US1903379A

US1903379A - Hanging door

Info

Publication number: US1903379A
Application number: US415205A
Authority: US
Inventors: Hall Bicknell
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1929-12-19
Filing date: 1929-12-19
Publication date: 1933-04-04
Anticipated expiration: 1950-04-04

Description

April4,193s. l BH'ALL 15,303,379v HANGING DOOR. i

Filed Dec. 19, 1929 2 sheets-sheet 1 1x-m14, 1933.- BHALL, v 1,903,379

HANGING DoR Filed De. 19, 1929 2 Sheets-sheet 2 I afm? pgn 5/ Patented Apr. 4,'1933v UNITED STATES* PATENT OFFICE EIGENELL HALL. or' GLOUCESTER, MASSACHUSETTS HANGING DOOR Application med necemb'er 19, 1929. 'serial 11o. 415,205.

This invention relates to the hanging. of Y doors, and a primary object of the invent1on ,is to provide a hingin means which may be mounted in the door Joint so as to be conembodiment thereof shown by way of ex-` ample in the accompanying drawings, where- 2o in;

Fig. 1 is a rear elevation of the body hinge pillar and door hinge pillar of an automobile body, the right hand or olf pillar being shown, vand. wit part of the door pillar I broken away;

Fig. 2 is a section 011 a larger scale in the plane of the line 2-2 of Fig. l showing the door in open position. Parts are shown iny this and the following sections which are omitted in Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a similar view in the plane of the line 3-3;

Fig. 4 is a view similar to Fig. 3 showing the door in closed position;

Fig. 5 is an elevation of a hinge' detached and in expanded or open position;

Fig. 6-is a perspective diagram; and Fig. 7 is a sectional detail, showing-in exaggerated manner a feature of construction. Referring to the drawings, I have shown in Fig. 1 a body hinge pillar 7 of an aut-o.-

mobile body, herein the cowl pillar; on which' is hung the door hinge pillar 9 of a door pro- .vided with the customary overlap iange 11 (see Figs. 2 and 3). I have herein shown the door as hinged to swing on a center line or hinge axis which in the upper part of the body lies inwardly of the exterior surface thereof but which on account of `the turnunder of the vehicle, which existsbecause such a body is narrower at the sills than at the belt, lies exteriorly of saidouter surface l at lthe lower part of the body, as illustrated in Fig. 1. I have herein shown the top hinge 13 and central or belt hinge 15 as being of 55 a type devised by Frederick J. Kubler, of New York city, and embodying (see Fig.4 2)

a leaf 15 secured lto the door pillar 9 and a cooperating leaf 17' secured to the body pillar 7 and having its proximal portion offset into o i the plane ofleaf 15 providing a neck 19 into which the overlap flange 11 turns in the opening movement of the door, the body pillar being suitably recessed asshown to pass the flange 11 in its turning movement. The cen- 65 ter line defined by these hingesis inward of the exterior surface of the door.-

In accordance with my invention I provide a hinge for the lower part of the door at the location of the turn-under which may be received in the door joint and thus concealed' when the door is closed but which has an inherent law of motion about the same-center line as the upper hinges, that is, a center line exterior to the hinge and to the body, so that the lower portion of the door is supported and guided in its swinging movement apart from the support and guide provided by the upper hing f n In the embodiment of my-invention shown, for reasons of constructional sim licity the hinge for the lower portion of t e door is symmetrical about central vertical and horizontal 1planes although it will be apparent when t e present description is concluded that such const-ructionV is not necessary.

Herein (see Fig. 5) the hinging means is organized as a unltary structure or hinge and .comprises two attaching

plates

21 and 23 similar to ordinary hinge butts which may be secured by screws or. other means to the body pillar and door pillar respectively and which support and are connected by a pair of oppositely disposed toggles. Herein an upper toggle comprises links or

arms

25 and 27 .95 hinged to plates21 and 23 along

oblique axes

29 and 31 respectively and pivoted together on an oblique axis 33. As shown in Fig. 1, the axes converge in suchmanner that if prolonged they would intersect a horizontal line lo drawn through a point P in the center line of the upper hinges, which is also the center of motion of the hinge about to be described.

4 Vat least one pair of corresponding pivots of The second

toggle embodying arms

35 and 37 has the

oblique axes

39 and 41 by which it is connected .to the jamb and door and its links or arms lare connected by pivot 43.

These links likewise converge to a point, in

the center -line as indicated in Fig. l, but are oppositely arranged to the pivots of the other toggle in such manner that the elements of mits the links to be counterparts one of another. The links or arms of the toggles are made of suitable shape and dimension to be housed in the door joint, as illustrated in Fig. l, and their

opposed edges

45 and 47 are formed at such an angle as to permit the door to move to open position,at which time these edges approach one another toward the position shown -in Fig. 5.

