US1898333A - Clay working and conditioning - Google Patents
Clay working and conditioning Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1898333A US1898333A US576086A US57608631A US1898333A US 1898333 A US1898333 A US 1898333A US 576086 A US576086 A US 576086A US 57608631 A US57608631 A US 57608631A US 1898333 A US1898333 A US 1898333A
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- clay
- band
- conditioning
- rollers
- fuel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 title description 55
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 title description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 29
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001603 reducing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 2
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035900 sweating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28C—PREPARING CLAY; PRODUCING MIXTURES CONTAINING CLAY OR CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28C3/00—Apparatus or methods for mixing clay with other substances
Definitions
- This invention concerns the means for and the method of dosing the common soft raw material,clay for 1nstance,wh1ch is used in the manufacture of bricks, with a fuel, a reducing agent like ground coke in a solid form of fine grain. Attention has been given primarily to the object of suitablyintroducing the correct and necessary quantity of fuel into different clays, which are of poor or medium quality; the thoroughly mixed clay and fuel yield a stone during the firing process which has a much greater average quality than was heretofore obtained. Aside from a F greater resistivity such a stone has a compressive strength two or three times that of the ordinary stone, so that it approaches the strength of a clinker.
- the preferred fuel which I choose as an ingredient in my method is coke of a fine grain. Its reducing action during the firing process renders harmless the undesirable 1ngredients present in most common clay, such as calcium oxide, gypsum and sulphide, which bring about the dreaded sweating or bloom ing of the stone involving decomposition and eventual brittleness. I introduce only so much of the fuel as necessary for a complete firing of the stone, without bringing about porosity in the product.
- Every stone which has been intimately dosed with the reducing fuel, represents a small furnace by itself.
- the reduction during the firing process is exothermically prop agated from the outside of the brick to the very core thereof.
- the above mentioned harmful ingredients are completely evaporated so that the stone is cured throughout to clinker hardness.
- Another object of this invention is to enhance economy of .fuel consumption in the firing furnace, bringing about a increase in efficiency. Since by my means and method the fuel is intimately admixed to the clay, the evenly dispersed fuel is ignited in the furnace at a temperature of 450 oentigrade, and then takes place an even, exothermical heating of the stone to wide heat, to a temperature of 1000 centigrade. When a correspondingly strong draft is used, the fire in the oven is propagated much faster than when the coal or fuel gases pass over the surface of the stone.
- the firing from the outside may be limited to a low heat igniting the front row of stones, the balance of the stones igniting themselves, heating each of the stones to a wide heart above the 1000 centigrade.
- resulting ware is of best quality and may be applied to a great variety of uses.
- the uniform quality of theproduct of my invention provesto be an important factor in its marketability.
- Fig. 1 shows a partly sectioned front elevation of such machinery.
- Fig. 2 shows a corresponding side view.
- Fig. 3 shows a modification of the plant, a duplex arrangement, in a sectioned front View.
- Fig. 4 shows a sectional side view of the respective pugging mill.
- Fig. 5' shows, in a partly sectioned, sectional side view, the means introducing the conditioning ingredients.
- Fig. 6 shows a corresponding enlarged, partly sectioned end view. The top door is closed.
- the clay material is either directly fed into the machinery of my drawings, or fed thereto by a worm clay feeding machine or a spiral conveyor 11, which ends above the trough 12 and discharges the clay material thereinto.
- a conveyor is disposed transversely to my machinery, whereas it is longitudinally disposed in Fig. 3.
- the trough 12 is exemplarily shown to comprise the slanted sides 13, whereas the front and rear thereof are confronted by substantially vertical walls 14. These walls 14 extend downwardly from the trough, and also confront the ends of the rolling mills 15, 16.
- the rolling mills substantially close the bottom of trough 12. They are adjustable towards and away from each other, and are placed sufficiently close together, in order substantially to close the trough downwardly, between them.
- the rollers 15 and 16 are op positely rotatably,clockwise and counter clockwise respectively,journalled upon the sides 17 and 18 of the frame and are provided with sets of tight and loose driving pulleys 19 and 20, respectively.
- These pulleys, or by means of meshing gears they are rotated at a synchronous speed, so that they downwardly feed, between each other, the clay material, through the square opening formed by the end walls 14 and the rollers 15 and 16, where said rollers come closely to gether.
