US1909887A - Rolling in a magnetic field - Google Patents

Rolling in a magnetic field Download PDF

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Publication number
US1909887A
US1909887A US622335A US62233532A US1909887A US 1909887 A US1909887 A US 1909887A US 622335 A US622335 A US 622335A US 62233532 A US62233532 A US 62233532A US 1909887 A US1909887 A US 1909887A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
magnetic
sheets
rolling
magnetic field
temperature
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US622335A
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English (en)
Inventor
Otho M Otte
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
HARRY F PORTER
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HARRY F PORTER
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE397538D priority Critical patent/BE397538A/xx
Application filed by HARRY F PORTER filed Critical HARRY F PORTER
Priority to US622335A priority patent/US1909887A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US1909887A publication Critical patent/US1909887A/en
Priority to GB19475/33A priority patent/GB422347A/en
Priority to DEO20723D priority patent/DE627952C/de
Priority to FR758252D priority patent/FR758252A/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
    • C21D8/1216—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the working step(s) being of interest
    • C21D8/1222—Hot rolling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/04—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering with simultaneous application of supersonic waves, magnetic or electric fields
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
    • C21D8/1244—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the heat treatment(s) being of interest
    • C21D8/125—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the heat treatment(s) being of interest with application of tension

Definitions

  • core materials and include all metals or metal alloys having the characteristics or qualities which render them suitable as core materials.
  • metallic material as used herein is intended to include metals and metal alloys and particularly ferrous metals and alloys having a ferrous base, but is not intended to exclude other metals or alloys.
  • Critical temperature-range designates that range .of temperatures through which a magnetic material passes when changing from the non-magnetic state to the magnetic state and vice versa, and includes that temperature at which molecular v rearrangement within any metal or metal alloy occurs.
  • This invention fundamentally consists in sub ecting metallic materials to the influence of a-relatiyely strong magnetic field and while so influenced in-rolling or otherwise forgmg the same during the period while it is within its critical temperature range.
  • Spethe invention consists in rolling or otherwise forging a metallic material throughout a period which starts at a point well above its critical temperature range and continues until the temperature of the material has dropped to .a point below its critical temperature range and during such working, in subjecting the material to the influence of a relatively strong magnetic field.
  • While the treatment thus broadly described is applicable to the manufacture and/or finishing of various metals and metal alloys I am primarily interested in magnetic materials'used in certain parts of electrical apparatus having alternating magnetic fields such as transformer cores, pole pieces and magnetic kinds. These are preferably or necessarily of laminated structure and sheets or plates therefore are usually employed in building up the same. g The material used for transformer cores and to a lesser extent that used in alternatlng current genera-tors must be characterized poles of various armature cores, 1,
  • An object of this invention is the provision of a method of improving metallic materials for use as magnetic materials.
  • Another object. of this invention is the provision of a'method of manufacture for or 'the production of magnetic ma-' terials either in the form of sheets or plates for use in the make-up of parts of electrical apparatus or as permanent magnets f which latter use the material will not be in the form of laminae, whereby such materials are greatly improved for the uses to which they are tobe put.
  • a still further object of this invention is the provision of a method of treatment whereby finished or semi-finished sheets or plates of magnetic material such as silicon steel may have their watt-loss values materially decreased below the values of the best magnetic material manufactured today and 'with'which I am familiar.
  • a still further object of this invention is whereby desirable qualities of alloys in the form 'of sheets, plates, tubes, bars, wire, etc., may be obtained therein without affecting the material of such products in any undesirable manner.
  • Some of these alloys are knownto the" trade as Allegheny .Metal, KA-2, 18-8 and Enduro.
  • the method of my invention broadly consists in performing work (such as rolling or forging) on a metal or metal alloy while the same is. lowering in temperature from a temperature above the. point or range at which molecular rearrangement therein oc-v curs to a temperature belowsuch pointf-or range and whilesubjected to the. influence 'of a relatively strong magnetic flux or field, it (the method) is out in numerous ways.
