US1901763A - Intake manifold - Google Patents

Description

A. MOORE .March 14, w33.

INTAKE MANIFOLD Filed Nov. 19, 1.927 2 Sheets-Sheet l ITIIIIIIIII x INVENTOR f/y/f? #7m/4@ ATTORNEYS March 14, 1933. I A, MOORE 1,901,763

INTAKE MANIFOLD Filed Nov. 19. 1927 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 BY l y/f@ wd/ Jaim/Led ATTORNEYS- Patented Mar. 14, 1933 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE ARLINGTON MOORE, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO MAXMOOR CORPORATION, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE INTAKE MANIFOLD Application led November 19, 1927.

My invention relates to means for conducting a fuel charge to the several cylinders of an internal combustion engine, and the same has for its object more particularly to provide a simple, compact and efli cient device which effects an economy in the delivery of said charge t0 the several cylinders, and .improves the operation of the engine.

Further, said invention has for its object to provide a device of the character specified which serves to uniformly distribute the fuel charge to the several cylinders with the constituents thereof in the desired proportions.

Further, said invention has for its object yto provide a device of the character specilied in which the same is constructed to accelerate the movement of the fuel charge to the more remote of the cylinders and effect the delivery thereof to all of the cylinders at approximately thesame velocity.

Further, said invention has for its ob- ,ject to provide a device of the character specied in which the mea-ns serving to ac celerate the passage of the fuel charge through the manifold also tends toprevent the condensation of portions of the fuel .charge upon the walls of the manifold and to reduce the tendency thereof to load, whereby to effect at all engine speeds the delivery to the several cylinders of fuel charges quantitatively and qualitatively the same.

Further, said invention has lfor its object to provide a device of the character specified .in which the branches thereof are constructed to effect delivery of the charge mixture into the cylinders by a ramming action.

Further, said invention has for its object to provide a device of the character specified in which the bases of certain of the branches thereof are constructed to allow adequate drainage of precipitated fuel towards the center and effect a relatively slight progressive decrease in the cross-sectional area of the branches as a whole towards the outer ends thereof for maintaining the desired charge velocity.

Further, said invention has for its ob- Serial No. 234,417.

ject to provide a device of the character specified in which the branches thereof are constructed to maintain a straight line ow of the charge to the cylinders.

Further, said invention has for its object 5 to provide a device of the character specified in which the passages thereof are designed to compensate for differences in distance of travel of the charge for obtaining uniform charge distribution to the cylinders Without sacrifice of volumetric efficiency.

Other objects will in part be obvious, and in part be pointed out hereinafter.

To the attainment of the aforesaid objects and ends my invention consists in the novel features of construction7 and in the combination, connection and arrangement of parts hereinafter more fully described and then pointed out in the claims.

lVhen the ordinary manifold in use is employed, there is a marked tendency when operating at speeds Where loss of fuel by condensation on the manifold walls is not a material factor for the cylinders fed from center port to receive an excessively lean T5- mixture While the cylinders fed from the end ports receive a mixture which is excessively rich. This condition is aggravated because the incoming charge picks up condensed fuel from the intake manifold walls, and C particularly in the longer branches where the tendency to condense is greater. The condensation or loading up of fuel in the intake manifold takes place principally during periods of low speed operation. The ac- S5 cumulated or condensed fuel swept into the engine cylinders, especially when the throttlc is opened for acceleration, causes waste of fuel, oil dilution, non-uniform distribution with temporary over-richness of the mixture 9 in certain of the cylinders, and other detrimental effects.

.Vhile various expedients have been resorted to in order to obviate these defects, none of them has proved very successful. My invention secures uniform distribution of the fuel charge to the several cylinders resulting in more eiiicient application of power to the crank shaft which produces smooth engine operation.

In the drawings forming part of this specification Fig. 1 is a horizontal sectional view show ing one form of manifold constructed according to and embodying my said invention;

Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view thereof;

Fig. 3 is a cross-section on the line 3-3, of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a plan view showing the manifold in place on the engine; and

Fig. 5 is an enlarged detail sectional view thereof.

