US1903548A - Slide hammer - Google Patents

Description

H. G. KREIS 1,903,548

SLIDE HAMMER April 11, 1933.

Filed Jan. 26, 1932 Patented Apr. 11, 1933 w l UNITE STATES I GAIL KREIS', OF'CLEVELAND, OHiO SLIDE HAMMER Application filed January '26, 1932. Serial No, 589,022.

a .An essential object of the presentinvention isthe delivery of .a maximum stress under the blowof a sliding hammer and incident thereto the elimination of bindingzand-frictional resistance to the sliding'movement of the hammer.

Another object is therpr-ovision .ofparts affording such'an anchorage to thepart to be stressed that substantially direct stress is delivered though thehammer blow be directed to the Withdrawal of the object acted upon.'

; In'greater detail, the objects of the present 7 invention include provision for effective access to parts otherwise not easily accessible, and the exertion of hammerblow withdrawing strains on such parts on lines substantially coincident with the longitudinal axis of the hammer. e i V With these and further objects in view as will in part hereinafter become apparent and in part be stated, the invention includes a reciprocating hammer, a guiding rod therefor, and means carried by the'rod for engaging a part to be withdrawn in position for locating such part with the line of its travel substantially coincident with and continuous of the line' of' movement of the hammer in approaching the blow-deliveringposition. l

The invention further includes-in such a 39 combination the employment of an offset portion to facilitate such alinement, and still further includes thin, pronged bifurcations for facilitating application in otherwise inaccessible positions.

for obtaining the results of the combinative action of a sliding hammer engaging a ham mer rod, the two beingshaped relative-to,

each other for enablingthe hammerto slide to on longitudinal edges so as'to afford only the specti've view of the coupling'end of the rod The-invention also includes'the provision" parts as subsequently slide hammer embodying the featuresof the presentinvention in one of the simpler forms; -,:Figure 2 is an end view thereof; looking at the j aw end with the coupling sleeve of the embodiment of Figure fiiillustrated as 41P- 56, I

plied. 1 F'gure 3 is a transverse, horizontal section through the hammer member and the bar on Which it is mounted with the hammer member centered with respect to the bar. I i Figure 4 is a similar view of the'same with the hammer member in that .slidingl contact ordinarily assumed during, a stroke of "the hammer; 'i YFigure 5 is an enlarged, detailed, frag} mentary, sectional elevation showing the integral formation of the hammer-blow-receiving terminus or knob on thaten'd of the slide hammer rod opposite to the jaw.1

Figure 6;.is a viewsimilar-to Figure 1 of a furtherembodiment ofthe invention including features providing for thedetachable mounting ofthe jaw. v V a Figure 7 is a longitudinal, vertical section-through the retaining sleeve ofthef7 parts seen in Figure 6, the coupled. ends of the rodand jaw being seen in elevation; -Figure 8 is a detailed, fragmentary perorjaws a v a a '30 Figure 9 is a view similar to Figure 3 of a a slightly modified embodiment whereinethe lines of contact are ,providedlby the polysided bore of the handle as. the reverse of thepolysided rod. 1 Pi 1 In the industrial art of slide hammers,*it

has been common. practice to provide a. rod

and a hammer slidingly mounted thereon i and retained against detachmentfrom the rod with parts so constructed andlocated 9 0 as tojenable the hammer to contact after sliding movement andfthereby deliver a hammer blow to thecontacted part, which part is customarily either the rod itselfor a detent carried thereby, and such; common v practice has included the ,employmentof' .jprojecting claws and return hooks. In the return: hook type, it-h-asibeen'proposed to employ thehook for fwithdrawing objects,

such' as-cotter pins, under-hammer blow's,

but in the instances of such proposed ar-- rangement the hook has been offset laterally of the shaft or rod, and the withdrawing stresshas, therefore, been delivered not only I off-center but subject to a certain degree of torque incident to the off-center condition which largely detracts from the, force of the withdrawing or retra'ctileblow, so that the proposed devices have not been adapted heretofore to the removal of parts requiring a very substantial stress for'detac'hment,

such as the removal offrozen or seized gears, nor has any provision heretofore been proposed, so far as known tome, for adapting the'hook or other parts of a slide hammer for engagement with anysuch gears or like parts offering but a minimumopportunity of accessibility and requiring very substantial stress for removal. The'present invention provides facilities 1 foradapting a slide hammer for efl'ective use in the removal of difficultly accessibleparts requiring substantial stressesfor detachment.

