US1907234A

US1907234A - Machine for preparation of printer's copy

Info

Publication number: US1907234A
Application number: US571151A
Authority: US
Inventors: Constantine A Belash
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1931-10-26
Filing date: 1931-10-26
Publication date: 1933-05-02
Anticipated expiration: 1950-05-02

Description

c. A QELASH 1,907,234

MACHINE FOR PREPARATION PRINTERS COPY May 2, 1933.

Filed Oct. 26, 1951 4 Sheets-Sheet l INVEN'T'EIR 7 MM QM,+

4 Sheets-Sheet 2 C. A. BELASH Filed 001;. 26. I93].

MACHINE FOR PREPARATION OF PRINTERS COPY rr'vw EH. IF. o.

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MW mQ BRQ m RQ I NVENi'URI AH-yaooooooo May 2, 1933. c. A. BELASH MACHINE FOR PREPARATION OF PRINTERS COPY Filed 001:. 26, 1931 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 lllll May 2, 1933. c. A. BELASH MACHINE FOR PREPARATION OF PRINTERS COPY 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed 001:. 26, 1931 v U03 KO". K D U0 ohm E U m i m -0E.

are costly because they are made by big paid labor and they cause delay and in some Patented May 2, 1933 UNITED STATES CONSTANTINE A. BELASH, 0F BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS MACHINE FOR PREPARATION OF PRINTERS COPY Application filed October 26, 1931. 1 Serial No. 571,151.

This invention relates to type setting and more particularly to certain provisions for facilitating setting up type.

Type is usually set up from manuscript by highly paid composition machine operators. If a composition machine operator is given a printed book to re-set his efliciency is a maximum because he is able to set it up line for line. However, if he is to set up type from a typewritten manuscript he must spend considerable time estimating the enact amount of type which will .fit properly into each line and allow for proper justification and considering many other details. in a typewritten manuscript every character is of exactly the same width and each occupies the same amount of space in a typewritten line. However, the width of the characters in a printed line vary and each has its own width value. For instance, in a printed line a letter W may occupy twice as much space as that occupied by a letter a and more than three times as much space as that occupied by a letter Z. Consequently, if a typewritten page is prepared in which the lines have perfect alinement at left and right and this is set up in printing type, line for line, the result will be anything but a justified page. When type has been set up a proof is made and submitted to the author, usually in galley form, on which the author marks corrections. These corrections are made in type and the type matter is made up into pages. Another proof is then made and submitted to the author for further corrections. AL most inevitably some pages do not break up as wanted. They either lack a few lines or are too'long and the author must adjust the matter to fit the page by cutting out or adding the right amount of lines to come within the allotted limits. These corrections in ty h cases necessitate a sacrifice of correct typographical or literal style. Often, they comprise as much as fifty percent or more of the total composition cost. They also greatly lessen the eficiency of the composing machine operator as will be readily apparent by noting that the average monotype operator sets type approximately at the rate of thirty words a minute. These difliculties are en countered in setting up straight matter without illustrations but are multiplied greatly when the composition requires a number of illustrations, especially so-called buried cuts (that is, illustrations which do not extend the full width of the page and have type matter running on one or both sides of the illustrations).

It is an object. of the present invention to overcome these difliculties and to provide certain expedients for increasing the efliciency of operators of machines for setting up type.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a method of making and a machine upon which may be made a typewritten manuscript each page of which corresponds line for line with each page of a desired printed copy having a desired page 7 size and a desired set of t e.

In the practice of the invention the number of lines and the width of the lines in set ems on each page of predetermined size which it is desired to print with the desired 7 kind of type is determined by reference to a special table. A typewritten copy of each page is then produced which corresponds line for line withleach page to be printed. For this purpose, an auxiliary mechanism is provided for an ordinary typewriter and includes an indicator having an indicating pointer which is movable, each time the typewriter is actuated to type a character, an amount representative of the width of the corresponding character to be printed. The pointer also is movable an amount correspondin to a space between the words to-be printe each time the space bar is actuated. In preparing a typewritten copy of a page which is to have 'anillustration the number of lines to be 00- cupied by the illustration is determined by reference to the above mentioned table. If the illustration is a buried cut the same procedure is followed and in addition the width of the cut is determined in terms of set ems and this is deducted from the width in set ems of the full lines to give the width of the short lines opposite the cut in terms of set ems. The term set emv is used herein to denote the actual width of the widest letter in a monotype machine composition.