Reference character 10 (Figs. 4 and 5) designates the cylinder block of an internal combustion engine containing cylinders 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, combustion chambers 14, intake valves 16, cylinder head 18 and spark plugs 20.

The intake manifold 22 herein illustrated is for a six cylinder engine having intake ports 24 in sets of pairs in the cylinder block 10.

The manifold 22 as shown for a six cylinder engine has three branches, a short middle branch 23 leading substantially direct to cylinders 3 and 4, and two longer branches 26, 2-8 of elbow formation extending laterally to the end cylinders 1 and 2 and 5 and 6 respectively. lith cylinder blocks designed for receiving only two intake manifold branches, the center branch 23 is omitted. lith the form shown, riser 30 leads upward to connect with the manifold at substantially the middle thereof and immediately below the entrances to its several branches, and at this point a mixing or diffusion chamber 31 is provided from which the mixture is supplied to all the manifold branches.

The passage of the riser 30 leading from the usual carburetor or other source of charge supply which can be attached to the flange 32, is preferably of uniform crosssection, but the passage may be of decreasing cross-section, if desired.

The straight-in passage 35 of the branch 23 from the opening or entrance 34 thereto to the bore passage 24 in the cylinder block gradually increases in cross-sectional area, substantially as shown, to permit of the ex* pansion of said charge in the passage 35, and retard the velocity thereof.

The branches 26 and 28 going to the end cylinders have enlarged entrance areas 26a and 28a thereto from the diffusion chamber 31, as compared to the area of the opening 34 to the middle branch 23, and their crosssectional area gradually decreases towards the elbow turns 38, 40 in such branches to cause an increase in the velocity of the fuel charged as the same approaches said elbows 38, 40, and in this way the charge mixture can be delivered to the elbows 38, 40, which constitute secondary entrances to the straight-in passages 42, 43 leading to the end pairs of cylinders.

The cross-sectional area of said branches at the elbows 38 and 40 is substantially the same as the cross-sectional area of the entrance 34 to the central branch 23, and the portions 42'and 43, similar in construction, function, and size to the branch 23, likewise increase in cross-sectional area towards the outer ends thereof to provide outlets from the manifold substantially equal in area to the opening at the outer end of the branch 23.

The branches 26 and 28 each preferably comprises a semi-cylindrical upper portion 44 of substantially uniform cross-section from the inner end thereof to the elbow thereof, and a relatively constricted channel portion 46 at the base tnereof merging into the upper portion 44 and likewise extending from the inner end of the branch into the elbow thereof and gradually decreasing in cross-sectional area towards said elbow. The channel portions 46 ointly with the upper portions 44 form passages providing the relatively large entrances 26a, 28a and gradually decreasing in cross-sectional area to said elbows 38 and 40.

The horizontal portions 44 of the branches are of uniform cross-section and constitute thev major portions of the branches. The decrease in cross-sectional area of each branch 26, 28 as a whole is effected or determined by the lesser complementary portion 46 having the center line or axis thereof at an inclination relative to the axis of the upper portion 44. Adequate slope for drainage is thus provided at the base and the rate of decrease in cross-sectional area of the branch as a whole can be and is made less than that of the portion 46, the decrease in cross-sectional area of the branch as a whole being relatively slight, and the slope of the portions 46 being adequate to allow drainage of precipitated fuel towards the center of the manifold.

Further, the centers of the successive cross-sectional areas of said passages, formed by said upper and lower portions 44 and 46 jointly, lie on lines A extending outwardly and upwardly, so that the charge entering the manifold readily defiects into the branches 26 and 28 through said enlarged openings 260., 28a without unduly retarding the passage thereof. Said channel portions 46 also provide means for the return of any condensed portions of the charge towards the riser 30.