- nails.

, the rod 1 by-swaging,'asby the operation of a" machine quite similarilto that common- 1y. employed as a'lheader for .screws and It has heretofore been proposed in slide :hammer" construction toapply a nut threaded onto the hammer shaft-to receive theblows of theaslide' hammer, but my experience-over a wide rangeof actual practice has convinced me that threads will'not endure continued or repeated use as: the

shocks and stresses invariably and all too 'soon'either strip the threads or crystallize them, or otherwise cause the nut .to loosen and :come off, and I-myself haveproposed heretofore to anchor a shoulder or knob corresponding to the knob 3v by, swaging ,a reduced-shank .of' the :rod extending through the knob, but even this latter construction has'not been satisfactory and :in somefin stances has, given way and allowed. release Yofthe knob. Obviously, as soon-asthe knob is detached. from the rod or shaft, of the hannner, the hammer becomes utterly useless for-"its intended purpose Thus, I findthe integral formation of theI -shaft,;as by the swagingof a knob 3,-the mostdependable andmost nearly permanent-mode of construction. In this connection, however,

,will ,be. noted that the hammer 2 cannot be applied onto thehammer rod after'the head or .kn'ob- 3 has been formed when the parts are constructed as seen in Figure 1, because of the obstruction at the opposite end of the rod, and when the hammer is constructed as seen in Figure 1, special provision must be made for accommodating the inconvenience of the presence of the hammer 2 on the rod during the swaging up operation which produces the knob 3. This difiiculty is overcome in the embodiment seen in F igure 6, as will be later pointed out.

At the oppositeen'd of rod 1 from knob 3,

the material of the rod is flattened to a thinness affording adaptability for introduction into slots, spaces or openings which are relatively thin, and the flattened portion is bent into an offset or loop 4 and then extended laterally in the. form of prongs 5,-5, the said terminal portion beingbifurcated to provide axis of rod 1, whereby hammer stressesex erted on such work willbe delivered substan tially in the line of and continuous of the corresponding axis of such work. (See Figure 2.) l 1 Asclearly seen from Figures 3. and 4, the

borev of hammer-2 through which the. rod 1 extendsis cylindrical, so that at. all places it presents curved surface to the'rod and the rod being polysided presents the meeting edges of its several faces as spaced lines for contact. It should be"apparent,particularly from Figure 4-, that the curvedsurface of the bore of hammer 2 cannot contact with more than two of these lines at one time,and thus thefrictional resistanceof one body: sliding upon another is reduced to the absolute minimum. V The bore is made sufiicientlylarge for free play of the hammer on the rod, but the fact that curved surfaces engage nierelongitudinal lines of contact precludesanysuch binding action as frequently occurs where a cylindrical sleeve rides on a; cylindrical rod and is tilted laterally relative to the rod. I

Furthermore, the curved wall of the bore of the hammer is not only spaced from all parts of the rodexcept for the twolines of (ion tact. during actual operation but from time 'to time the said curved walls naturallycontact at different places socthat there is:no likelihood of the wearing of grooves into the wall ofthe bore: of the hammer. Furthermore,.the rod 1 and its connectedpartsas above described, and the hammer are all carepreventing such wear as .to appreciably in: crease the width of the lines oficontact' between the sleeve hammer and the rod In this connection it should be borne in.

mind that as a matter of inexpenslveness and convenience'of manufacture, the rod .1 is

provided for the sliding engagement of the sleeve hammer and wide surface contact is accordinglyavoided; In Figure 9:is seen the slide sleeve hammer 2a mounted on the slide hammer'rod 1a, the rod being cylindrical instead of polysided, and the bore of the hammer being provided with the edges affording the individual and narrow lines of contact, as by forminga polysided bore 2?) within the sleeve hammer 2a. '-While the costof eonstructing the sleeve hammer 2a, and, therefore, the cost of constructing thewhole device after. the manner seen in Figure 9, is substantially greater than that of the structure seen in Figure 1, the operation will be substantially identical. The hammer is adapted for almost i11- numerable'uses, suchas the freeing of stuck valves, removal of small gears'and-pulleys,