The invention will be more clearly understood from the following description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings; in which,

Fig. 1 is a vertical longitudinal section of a machine embodying the invention with some of the parts omitted.

Fig. 2 is a vertical section taken upon the line 2-2 of Fig. 1; v

Fig. 3 is an enlarged vertical section of a portion of the mechanism shown in Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a sectional view taken upon the line 44 of Fig. 3;

Fig. 5 is an end elevational view of the portion of the machine shown in Fig. 3;

Fig. 6 is a sectional view taken upon the line 66 of Fig. 3;

Figs. 7 and 8 are enlarged sectional views taken upon the lines 7 7 and 88 respectively of Fig. 2;

Figs. 9 and 10 are front and rear views of a table used in conjunction with the machine of this invention; and i Fig. 11 is a section taken on line 1111 of Fig. 9.

Before explaining in detail the present invention, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited in its application to the details of construction and arrangement of parts illustrated in the accompanying drawings, since the invention is capable of other embodiments and of being practised or carried out in various ways. Also it is to be understood that the phraseology or terminology employed'h'erein is for the purpose of description and not of limitation, and it is not intended to limit the invention beyond the terms of the several claims hereto appended as considered in view of the prior art and the requirements thereof.

One embodiment of a machine employed in the practice of the invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings and comprises a typewriter of common construction having a frame 10 and in which is embodied an auxiliary mechanism which renders the typewriter suitable for use in the practice of the invention. A plurality of character key bars 11 are pivotally mounted at one end upon a rod 12 mounted in the frame 10. The other ends of the key bars 11 are provided with characterkeys 13. One end of each of a pair of shift bars 14 is carried upon the rod 12 in the usual manner adjacent the opposite ends thereof. i

The other end of each shift key bar is provided with a shift key 15. Each of the shift key bars 14 is provided with a pin 16 adapted to be engaged by the hook-shaped end of an arm 17 the other end of each of which is pivotally mounted upon one end 0 an arm 18 fixed upon a shaft 19 suitably mounted for rotation in abracket 20 mounted carrying arms 24 are pivotally mounted upon the support 23. Each of the arms 24 is operatively connected to one of the character key bars 11 by a suitable mechanism comprising a link 25 pivoted at one end to the arms 24 and having its other end pivotally connected to one end of a lever 26 which is pivotally mounted at an intermediate point upon the bracket 20. The other end of the lever 26 is pivotally connected to one end of a link 27 the other end of which is pivotally connected to one of the character key bars 11. The usual space key bars 30 are carried in the usual manner upon the rod 12 and are connected at their free ends by a space key 31. The usual platen or roll 32 is mounted for rotation in the usual manner in the frame 10 and may be actuated by the usual escapement mechanism (not shown) which is operatively connected with the space bars by rods 34.

In accordance with one embodiment of the invention a shaft 35 extending transversely of the machine is mounted for rotation and axial movement in suitable bearings carried by brackets 36 and 37. A spring 38 surrounds the shaf t 35 with one end engaging the bracket 37 and its other end engaging a collar 39 on the shaft 35. The spring 38 is adapted to force the shaft 35 axially toward the left as viewed in Figs. 2 and 3 to maintain a shoulder 40 upon the shaft 35 in engagement with the inner face of the bracket 36. An arm 41 is suitably fixed upon the shaft 35 as by a key 42 and a set screw 44. A stop 45 carried by the arm 41 is normally maintained'in engagement with a stop 46 upon the bracket 37 by a spring 47 one end of which is secured to the free end of the arm 41 and the other end of which is secured to a screw 48 adjustably mounted in the bracket 37.

A pair of spaced arms 50 are suitably fixed upon the shaft 35 as by a key 51 and a set screw 52. An actuator bar 53 having spaced depending arms 54 is suitably secured to the free ends of the arms 50 as by bolts 55. A series of

screw members

56 and 57 are adjustably mounted in the actuator bar 53. The members 56 represent the'small characters and are normally positioned in the path of movement of the character key bars 11. The members 57 represent the large characters and are mounted adjacent the members 56 corresponding to the same characters. The

screws

56 and 57 may be adjusted upon'the actuator bar 53 so that the screws are moved f by the character key bars 11 amounts representative of the width of a corresponding large or small printed characters. The

screws

56 and 57 may be locked in their adjusted positions by any suitable means. For this purpose, as illustrated, the lower portion of the actuator bar 53 is split to provide outer and intermediate clamping portions 58 and 59 respectively (see Fig. 4) which are clamped together as by screws 60. Each of the portions 54 depending from the actuator bar 53 is provided with a split clamp 61 in which a screw 62 is adjustably mounted in the path of movement of the space key bars 30. A cam 65 is carried by each of the shift key bars 14 and each is adapted to be moved into engagement with a pin 66 carried by the shaft 35.