The channel portions 46 also serve to oppose spiral movement of the charge as the same passes through the longer passages, and maintain said charge in a straight line of travel so that the frictional elfects of the walls of the manifold thereon are reduced. The condensation of quantities of the charge iio CLI

'upon the Walls of the manifold due to the centrifugal movement of the fuel charge is also reduced. Further, the slight difference in velocity between the portions of the charge passing through the channel 46 and the portion 44 respectively induces a beneficial turbulent movement of the charge.

The elbows 38, 40 of the lateral branches going to the end cylinders are preferably formed so as to minimize friction and charge retardation incident to change of direction, and in addition to extending the drainage canals 46 in the floor of the manifold passages in a curve past the elbow turns as indicated at 48, 50,7Fig. l, l also form a groove or track around the inner surface of the outer part of 'the elbov7 part of the bore, as indicated at 52, thus minimizing frictional resistance to the charge travel as it passes around the elbowv portion of the branch.

ln operation, the fuel charge enters the chamber 3l and is delivered to the entrances 26a, 28a and 34 at substantially the same velocity. The tapered branches 26 and 23 serve to accelerate the movement of the charge as the same approaches the elbows 38 and 40 and thus reduce the retarding effects of friction thereon. rlhe construction above described .therefore delivers the fuel charge to the entrances 34, 38 and 4() of the several portions 23, 42, 43 at substantially the same velocity and in substantially the same quantities. As the fuel charge enters the portions 23, 42, 43 expansion thereof takes place, and, When the intake valves 16 open, the inertia of the mass of fuel charge at the inner portions of the branches acting on the expanding portions of the charge entering the cylinders causes the charge to be effectively received, or, as l desire to call this action, rammed into the cylinders Without loss of volumetric eiiciency.

The tapering formation of the longer branches 26 and 28, because of the resulting velocityT of the charge passing therethrough, serves to maintain the particles of fuel in suspension and appreciably reduces the amount of condensation thereof.

However, when the condensed liquid is present in the channels 46, the charge mixture moving in the opposite direction over it, produces a surface vaporizing effect thereon and causes the same to be deliverec as part of the vaporized charge to the proper cylinders, thereby reducing the quantity of fuel Which persists in a liquid and unvaporized state' The floors of all the straight-in branch portions 23, 42 and 43 also preferably slope back from the valve ports toward the inlets thereinto so as to dra-in back any condensed liquid into the canals 46 and mixing chamber 3l.

The result is that the charge is delivered to the straight-in parts Y42, 43 of the lateral branches 26, 28 as effectively as the delivery thereof to the middle branch 23, the charge being uniformly distributed to the cylinders in substantially the proportions for which the carburetor is set.

l claim:

l. An intake manifold comprising a hollow member having an opening intermediate the ends thereof for supplying a fuel charge thereto, and including branches of unequal length having passages open at the outer ends thereof to permit of the egress `of said charge from the manifold; the passages of the longer of said branches decreasing in cross-sectional area from the inner ends thereof to intermediate points ,thereof and increasing in cross-sectional area from said points to the outer ends thereof; and the cross-sectional area of the most constricted portions of said longer branches being substantially equal to the cross-sectional area of the shorter of said branches at the entrance thereto.

2. An intake manifold comprising a hollow member having an opening intermediate the ends thereof for supplying a fuel charge` thereto, and including branches having passages open at the outer ends thereof to permit the egress of said charge from the manifold; certain of the passages of said branches decreasing in cross-sectional area from the inner end thereof to a point intermediate the ends thereof, and increasing in crosssectional area from said point towards the outer end thereof.

3. An intake manifold comprising a hollow member having an opening intermediate the ends thereof for supplying a fuel charge thereto, and including branches of unequal length having passages open at the outer ends thereof to permit of the egress of said charge from the manifold; and the passage of the longer of said branches having a larger cross-sectional area at its inner end than the area at the inner end of the shorter of said passages, and said longer passage decreasing in cross-sectional area towards the outer portions thereof.