  • I have also schematically illustrated two stands of a strip finishing mill equipped for racticing my, method as well as a hammer or performing forging operations and equi ped for, carrying out my method.
  • a Figure 1 is a view in front elevation of a two-high finishing mill equipped for carrying out my invention
  • Fig. 2 1s a view in end elevation of said mill, as seen looking from right .to left in Fig 1; Y
  • ig. 3 is a more or less diagrammatic view and represents the reducing rolls of two stands arranged in tandem adapted for the rolling of strip material and being equipped for the practice of my invention;
  • Fig. 4 is a view in front elevation looking toward the entrance side .of one of the pair of rolls embodied in-the two stands of Fig. 3;
  • Fig. 5 is a more or less diagrammatic view illustrating a pair of'reducing rolls and the mechanisms for feeding material to'and from a pair of rolls equipped for the practice of my invention
  • i Fig. 6 is a. pictorial view illustrating a forging hammer so equipped as to be suitable for the practice.
  • my invention upon forg- .%l1en plates or-sheets' are to be rolled or finished in accordance with my invention, may use a paratus such as that disclosed in Figs. 1 an 2, wherein is disclosed a two-high mill, generally of conventional type, suitable for rolling or' finishing either sheet packs or [plates as the case may be.
  • e apparatus of Figs. 1 and 2 comprises a mill housing made up of the customary parts 10 and 11, each rovided with the customary window '12, r0 1 neck brasses 13 and 14 mounted within the windows and rolls 15 and 16. v I
  • the roll neck brasses being non-magnetm, Egovide and maintain substantial air aps tween the roll necks and the mill housings, thus largely confining the magnetic flux before referred to within the rolls, the necks and the material being worked on by the rolls.
  • I preferably provide two relatively powerful electromagnets so, as to obtain two co-operating magnetic fields and throu h which the material being worked on or rol f ed passes during the period of roll reduction.
  • Each of these electromagnets has a generally horseshoe-shaped core 20 which maybe solid if direct current is to be used for energizmg the sameand laminated if alternating current is to be used forthis purpose.
  • Each magnet is provided with a suitable winding 21 adapted to be connected to a source of supply of electric current (not shown).
  • the lower le of each ma et is formed so asto provi e a snug slidin fit with the extended cylindrical end 22 o the lower roll 16.
  • the portions of 'the magnet core or rather the end of thelower leg of each magnet is split as shown at 23 in order that the magnets maybe readily assembled on the extended necks of the lower roll 16.
  • Each magnet is referably. mounted in place by means of a aterally extending support foot 27, a support base 28 and a roller ulcrum 29.
  • a aterally extending support foot 27 minimizes the slidin friction between the bore of the lower legs 0 the magnets and the extended necks 22 of lower roll16; the osition of 'laterall extending support foot 2 being chosen with this 'end in v ew.
  • Lifting eyes 30 are preferably provided whereby the magnets may be readily'transported from place to place and located in operative position with relation to the reducing rolls.
  • the roll necks are preferably furnished with an adequate sup ly of water through pipes 31 controlled by valves 32.
  • the mechanisms more or less diagrammatically disclosed in'Fig. 5 are adapted to permit magnetic material to be fed throu h the roll pass and to scrape from the rol s any material which may adhere thereto.
  • the material being reduced bythe'rolls 15 and 16 is marked 33 and in the set-up illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2, the ma 'netic field or flux lines created by the two e are indicated by the arrows. It will beseen that when the ma'gnets'are arranged as in Figs. 1 and 2, the magneticlines pass per nectromagnets cally, "i ustrated. mechanisms for idingi rofil s of a material 'to and from the reducing mill. Such mechanismswith suitable modifications can be used for either a two-high finishing mill or'a strip mill of'either the '14s in ig. 5, Imayemply'a frame 34, which supports a. fore table 35 made of nonmagnetlc material and a cover 36 preferably two, threg or four high variety.
  • cover are preferably pro- The table and vided with scrapers 38" and 39 yieldingly held in contact with the u reducing rolls respectively, y some means, such as springs 40 and 41.
  • Cover 36 is prefper and lower erably provided with a to member 42 which cover 36 and adjacent its -rear end rests on anupwardextension 44 of frame 34.
  • strippers 45 and 46 are employed and these P ably formed with angled'arms, as shown in Figure 5', whereby they are yieldin lyheld in contact with the rolls b means of springs 47 and 48.
  • the material lining the rolls 15 and 16 passes between non-magnetic members49and50.
  • the material being rolled is designated 33 terial.
  • Themechani first to feed the ma reducing rolls and to around the rolls during the roll reductio ducing rolls stripp (1 particles of in material from Member 49 is pr guide member 51.