including timing gears and sprockets, the removal of rusted brake cam rods, the withdrawal of shackle bolts, the detaching of instances necessary, 'to' rotate the hammer, from one sideof the part to the other between mainbearing caps, and practically an endless list of other devices. 'When freeing upstuck valves, particularly of the overhead type, the jaw or part made up of=prongs5 and the connection therebetween is placed under the'spring retainer between two of the helices of the spring, and an up-thrust is imparted to the sleeve'hammer Q, which,'on striking the knobor shoulder 3, delivers a lifting blow on the valve. If the valve is not released, the blow is repeated until the valve returns to its normal position, and if the valve then'shows a"tendency'to-stick,r repeating the hammer blow action under the conditions stated will cause the valve stem to free itself in theguide and furtherdifficulty with the valve 'Will cease. With valves of the L-head' type of motors, the jaw of the present improved slide hammer is inserted under the'head of the valve, andthe operation is then carried out as just stated. To remove small gears or pulleys, the generator,

starter, distributor, or other lnechanical'part is firmly held as in a vise, and the jawsare inserted behind the part being removed, and then the hammeringoperation is carried out until the gear'or pulley i's'detachedc Inre moving timing gearsand sprockets, or any other parts which ,must be withdrawn :accurately axially, it is desirable, and, in most alternating blows, and in this Way thevvithdrawalm'ov'ement is kept substantiallyuniform. To 'removerruste'd brake camurods,

the carwheel is removed, and the brake cam I preferably saturated with a good solvent oil,

and then the jaws of tlie hainmer areiintro duced behind thecamand the withdrawal movement accomplished,- as above stated.

Shackle bolts can :be; removedwthrough the 7 Oil doorways commonly providedin the:r un-- ning board splash apr'on though theEboltis' are not thus accessible tothe-ordinary ham;

mer ortwo previously provided instruments.

In removing engine main bearings which-are embedded or of thefiush type,; two of! the bolts removed fromthe pan should be'threadi ed firmly into each part, and. the aws ofithe hammerfshould then be; introduced back! of the head of the first one-of the bolts and then the other alternately While, delivering ham mer, blows successivelyso that theucapwill be slipped out ofthe socket in a straightline, Many other advantageous usesexist forpthe be found from timetotime. :3

presentimproved hammerfand others will".

preferably approximately one-fourth thick as the thickness of the shank ,or rod-1,. and it is especially desirable thajta com v paratively thin jaw be provided, as shown,

to enable access between gears and other places: where the clearance is reducedor otherwise very slight.

In Figures 6, :7, and: 8cthe samel identical parts are illustrated as above described, andare, therefore given the same reference nu merals with theunderstanding that the fore,

going description appliesequally except that the rodvl is made in two sections whichar e rendered easily detachable but firmly and;effectively locked together during use; The

jaw 5 with its lateral loop tibec'omes a detachable tool by formingthe rod l into sepa-f V rable sections joined byhaving each, section I provided with a recess-7 and an outstanding portion 8 adapted to snugly fitthe recess, 7

of the other section." The parts 7 andr8 are readily brought laterally: together and are preferably proportioned to'have a verysnug,

tight fit; A lockingi sleeve "9 is preferably slipped onto the main portion ofrod lrbefore the interlock 7 and 8 is broughttogether, and when the interlock is brought together,iiso

that the tool is thusconnected toqthe rod,lthe

sleeve 9 is moved down over thejo'int between the two sections, as clearlyfindicated Fig scribed with respectto the": structure seen in the structure seenvin Figure 1 desires to use .ure 6, and the sleeve thus[eflectivelywserves to supplement thefconnection andlock the parts togethera SOfthat the resulting structure] is adapted for all purposes to function as dehis' 'hammer for tamping purposes, as for tap-ping a gear back onto a shaft'where the r driving fit requires some vsubstantial pressure, hemay place the flat, exposed face'of the jaw against the gear and then strike the. curved part ofthe loop 4: with the end of sleeve hammer 2. This, of course',delivers a reverse stress from that generally intended "for the functioning of the hammenor, in