4. An intake manifold comprising a hollovv member having an opening intermediate the ends thereof for supplying a fuel charge thereto, and including branches 'having passages open at the outer ends thereof to permit of the egress of said charge fromithe manifold; certain of the passages of said branches decreasing in cross-sectional area from the inner end thereof to a point intermediate the ends thereof and increasing in cross-sectional area from said point tou'ails the outer end thereof; and the cross-sectional area of said passage at the inner end thereof being greater than the cross-sectional area of said passage at the outer end thereof.

5. An intake manifold comprising a hollow member having an opening intermediate the ends thereof for supplying a fuel charge thereto and including branches having passages open at the outer ends thereof to permit of the egress of said charge from the manifold; certain of said branches having an elbow bend therein, and the passage thereof decreasing in cross-sectional area from the inner end thereof to the elbow thereof, and increasing in cross-sectional area from said elbow to the outer end thereof.

6. An intake manifold comprising a hollow member having an opening intermediate the ends thereof for supplying a fuel charge thereto and including branches of unequal length having passages open at the outer ends thereof to permitof the egress of said charge from said manifold; he outer ends of said several passages having substantially the same cross-sectional area; antl the longer of said branches having elbow bends therein, and the passages thereof d creasing in cross-sectional area from the inner ends thereof to the elbows thereof, and increasing in cross-sectional area from said elbows to the outer ends; and the inner end of each passage of said longer branches having a larger cross-sectional area than the entrance of the shorter of said branches.

7. An intake manifold comprising a hollow member having an opening intermediate the ends thereof for supplying a fuel charge thereto, and including'branches extending outwardly from said intermediate opening and having openings at the outer ends thereof to permit of the egress of said charge; certain of said branches having a channel portion projecting freni the base thereof, and providing with the upper portions thereof passages decreasing in cross-sectional area towards the end portions thereof and having the centers of the successive cross-sectional areas thereof lying on a line extending outwardly and upwardly to facilitate the movement of said charge into the branch thereof.

8. An intake manifold comprising a hollow member having an opening intermediate the ends thereof for supplying al fuel charge thereto, and including branches open at the outer ends thereof for the passage of said charge therefrom; certain of said branches having a channel portion at the base thereof extending from the inner end of the branch toward the outer portion thereof, and forming with the upper portion of the branch a passage decrrasing in cross-sectional area toward the outer portion thereof.

9. An intake manifold comprising a hollow member having an opening intermediate the ends thereof for supplying a fuel charge thereto, and including branches open at the outer ends thereof to permit of the egress of the charge therefrom; certain of said branches having a passage therethrough including a substantially semi-cylindrical upper portion of uniform cross-sectional area from the inner end thereof toward the outer portion thereof and a channel portion at the base thereof decreasing in cross-sectional area from its inner end towards its outer end and serving as a drainage canal for the return towards the center of the manifold of any portions of the charge deposited in said member, and to oppose spiral movement of the charge in said semi-cylindrical por tion as the said charge passes toward the egress opening thereof.

l0. An intake manifold comprising a hollow member having an opening intermediate the ends thereof for supplying a fuel charge thereto, and including branches open at the outer ends thereof to permit of the passage of said charge from the manifold; certain of said branches having a relatively constricted channel portion atthe base thereof extending from the inner end thereof to a point adjacent the outer end thereof, and serving to drain off any portion of said charge deposited in the manifold and return the same towards the center of the manifold; and said channel portion decreasing in cross-sectional area towards the outer end thereof and jointly with the remaining portion of the branch thereof forming a passage decreasing in cross-sectional area towards the outer port-ions of the branch thereof for accelerating the movement of the charge vas the same passes therethrough.

ll. An intake manifold comprising a hollow member having an opening intermediate the ends thereof for supplying a fuel charge thereto, and including branches open at the outer ends thereof to permit of the egress of said charge from the manifold; certain of said branches including a horizontally extending semi-cylindrical upper portion of uniform cross-section and a relatively constricted channel portion at 'the base thereof decreasing in cross-sectional area towards the outer end thereof; said upper and lower portions jointly forming a passage decrcasing in cross-sectional area towards the outer end thereof, and having the centers of the successive cross-sectional areas thereof lying on a line extending outwardly and upwardly from said intermediate opening.