Having Ythus described in a general way the physical elements of the particular embodiment of the invention illustrated, the principles embodied therein will be readily understood by reference to the diagram of F igi 6. Referring to that diagram, I have there shown three pivotal axes DG, EH and .FJ disposed to converge at a point P. The

axes DG and FJ each constitute an element `of a cone whose apex is at P, and they may be of equal inclination forming elements of one cone whose base is M as shown. If the toggle formed by joining these axes is permitted to expand and collapse, the axes always `intersect whatever the positions of the parts. Thus if DG is'xed, FJ may roll around the cone, revolving about the point P. The inclination of EH will vary but itv will still gyrate about P. The relative movement 05E the pivots and that which would be leffected if the hinge detached were collapsed andopened in the hands is a gyratory movement of vall three, lall revolving about P. Thus a door mounted on FJ could move in a circle about the centerline CP. Movement of the axis FJ in the surface of the vertical right coneshown in the diagram, however, presupposes that all the three pivots partake of the hinging movement and that it is not concentrated in any one of them, forv obviously any one or two of the pivots could be held without preventing turning of the other. The proper movement may be effected and the door eliciently supported-.by utilizing an adjacent -oppositely disposed toggle whose pivots operate in a cone or cones having the same axis but upside down with respect to the cone shown in the diagram (Fig..6) The movement of one toggle tending to displace the point P from the vertical center line shown is balanced and resisted by the action of the other toggle,

. the tendency of which is to act in the other direction. Thus the parts corresponding to the pivots FJ will roll about a vertical cone and the door attached thereto will swing about the vertical center line CP.

I have herein described and shown, more particularly in Fig. 4, pivots 29 and` 31 which are disposed parallel toone another in the closedposition of the hinge and which hence do not intersect at a point in the center line. Their position corresponds to the lines DK and FL in the diagram which when produced are tangent at Q, and R respectively to a circle about the point P, the diameter of which is -equal to the distance between the centers of

pivots

29 and 31 in the closed position of the door in Fig. 4. The plane PRCF coincides with the plane PCF lsince they have the lines PC and CF in common, and the door carried by the pivot FL (and the corresponding oppositely arranged pivot) will swing about the center line as in .the caseof theJ inclined pivot FJ. As the door opens, thezline FR gyrates about the center line CP, always tangent to the circle whose center is at P, as will` be clear from Fig. 4, and thus revolving about the point P although at a iixed distance therefrom. The links DKHE and FLHE correspond to the

links

25 and 27 respectively of the hinge shown, and Fig. 6fprovides a'diagram of the upper toggle of the other gures.

'The inclination of the various pivots of the toggles may widely vary but are conformed asnearly as possible to the vertical rather than to the horizontal `in order to support the door against sagging'movement.

hinge illustrated in the lThe form andshape of the links may likewise be varied as structural convenience may 4dictate and to accommodate them to the shape and dimensions lof the. door joint in' being received between lateral knuckles, as,l

51, on the other and the pintle', as 33, hasla binding t in the central knuckle 49 anda turning lit in the lateral knuckles. The looseness in the latter is, of course,.enormously exaggerated in Fig. 7 One. link thus turns on the other as on trunnions, and the bearing surface of the pivotal joint isas wide as the links permit. 'This contributes to the rigidity of support and accuracy of movement afforded by the hinge as a whole.

The edges and 47 of the opposed toggles may be arranged as shown in the drawings so that they approach each other in the expanding movement of the toggles, and they are preferably made to contact one with another, as illustrated in Fig. 5, to limit the swinging movement of the door and mutually to preient one another from coming to dead center. The angle of the toggles in their open position, as shown in Fig. 3, may provide for receiving the overlap flange 11 of the door in its open position as shown. The hinge constructed in this manner forms an eiiicient and rugged door stop.

I am aware that the invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof, and I therefore desire the present embodiment to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive; reference being had to the appended claims rather than to the foregoing description to indicate the scope of the invention.

I claim: -f

1. Means for hing'ing a closure to swing about' an exterior axis comprising a pair of adjacent toggles, each toggle having la central pivot which produced intersects said axis and terminal pivots which revolve about said intersection, said toggles being oppositely arranged. l

2. Means for hinging a closure to swing about an exterior axis comprising a pair of adjacent toggles, each toggle having a central pivot which produced intersects said axis and terminal pivots which revolve about said intersection, all said pivots being oblique to said axis at angles less than 45, said toggles being oppositely arranged.

3. Means for hinging a closure to swing about an exterior axis comprising a pair of adjacent toggles, each toggle having a central pivotwhich produced intersects said axis and terminal pivots which revolve about said intersection, said toggles being oppositely, arranged and lwhen expanded contacting one with another to limit opening movement of the door. l

4. Means for hinging a closure to swing about an exterior axis comprising two toggles having pivots oblique to said axis and converging for gyratory movement thereabout, a pair of corresponding pivots in the two toggles being mutually transverse one to thev other, the axes of the pivots intersecting in a plane between said toggles.

5. Means for hinging a closure to swing about an exterior axis comprising two toglles received in the door joint and having corresponding axes mutually transverse to support and direct the closure in its swin ing movement, said toggles in their expanding movement contacting to prevent their reaching dead center and to check the swinging movement of the closure.

7. Means for hinging a closure to swing' about an exterior axis comprising two oppositely arranged toggles received in the door joint and each having its pivots disposed obliquely to said axis and converging for gyratory movement about a point therein.

8. Means for controlling swinging movement of a closure comprising a pair of adjacent oppositely arranged toggles, each toggle having its pivots converging for gyratory movement about a point in the axis of swinging movement, said toggles when expanded mutually contacting one with another to limit the swinging movement.

9. In a concealed hinge, two pairs of links, the links of each pair being pivoted to each other and respectively to jamb and hinge style, the axes of said pairs being relatively angularly disposed to support the closure and to enforce swinging movement thereof about an exterior axis, said pairs in the' opened or expanded position thereof mutually engaging one another to provide a stop and mutually preventing one another from reaching dead center.

In testimo-nyvwhereof, I have signed my name to this specification.

BICKNELL HALL.