  • a suitable core 62 is interposed which terial to and from the is provided with windi-ngs'68 1n the usual revent it from curlway and as will be understood from the foreue to ma netic pull going.
  • 64 represents the material being op- 11, next, to eep the reerated upon and as indicated by the arrows from adhering the magnetic field passes along the core into and next to strip the the framework of the machine, downwardly the rolls as is now common. thereafter and through the material being ovided with an inclined operated upon and then back through the 42 and framework tov thecore by the shortest and ction with a two-high easiest path as is characteristic of magnetic hen operated by hand fields.
  • i mechanical manipulator as While my invention is particularly apmaterial overthe top plicable to the finishing of sheet, plate or the catcher side strip material, it will be apparent that it Her side of the mill.
  • a method of improving the magnetic characteristics of metallic sheeted material which consists in heating the material to a temperature above that at which molecular rearrangement occurs within the material, then in reducing the gauge of the sheeted material at about the time such molecular rearrangement occurs and during such reduction in gauge in subjecting the material to the influence of a magnetic flux of suflicient intensity to beneficially influence the magnetic characteristics.
  • a method of obtaining desired characteristics in silicon steel sheets which consists in carrying on the final reduction at that temperature where molecular rearrangement within the material occurs and during such reduction in subjecting the material to the influence of a magnetic flux of suflicient intensity to beneficially influence the magnetic characteristics.
  • a method of finishing ma etic sheets which consists in completing t e final mechanical reduction of a pack at a temperature not lower than the ordinary re-heating temperature, and while making such reduction in subjecting the pack to the influence of a relatively strong magnetic flux.
  • a method of finishing magnetic sheets which consists in completmg the final mechanical reduction of a pack at a temperature not lowerthan the ordinary re-heating temperature, and while making such reduction in causing a magnetic flux of'relatively great intensity to traverse the pack on lines perpendicular thereto.
  • a method of beneficially affecting the grain structure of ferrous material reduced to form by rolling or other forging which consists in heating the material to be rolled or forged to a temperature above that at which molecular rearrangement within the material occurs, in subjecting the heated material to the influence of a traversing'magnetic flux of relativel great intensity and in performing the rolling or forging prior to and during the time the material drops below the temperature of molecular rearrangement and while the same is under the influence of said magnetic flux.
  • a method of improving characteristics of a metallic material which consists in mechanically working said material while at about the temperature at which molecular rearrangement therein occurs and while so working in subjecting said material to the influence of a magnetic field of such intensity as to contribute to such improvement.
  • a method of improving the magnetic properties of a metallic material which consists in subjecting said material to pressure suflicient to change its cross sectional area.
  • a method of improving characteristics of a metallic material which consists in heating the material to rolling temperature, in mechanically working the material and in subjecting the same to the influence of a magnetic field of such intensity as to contribute to such improvement.
  • a method of improving the magnetic properties of a metallic material which consists in heating the material to rolling tem-- perature, then in subjecting said material to pressure sufficient to change the cross section thereof and while subjected to such pressure in subjecting said material to the influence of a magnetic flux of suificient intensity to contribute to improvement of the material.
  • a method of improving the magnetic characteristics of metallic sheeted material which consists in heating the material to rolling temperature, then in reducing the gauge of the sheeted material and during such reduction in gauge in subjecting the material to the influence of a magnetic flux of suflicient intensity to beneficially influence the magnetic characteristics.
  • a method of obtaining desired characteristics in silicon steel sheets which "con-. sists in carrying on the final hot reduction within the influence of a magnetic flux of sufficient intensity to beneficially influence the magnetic characteristics.
  • a method of finishing magnetic sheets which consists in completing the final mechanical reduction of a pack while the same is subjected to the influence of a relatively strong magnetic flux.
  • a method of finishing magnetic sheets which consists in completing the final mechanical reduction within a magnetic flux of relatively great intensity and traversing the pack on lines perpendicular thereto.
  • a method of improving characteristics of a metallic material which consists in mea temperature within chanically working said material while hot and while so working in subjecting the same to the influence of a magnetic field of such intensity as to contribute to such improvement.