l2. An intake manifold comprising a hollow member having an opening intermediate the ends thereof for supplying a fuel charge thereto, and including branches open at the outer ends thereof to permit of the egress of said chare from the manifold; certain of said branches having a passage decreasing in cross-sectional area from the inner end thereof to a point intermediate the ends thereof, and increasing in cross-sectional area therefrom to the outer end thereof; and the outer and inner portions of said passage having the lower wall portions thereof inclined downwardly from the outer end thereof to said intermediate opening.

13. An intake manifold comprising a hollow member having an opening intermediate the ends thereof for supplying a fuel charge thereto, and including branches open at the outer ends thereof to permiaof the egress of said charge from the manifold; certain of said branches having inner and outer portions arranged at an angle to each other; and the inner of said portions having a channel portion of reduced cross-section at the base thereof extending into said angularly related outer portion and decreasing in cross-sectional area towards the same, and said channeled portion decreasing in cross-sectional area towards the outer end thereof.

14. An intake manifold comprising a hollow member having an opening intermediate the ends thereof for supplying a fuel charge thereto, and including elbow branches open at the outer ends thereof to permit of the egress of said charge from the manifold; said branches having channel portions of reduced cross-section at the bases of the inner portions thereof extending to and decreasing in cross-sectional area towards the elbow portionsv thereof and providing passages decreasing in cross-sectional area from the inner ends thereof towards the elbows; said passages increasing in cross-sectional area from said elbows to the outer ends thereof.

15. An intake manifold for multi-cylinder internal combustion engines comprising a central chamber having an opening therein for supplying a fuel charge thereto, a central branch leading from said chamber to the central pair of cylinders and gradually increasing in cross-sectional area from the said chamber toward the valveI ports, and longer branches leading to the more remote cylinders and containing elbows, said last named branches decreasing in crosssectional area from said chamber to the elbows, and increasing in cross-sectional area from the elbows toward the valve ports.

16. An intake manifold for multi-cylinder internal combustion engines comprising a central chamber having an opening therein for supplying a fuel charge thereto, a central branch leading from said chamber to the central pair of cylinders and Oradiially increasing in cross-sectional area from the said chamber toward the valve ports, and longer branches leading to the more remote cylinders and containing elbows, said last named branches decreasing in crosssectional area from said chamber to the elbows, and increasing in cross-sectional area from the elbows toward the valve ports, and the cross-sectional area of the most constricted portions of said longer branches being` substantially equal to the cross-sectional area of the central branch at the entrance thereto, and the cross-sectional area of the outer ends of the several branches being substantially equal.

17. An intake manifold comprising a hollow member having an opening intermediate the ends thereof for supplying a charge mixture thereto, and including branches having elbows open at the outer ends thereof for the egress of the charge mixture, each of said branches from the inner end thereof to the elbow including an upper portion forming a part of the branch passage having a substantially uniform cross-sectional area and a lower portion substantially coextensive in length with the upper portion depending below the general outline thereof and merging therewith to form a complementary portion of the branch passage, said last named portion decreasing in cross-sectional area progressively toward the outer end thereof, whereby to decrease said branch passage in crosssectional area as a whole at a relatively lesser rate than the rate of decrease of the lower passa-ge portion.

18. An intake manifold comprising a hollow member having an opening intermediate the ends thereof for supplying a fuel charge thereto, and including branches open at the outer ends thereof to allow egress of said charge from the manifold, certain of said branches having inner and outer portions arranged at an angle to each other, and the inner of said portions having a lower part of progressively decreasing depth and cross-sectional area in the direction of and terminating substantially at the junction of the angularly related portions, and said lower part effecting a progressive decrease in the cross-sectional area of the inner portion of the branch as a whole in the direction towards the outer end thereof.