While the screw members 57 have been referred to as representing large or capital characters, it will be understood that they may represent other characters which can not be typed on the usual typewriter unless the shift key is actuated. Therefore, the term large character as used throughout this specification and the claims appended is intended to include any character which is typed on the usual typewriter while theshift key bar is depresse A bevel gear 68 is secured \upon the shaft 35 as by a key 69 which causes the gear to rotate with the shaft, while permitting the shaft to be moved axially relative to the gear.

The. bevel gear 68 is adapted to engage a bevel gear 70 freely rotatable upon a vertically extendin shaft 71 mounted for rotation in suitab e bearings in a bracket 72. The gear 70 rests upon a head 73 formed upon the lower end of the shaft 71. A clutch element 74 is suitably secured upon the shaft 71, as by a set screw 75, and is provided with a portion 76 surrounding the hub of the bevel gear 70 and having an annular groove 77. A lurality of paw s 78 are pivotally mounted upon the upper face of the gear 70 and each of their free-ends is pressed into the grove 77 by a spring 79 suitably secured upon the upper face of the gear 70 as by screws 80. A bevel gear 81 is suitably secured upon the upper end of the shaft 71 and rests upon a thrust bearing 82 carried by the bracket 72. The bevel gear 81 is adapted to engage a bev'el gear 83 suitably fixed upon a shaft 84 mounted for rotation in suitable bearings in a bracket 85. The shaft 84 is provided with an enlarged threaded portion 86 adapted to receive a nut 87. A sprocket wheel 89 is freely mounted for rotation upon the shaft 84 between the enlarged portion 86 and a cap screw 90 engaging the end of. the shaft 84. An annular disk 91 surrounds the hub of the sprocket wheel 89 and is provided with spaced radially extending spring arms 92 extending between the nut 87 and an annular disk 93 engaging the face of the sprocket wheel 89, thereby providing a frictional driving connection between the shaft 84 and the s rocket wheel 89.

The sproc et wheel 89 is connected by a chain 95 with a sprocket wheel 96 mounted upon a shaft 97 rotatably'carried in suitable hearings in a block 98 adjustably mounted in a bracket 99 secured to the frame 10. A pin 88 is secured to one of the links of the chain 95, preferably, adjacent the indicator scale 103 so that'the chain may be moved manually to position the indicator pointer 100 opposite the zero point on the scale. An indicating pointer 100 is suitably secured upon one of the links of the chain 95 and is provided at its lower end with a rearwardly extending portion 101 providing cam sur-- faces 2 and 3 for actuating the striker arm of a bell to be described hereinafter. A scale 103 is suitably mounted upon the frame 10" adjacent the path of movement of the indicating pointer 100,'as by screws 104. The scale 103 is graduated in terms of set ems and units. A bracket 5 is suitably secured upon the frame 10 above the scale 103 and is provided with a longitudinally extending slot 106. A plurality of adjustable stops or

indicators

107, 10711 and 1076 are adjustably mounted upon the bracket 5 and each is secured in adjusted position thereon by a thumb screw 8 engaging the indicator and passing through the slot .106. A bell 110 is mounted upon a bracket 111 having a tongue 4 entering a T-shaped slot 6 in a bracket 116 suitably secured upon the frame. A T-shape'dhead 7 in the slot 6 is secured to the tongue 4 by a thumb screw 115. The

bracket 111 is provided with a stud 117 upon which one end of a bell striker arm 118 is pivotally mounted. A spring 9 surrounds the stud 117 .and has one end connected to the striker arm 118 and its other end con-' nected to the bracket 111. A stop 120 carried by the chain 95 is adapted to engage

stops

121 and 122 on the frame 10 to position thepointer 100 opposite the zero position of the scale 103 and to'prevent it engaging the sprocket wheel 96.

A special table is provided for facilitating the use of the machine of the invention and comprises a blank of specially treatedpaper to stiffen the same and render it substantially immune to heat and moisture. This blank is folded to provide a holder H open at its ends having front and rear covers it and h respectively and an intermediate partition 10. Cards C and D are interposed in the spaces between the partition and the front cover and the partition and the rear cover respectively. If desired, the front and rear covers may be provided with thumb openings 25 and t respectively so that the cards C and D may be gripped to be manipulated. The front and rear covers it and h are each provided with a transverse slot 8 and s respectively.