  • the method of producing changes in metallic material that make for improvement in the quality of its properties that comprises mechanically working the material, as by rolling or forging, and applying magnetizing forces to .the material in such manner as to permeate the material with magnetic lines of force at the points where the mechanical forces are applied.
  • the method of improving the physical and/or magnetic properties of metallic materials that comprises heating the material to a temperature such that the material will take a predetermined amount of'elongation, placing the material within a magnetic field, and elongating the material while in said field.
  • the method of improvin the physical and/or magnetic properties 0 metallic materials that comprises heating the material to the range at which molecular rearrangement occurs, placing the material in a magnetic field, and mechanically stressing the material while in said field.
  • the method of improving the physical and/or magnetic properties of paramagnetic materials that comprises heating the material to a temperature within the range defined by the decalescent and recalescent points of the material, mechanically stressing the material while within said temperature range to produce a permanent set therein, and magnetizing the material in a direction normal to the direction of stress.
  • the method of improving the physical and/or magnetic properties of metallic ma comprises heating the material, placing the material within a magnetic field, and elongating the heated material while in said field.
  • the method of improvingthe physical and/or magnetic properties of paramagnetic materials that comprises heating the material to a temperature within the range defined by the decalescent and recalescent points of the material, mechanically stressing the material while within said temperature range to produce a permanent set therein, magnetizing the material in a direction normal to the direction of stress, and allowing the material to cool while being so stressed and magnetized.
  • the method of producing electrical sheets each having substantially the same watt loss, per unit of weight, resulting from varying and /or periodic magnetizing forces that comprises hot rolling a starting piece through the usual number of reducing and finishing passes, cutting the rolled material into strips or sheets, placing the sheets in a magnetic field and stressing to the point of producing a permanent set therein while in said field.
  • the method of producing electrical sheets each having substantially the same watt loss, per unit of weight, resulting from varying and/or periodic magnetizing forces that comprises hot rolling a starting piece through the usual number of reducing and finishin passes, cutting the rolled material into strips or sheets, heating said sheets to a temperature above that at which decalescence occurs, placing said sheets in a ma netic field, and then mechanically stressing t e sheets to or beyond the yield point.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Steel Electrode Plates (AREA)
  • Metal Rolling (AREA)
  • Hard Magnetic Materials (AREA)
  • Soft Magnetic Materials (AREA)
US622335A 1932-07-13 1932-07-13 Rolling in a magnetic field Expired - Lifetime US1909887A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE397538D BE397538A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1932-07-13
US622335A US1909887A (en) 1932-07-13 1932-07-13 Rolling in a magnetic field
GB19475/33A GB422347A (en) 1932-07-13 1933-07-10 Improvements in and relating to method of manufacturing metallic material
DEO20723D DE627952C (de) 1932-07-13 1933-07-11 Verfahren zur Behandlung magnetisierbarer Werkstoffe
FR758252D FR758252A (fr) 1932-07-13 1933-07-11 Perfectionnements aux méthodes de travail des matières métalliques

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US622335A US1909887A (en) 1932-07-13 1932-07-13 Rolling in a magnetic field

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US1909887A true US1909887A (en) 1933-05-16

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US622335A Expired - Lifetime US1909887A (en) 1932-07-13 1932-07-13 Rolling in a magnetic field

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US (1) US1909887A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE397538A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE627952C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR758252A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB422347A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4370788A (en) * 1979-09-07 1983-02-01 Cross Manufacturing Company Limited Method of lining cylindrical bores

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1226128B (de) * 1955-05-03 1966-10-06 Walzwerk Neviges G M B H Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Waermebehandlung von Blechen, insbesondere Elektroblechen im Magnetfeld

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4370788A (en) * 1979-09-07 1983-02-01 Cross Manufacturing Company Limited Method of lining cylindrical bores

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE627952C (de) 1936-03-26
FR758252A (fr) 1934-01-13
BE397538A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB422347A (en) 1935-01-10

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