 disposed preferably at diametrical points. In the specific embodiment of the invention as illustrated, this preferred path of flow is accomplished by the provision of two pairs of nozzles, the nozzles of each pairbeing disposed at an angle of less than 90 relative to each other thereby causing a distinct tendency for the fluid to flow into the space between each pair where the outlets 37 are located.

There are preferably two injection nozzles 21 suitably located in the cylinder head which in the specific embodiment herein illustrated are at diametrical points and arranged to be cooled by the cooling medium discharged through outlets 37 Figs. 1 and 2. The feature here is also to obtain a high velocity of flow around the nozzle so as to cool effectively the nozzle and thus prevent carbonization of the fuel. To accomplish this the outlets 37 communicate, Figs. 1 and 3 to 5, with a passage 38 which partially encircles the fuel nozzle 21 on its lower side, this passage terminating in a nipple 39 preferably threaded in the cylinder head member 16. There are two of these nipples and they are located at points such as indicated by the dotted lines 39 Fig. 2. These nipples extend, Fig. 1, into suitable openings of a cooling water space 40 formed in the upper member 18 of the cylinder head. The water passage 40 extends around and between'the valves 19 and out to a discharge nipple 41. A high flow velocity is obtained through the cooling passages 38 due to the cross sectional area thereof being relatively small in comparison to that of the cooling water jacket 26.

In the modification shown in Figs. 6 and 9 alone piece cylinder head is provided with injection nozzles 46 supported at their outer ends in a member 47 which covers a'relatively large opening 48. The cylinder head combustion chamber and thecooling Water acket therefor is generally similar to that shown in the preferred form but the cooling water nozzles 49 each comprise a curved pipe having its discharge end flattened as at 50 Fig. 9 thereby to provide a slightly flaring nozzle. The upper curved portion of the pipe may be suitably vented by a small port to prevent an air pocket. The outlet of this nozzle, like the outlet of the preferred form of nozzle 29, lies in a plane preferably parallel to the surface 51. These nozzles are supported in suitable openings which communicate with nipples 15 similar to the preferred form of nipples 15. The nozzles may be assembled by being inserted through the openings 48 or if desired special openingsmay be provided to permit passage of the nozzles therethrough after which the openings would be covered.

In the modification shown in Figs. 7 and 8 the cylinder head 52 may be provided with cooling water nozzles of such a form that they may be added to an existing machine if desired without thenecessity for replacing any of the cylinder head parts. This 1s accomplished by drilling any number of desired holes 53, one for each nozzle 54. To

'permit the nozzle in its bent and flared form to be inserted, the opening 53 may be enlarged and then closed by a bushing 54 surrounding the nozzle. Assembly of the bushing and nozzle may be accomplished in any suitable manner so as to insure -a rigid connection therebetween, for example, after the bushing and nozzle are inserted through opening 53 they will all be connected to a common pipe 56 extending around the head 52 and communicating with a suitable inlet pipe 57 for the admission of the cooling medium.

It is thus seen that I provide in both the preferred and modified forms a relatively simple and yet very effective arrangement for cooling the hottest portion of the cylinder head, and while the preferred arrangement is particularly adapted for relatively easy access to the nozzles, yet the functions of the various parts cooperate so as to provide a very efiicient construction both in the cost'of manufacture and operation.

While I have shown three forms which my invention may assume, it will of course be understood that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention as set forth in the appended claims.

I claim:

1. A cooling system for an internal combustion engine comprising, in combination, a jacketed cylinder, a jacketed cylinder head removably mounted on said cylinder, and means for effecting communication between said jackets including a member secured to said head on the outside thereof and having a slidable fluid connection with said cylinder jacket.

2. A cooling system for an internal combustion engine comprising, in combination, a jacketed cylinder, a jacketed cylinder head provided with a relatively large opening leadin into the jacket space thereof, and a cover. or said opening secured to said head and having a passage projecting within said head jacket for allowing communication from said cylinder jacket through said opening to said head jacket.

3. A cooling system for an internal combustion engine comprising, in combination, a jacketed cylinder, a jacketed cylinder head provided with a relatively large opening leading into the jacket space thereof, a cover for' said opening secured to said head and having a passage for allowing communication between sald jackets through said opening, and a substantially axially extending connecting nipple between the passage of said cover and the cylinder jacket adapted to permit the cover member to be axially slidably connected thereto.

4. A cooling system for an internal combustion engine comprising, in combination, a jacketed cylinder and a jacketed cylinder head, said cylinder head having in its external wall a relatively large opening communicating with the acket space of the head, a member removably secured to said head for covering said opening and having means forming a passageextending through said opening and terminating freely in said head jacket space, and means for connecting said passa e with the cylinder jacket.

.5. cooling system for an internal combustion engine having a jacketed cylinder head, a relatively large opening in the outer wall of said cylinder head communicating with the jacket space thereof, and a cover for said opening having a nozzle carried therebv and extending through said opening into said space for directing a flow of cooling medium on to a predetermined portion-of the cylinder head, said nozzle flaring in the direction of flow therethrough.

6. A cooling system for an internal combustion engine comprising, in combination, a jacketed cylinder head, said head having a combustion chamber communicating with the cylinder through a passage of reduced cross sectional area in comparison to that of said combustion chamber, and a nozzle for directing a jet of cooling medium initially on to the wall portion of the head substantially immediately adjacent said reduced passage.

7 A cooling system for an internal combustion engine comprising, in combination, a jacketed cylinder head, said head having a combustion chamber communicating with the cylinder through a passage of reduced cross sectional area in comparison to that of said combustion chamber, and a nozzle for directing a jet of cooling medium initially on to the wall portion of the head adjacent said reduced passage, said nozzle having its discharge edge disposed substantially parallel to the surface of a portion of the wall adjacent said red'uced'passage.

8. A cooling system for an internal combustion engine comprising, in combination, a

ets of said head and cylinder and for directing fluid flow at a relatively hi h velocity on to a predetermined portion the cylinder head including an axially slidable fluid connection between said cylinder and head.

' ERWIN F. RUEHL.

jacketed cylinder head having a combustion chamber communicating with the cylinder through a passage of reduced cross sectional area in comparison to that of said combustion chamber, and a nozzle for directing a jet of coolin medium initially on to the wall portion 0? the head adjacent said reduced passage -and below the center line thereof.

9. Acooling system for an internal com bustion engine comprising, in combination, a jacketed cylinder head, said head having a combustion chamber communicating with the cylinder through a passage of reduced cross sectional area in comparison to that of said combustion chamber, and a nozzle for directing a jet the wall portion of the head adjacent said reduced passage, said nozzle flaring in the direction of flow therethrough and terminating relatively close to the wall portion of the restricted passage thereby covering a relatively large area thereof.

10. A cooling system for an internal combustion engine comprising, in combination, a jacketed cylinder head, said head having a combustion chamber communicating with the cylinder through a passage of reduced cross sectional area in comparison to that of said combustion chamber, an outlet for the jacket space of said head, and a plurality of nozzles projecting into and so disposed within said jacket space so as to direct a jet of cooling medium initially onto the wall portion of the head adjacent said reduced passage and outwardly toward said outlet.

119 A cooling system for an internal combustion engine comprising, in combination, a jacketed cylinder, a jacketed cylinder head removably mounted on said cylinder, and means for effecting communication betweenthe jackof cooling medium initially on to

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