The front cover h is provided with a table A and a table B. In the top row of table A are placed numbers which represent the width in inches of a cut or illustration. The outer Vertical columns of table A contain numbers representing the set of type. The numbers in the remaining columns represent set ems and a number therein below a particular number in the top row and opposite a particular number in the outer set columns represents the width of a cut in set ems having a width in inches corresponding to the number referred to in the top row and where a set of type is used on the page corresponding to the number referred to in the set columns. The top row of table B contains numbers representing the height of a cut in inches. The outer vertical columns contain numbers representing the height iirpoints of the type to be employed. The numbers in the remaining columns indicate the number of lines in a cut of a particular height where a type of a certain point-size is used. The rear cover it contains a column of figures adjacent the slot s which represent the number of points in the type.

The top row of card G contains numbers in terms of picas. The remaining columns of this card contain numbers in terms of set ems. The top row on the card D contains numbers in terms of picas while the remaining rows contain numbers in terms of lines.

Suppose that it is desired to produce a typewritten page which is a line for line copy of a page to be printed having a width pt 22 picas and a height of 39 picas and contam ng a cut 1 inches wide and 1% inches high and that this page is to be printed with a 10 point and 9% set type leaded with 1 point (that is the space between lines) It is first necessary to determine the number of set ems of a 9% set type in a printed page 22 picas in width. To determine this, the card C is moved until the number 22 n the top row of table A appears in the upper end of the slot 8 in the front cover h. The number under the 22 in the slot 8 opposite the 9% in the set column of table A is the number of set ems in the width of the page to be printed. This number is shown at a and indicates that the width of the cut is 27 set ems and 14 units (each set em containing 18 units).

It is now necessary to determine the number of lines which will fit into the page to be printed. We now turn the holder H over so as to view the rear cover h and since the page to be printed is 39 picas high, we move the card D until the number 39 in the top row thereon appears at the top of the slot 8. Since the page is to be printed with a 10 point type leaded with one point, the total height of each line including the space between lines is 11 points. The number under the 39 in the slot 8 and opposite the 11 in the point column on the back cover it indicates the number of lines which will fit into the page to be printed. This number is shown at b and indicates that there will be 42 lines of type with 6 points of extra blank space. The 6 extra points of blank space may be taken care of by allowing extra space between the heading and the main body of the printed page or in any other Way as seems best to the printer.

It is now necessary to determinethe number of set ems in the width of the cut and to determine this table A on the front cover h is used. Since the page is to be printed with a 9 set type and the cut is to be 1 inches wide we look in the column under 1 in the top row of table A and opposite the 9 in the set column and find that the cut is 8 set ems and 9 units wide. To determine the height of the cut in terms of the number of lines table B is used. Since the total height of the line is 11 points (allowing 1 point for leading between lines) and since the cut is 1 inches high, we look under 1% in the top row of table B opposite the 11 in the point column and find that the height of the cut is equivalent to 11 lines and 5 extra points.

A blank space is left upon the typewritten page corresponding to the width of the cut in set ems and its height in terms of printed lines. The length of the lines opposite the cut is determined by subtracting the number of set ems in the width of the cut and the number of set ems in the total length of a full line.

In making a typewritten page which corresponds line for line with a page to be printed the number of lines in the printed page and the length of the lines in terms of set ems is determined by the use of the table previously described. One of the adjustable indicators or stops 107 is then set opposite the number upon the scale 103 which corresponds to the number of set ems in each line to be printed. If the page is to have a cut extending from the left side of the page to an intermediate point, the indicator 107a is set opposite the scale 103 and spaced from the indicator 107 an amount equal to the number of set ems in the short lines. If the cut is to be positioned intermediate the sides of the page so that short lines are on both sides of the cut, the indicators 107a and .1076 are set at distances from the indicator 107 and the zero point on the scale 103 amounts equal to the length in set ems of the short lines on the left and right of the cut respectively. The indicator 100 is then placed opposite the zero mark on the scale 103 and the machine is ready to produce the typewritten page.