other words,'it delivers a direct hammering stress, and this sometimes is deslred as a mat 7 ter off avoiding the necessity for other tools for that purpose. When such tamping ac-v 'tion is needed with the structure asseen in 15 Figure 6, the sleeve 9 will move under the tapping of sleeve hammer 2 down into a seated position against the curve of the loop Ar -and willremain there offering its upper end as a circular shoulder orseat against whichthe sleeve hammer 2 may act, and thus the tamping blows may be delivered effectively at as'high pressure as required without danger of injuring the parts. The movement of the sleeve Qcan be avoided by placing the sleeve in the first place down against the curve where it can move no further outwardtoward the jalw,'and the sleeve of course is of sufiicient length to still remain overlapping the upper end of the coupled joint between-the two sections of the rod.

' It willbe readily observed that bythe pro vision of a detachable coupling several advantages are gained. Should one of the V prongs of'jaw 5 break, or any other injury the head 3 is to be formed will occur to the tool part,'a' new jaw or tool may be supplied and it is also feasible-to; apply other forms of tools, such as may beffound desirable, for use in connection with the action of the slide hammerzeither for direct hammer blows or for retracting hammer blows." m i Furthermore, there is'a direct combinative relation between the integral knob or shoul- I der 8 and the detachable feature of the jaw 5, because by virtue of the jaw 5 being made detachable, that part of'therod 1 on which be introduced into the swaging machine or header, and the shoulder-or knob 3 formed up Without having the sleeve hammer 2 present, and also in the absence of the sleeve 9 and the jaw 5. 1 These parts mayv readily be applied after the swagr ing operation; Furthermore, with, this detachable coupling arrangement, the tool or jaw may (be readily diflferently: tempered from the tempering of the main portion of the rod, according to the work to be performed.

:It will be readily understood that the sleeve 9'is held frictionally against displacement,-being proportioned to snugly engage the rod 1, but to be capable of, movement when tapped with a hammer. IAn appropriate'detent to prevent creeping of the sleeve 9, not illustrated, may be provided, {(such as a bearing-ball embedded in the rod and outstanding laterally thereof sufficiently to frictionally resist but not prohibit driven movement of the sleeve) but my observation covering thousands of hammers provided with the sleeve 9 is thatthe sleeveunderall ordinary conditions of userernains'in' place under its own' frictional engagement with the rod itself withoutflthe requirement ofa. sup: plementing detent;

This application isa continuation. in; part of my co-opending application Serial N0. 466,288, filed July 7,1930, this, application being presented to enable a full disclosure and a more'complete and accurate showing of matters partly omitted fromvand. partly in:

sufliciently set forth in my said co-pending application, which matters were part of my invention and successfully used by me in the United States prior to the filing of said co pending application and omitted fromand insufiicientlyishown therein because of my unfamiliarity with the requirements'for de tailed disclosure in a patent application, W'hatis claimedis:- .1 1; In slide'h'ammer construction, the'combination of arod havinga stoptoreceive'a' hammer blow, and a hammer slidingly mounted on the rod todeliver such hammer blow, larly or rotate relative to the rod, and the the hammer being free to move angusliding engagement between the hammer and I rod being limited to spaced lines of contact.

- 2. The c'ombinationas claimedin claim 1 whereinone of the two parts is formed with a plurality of edges providing the said lines of contact. r 3. The combinationras adapted to be engaged by said curved surface,

6. In'slide hammer: construction, the combination of a polysided rod having a stop, and a sleeve hammer mounted on the rod to cooperate with 1 said stop, the bore of the sleeve hammer being formed With a curved surface presented to the edges of the rod produced by the meeting-of its multiple sides.

7. The combination as claimed in claim '1 wherein the rodand hammer are tempered sufficiently to resist Wearalongthe lines of contact and to proportionally reduce frictional engagement alongisaidlines. i 8. In' slide hammer construct'on,

claimed in claim 1' wherein the hammer 1s a sleeve surroundlng e binatlon of a rod having a stop to receivea hammer blow and a sleeve hammer slidingly and rotatively engaging the rod to move along the same to deliver a hammer blow to said stop, one ofthe adjacent surfaces between the hammer. and the rod being circular transversely oftherod and the other being polysided to present spaced longitudinal ed es of contact, Y

n testimony whereof I aflix my signature.

HARRY GAIL KR-EIS.

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