19. An intake manifold comprising a hollow member having an opening intermediate the ends thereof for supplying a charge mixture thereto, and including branches having elbows open at the outer ends thereof for the passage of the mixtiiie therefrom, the inner portions of each branch including an upper part of substantially uniform cross section from the inner end thereof to the elbow, the axis thereof being substantially a straight line, and a lower part coextensive with the upper part depending below the general outline thereof, and merging therewith, said lower part progressively decreasing in depth and crosssectional area towards the outer end thereof, and the axis thereof being substantially a straight line disposed at an inclination to the first named axis.

20. An intake manifold comprising a hollow member including branches having charge delivering portions at the ends there-k of and an intermediate opening for supplying a charge mixture thereto, each of said Vat the outer ends branches from the innerend thereof substantially to said charge delivering portion including an upper portion of substantially uniform cross-section and a lower portion depending below the general outline of said upper portion and merging therewith to form the branch passage, said lower portion decreasing in cross-sectional area towards the outer end thereof and determining the rate of decrease in cross-secti nal area of the branch passage a whole from the inner end thereof to said charge delivering portion.

2l. An intake manifold comprising a hollow member including branches having an intermediate opening for supplying a charge mixture thereto, each of said branches including an upper portion of substantially uniform cross-section forming a major part of the branch passage and a lower portion coextensive therewith depending below the general outline of said upper portion and merging therewith to form the remaining lesser part of said branch passage, said lower portion progressively decreasing in crosssectional area and depth towards the outer end of the branch to insure drainage of fuel towards the center of the manifold, and effect relatively slight progressive decrease in cross-sectional area of the branch passage as a whole in the direction towards the outer end thereof.

22. An intake manifold comprising a hollow member having an opening intermediate the ends thereof for supplying a fuel charge thereto, and including branches open at the outer ends thereof to allow the egress of the charge therefrom; certain of said branches including a substantially semi-cylindrical upper portion of uniform cross-sectional area from the inner end thereof toward the outer portion thereof and a complementary portion extending below the general outline of the upper portion and merging therewith, said complementary portion decreasing in cross-sectional area and depth from its inner end towards its outer end and serving to drain fuel towards the center of the manifold, and effect progressive decrease in crosssectional area of the branch passage as a whole in the direction towards the outer end thereof.

23. An intake manifold comprising a hollow member having an opening intermediate the ends thereof for supplying a fuel charge thereto, and including elbow branches open thereof to allow the egress of said charge from the manifold, certain of said branches including a horizontally extending semi-cylindrical upper portion of uniform cross-section from the inner end thereof to the elbow and a base portion substantially coextensive therewith extending below the general outline of the upper portion and merging therewith, said base portion decreasing in cross-sectional area towards the outer end thereof to form a branch passage decreasing in cross-sectional area as a. whole towards the outer end thereof.

24. An intake manifold comprising a hollow member having an opening intermediate the ends thereof for supplying a fuel charge thereto, and including branches terminating in elbows open at the outer ends thereof for the passage of the charge therefrom, said elbow branches from the inner ends thereof to the elbows each including an upper portion of uniform cross-sectional area having a coextensive channel portion at the base4 thereof merging with said upper portion, said channel portions decreasing in depth and cross-sectional area from the inner ends of the elbow branches to the elbows thereof and forming with said upper portions passages decreasing in cross-sectional area from the inner ends of said branches to said elbows thereof.

25. An intake manifold comprising a hollow member having an opening intermediate the ends thereof for supplying a charge mixture thereto and including a central short branch and longer lateral branches having elbows at the outer ends thereof, said lateral `,ranches from the entrances thereto to the elbows including upper portions of uniform cross-sectional area and lower portions merging with the upper portions and decreasing in cross-sectional area towards the outer ends thereof, and said lateral branches at the entrances thereto having a cross-sectional area greater than that at the inner end of the shorter branch, and at the elbows thereof having a cross-sectional area substantially the same as that at the inner end of said shorter branch.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name hereto.

ARLINGTON MOORE.

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