The characters are formed upon the page to be typewritten by operating the typewriter in the usual manner. As each character key of the typewriter is depressed it engages a corresponding screw 56 carried by the actuator bar 53 to cause the latter to move an amount representative of the width of the corresponding character to be printed. The -movement of the actuator bar 53 moves the shaft 35 which motion is transmitted to the chain 95 through the shaft 71 and sprocket wheel 89 to move the pointer 100 an amount representative of the width of the corresponding character to be printed. When the character key is: released the spring 47 forces the actuator bar 53 back to its original po- 0 sition without moving the indicator pointer 100, this being permitted by the overrunning clutch connecting the

shafts

35 and 71. If a large character is to be typed, one of the shift keys 15 is depressed causing its cam to engage a pin 66 to move the shaft 35 axially an amount 'suflicient to bring the screw 57 into the path of movement of the character key, The character key is then moved to cause the character key bar to engage the screw 56 to move the actuator bar 53 an amount representative of the width of the corresponding large character to be printed and thismotion is transmitted in the manner previously described to the indicating pointer 100 to move the latter an amount representative of the width of the corresponding large character to be printed. After each word has been typed in a given line, the space key 31 is depressed to cause the space key bars 30 to engage the screws 62 to cause the actuator bar 53 to be moved a predetermined amount representative of a space between words to be printed. This movement is transmitted as previously described to the indicating pointer 100 to cause the latter to move an amount representative of a space between the words to be printed which may be, for example, 6 units. These operations are continued until the pointer 100 has moved opposite the stop 107, representing the end of r the line, or so close thereto that another word cannot be typed without moving the ointer 100 beyond the stop 107. The brac et 111 is positioned so that the ball striker arm 118 is positioned a short distance to the left of the setting of the indicator 107 so that the striker arm is engaged by the cam 3 carried by the projection .101 extending from the indicator pointer 100; As the pointer 100 approaches the indicator 107 the striker arm 118 is released by the cam 3 and strikes the ball 110to give warning to the operator that the pointer 100 is close to the end of the line. The platen 32 is then moved in the usual manner so that another line may be typed. The chain is then moved by grippmg the pin 88 to bring the pointer back to a position opposite the zero mark on the scale 103, this being permitted by the frictional driving connection between the shaft 84 and the sprocket wheel 89.

This procedure is continued until the pre-. determined number of lines have been typed on the page. If the printed page is to contain a cut, the number of full lines above the out are typed and short lines are typed on one or both sides of the space allowed for the cut is indicated by the remaining indicators 107a or 1076 which have been positioned previously in accordance with the computations obtained byusin the special tables contained in the holder The number of short lines corresponding to the height of the cut are typed and then the remaimng number of full lines are typed to complete the page. In a line in which a paragraph begins the space key is actuated one or more times to allow for the space at the left of the first character or, if desired, a special bar may be provided which, when actuated, 1

other machine composition or foundry ty Thus, a special table may be provided or each other machine composition or foundry i type which will give the set value of the monotype system which corresponds to each point type of each of the other systems. Each value in these special tables ma 'be determined by setting up a long line 0 each point type of each of the other systems and then setting up the same line in monotype of different set values until the set value is found which comes closest to producing a line of the same width. y

In using the machine of the invention for producing a line for line copy of a page to be printed in any machine composition or foundry type other than monotype, the

indicators

107, 107a or 1076 are set as though monotype was to be used having a set value corresponding to the point t pe of the machine composition ty e to be used. Any slight variations i'n t e length of the lines set up from such a copy can be compensated for by justification.

I claim:

composition, it is equally applicable to any 1. In a typewriter having bars adapted to be actuated by the character and shift keys, the combination therewith of means for producing a typed page corres onding to a page of predetermined 'size to e' printed with a predetermined type comprising an indicator of said rod into the path of movement of the corresponding character bar, and operative connections between said rod and movable pointer for causing the latter to move progressively in one direction as the former is moved successively by said character bars.

2. In a typewriter having bars adapted to be actuated by the character and shift keys, the combination therewith of means for producing a typed page corresponding to a page of predetermined size to be printed with a predetermined type comprising an indicator including a movable pointer, a movable rod extending transversely of said bars, a plurality of members representative of the small and large characters carried by said rod and adapted to move the same, the members representative of the small characters being positioned in the path of movement of the corresponding character bars and adjacent the corresponding large character representatives, means including a cam carried by the shift key for moving a large character representative in the longitudinal direction of said rod into the path of movement of .the corresponding character bar, means carried by said rod adapted to be engaged by the space key bar to be moved thereby an amount representative of a space between" the words or groups of characters to be printed, and operative connections between said rod and movable pointer for causing the latter to move progressively in one direction as the former is moved successively by said character bars.

In testimony whereof I aifix my signature.

CONSTANTINE A. BELASH.

neozeee