- the rollers 15 and 16 are set at such a distance, that, in conformity with the consistency, of the clay material, they feed the samewhile crushing large parts thereof-in form of a ribbon 21, of a substantially uniform rectangular cross-section, and at a linear speed corresponding substantially to the circumferential speed at which said rollers rotate.
- a hopper or hoppers 22 which serve to receive the conditioning ingredients 23.
- means may be provided for to keep these hoppers filled at all times to a certain level with said ingredients, or to keep them completely filled as indicated in Fig. 3.
- the hoppers are supported by and extending substantially between the frames 17 and 18; their width is therefore substantially equal to the width of the rollers 15 and 16. Downwardly, at their lower ends, the hoppers 22 are closed by trap doors 24. These doors comprise sets of transverse slides 25 which are provided with racks 26 upon their sides.
- the chutes 34 are directed towards the band 21. They either release the ingredients 23 directly onto the band 21 issuing from between the rollers 15 and 16. Or, as shown in the drawings, they issue onto rollers 37 and 38 (Fig. 3) or into the mixer 30, which is disposed below the rolling mills 15 and 16, and in which the ingredient 23 and the material of the band 21 are thoroughly mixed and kneaded, (Fig. 1).
- the trap door device of the hopper 22 may be relied upon uniformly to deliver the ingredient 23, and-uniformly to distribute it over the whole width of said hopper, when the ingredient 23 is of such uniform and fine consistency, that it flows as or like a liquid, it may be necessary, in order to procure, in dosing, an absolutely even feed of the ingredient over the whole width of my apparatus and to the exact width of band 21, an auxiliary, more positive feeding and distributing means may be incorporated in the mechanism.
- Such means are exemplarily shown,-in each of the hoppers, in the angular lower parts thereof and substantially blocking the same,by the rotating hopper element 31.
- a sprocket and chain drive 32 from the shaft of the roller 15 or 16.
- a sprocket and chain drive 32 from the shaft of the roller 15 or 16.
- a plurality of elements 35 each of which comprise a sleeve, from which radially extend one or more plates 36. These plates are substantially uniformly spaced around the said sleeves and they substantially close the hopper towards the end of the trap door 24, at which said trap door is adapted to open.
- a plurality of these elements 35 are offsettedly arranged alongside of each other on each of the shafts 33, as shown in Fig. 5, so that they overlappingly, in predetermined rotation, engage the whole width of the material 23 accommodated in hopper 22, and sweep or feed the same, in complementarily aggregative fashion, uniformly through the slit in front of slide 25.
- the homogeneously mixed material drops, in the modification of Fig. 1, between two fine rolling mills 37 and 38, which are synchronously driven in opposite directions, and which deliver the material to the auger 39, at the front 40 of which is mounted the die.
- the clay pressed out of said die is suitably cut to the shape of bricks.
- the method of dosing clay comprising feeding the clay in a continuous band of predetermined cross-sections, feeding the material, which said clay is to be dosed with at a uniform flow, continuously spreading said material over said band, and mixing said spread material into the clay of said band.
- the method of dosing clay comprising feeding the clay in a continuous band of predetermined cross-sections, feeding the material, which said clay is to be dosed with at a uniform flow, continuously spreading said material over said band, and kneading said spread material into the clay of said band,
- Clay dosing means comprising means delivering a uniformly cross-sectioned traveling band of clay, a container opening onto said band and continuously issuing a uniform flow of clay conditioning material onto said band, and means working said material into the clay of said band.
- Clay dosing means comprising means delivering a uniformly cross-sectioned traveling band of clay, a hopper continuously issuing a uniform flow of clay conditioning material onto said band, and means working said material into the clay of said band.
- Clay dosing means comprising a troiwh for clay rollers confronting the outlet of said trough and delivering therefrom, when rotated, a uniformly cross-sectioned traveling band of clay, a container opening onto said band and continuously issuing a uniform flow of clay conditioning material onto said band, and means working said material into the clay of said band.
- Clay dosing means comprising a trough for clay, rollers confronting the outlet of said trough and delivering therefrom, when rotated, a uniformly cross-sectioned traveling band of clay, a hopper continuously issuing a uniform flow of clay conditioning material onto said band, and means working said material into the clay of said band.
- Clay dosing means comprising a trough for clay, rollers confronting the outlet of said trough and delivering therefrom, when rotated, a uniformly cross-sectioned traveling band of clay, means continuously issuing a uniform flow of clay conditioning material onto said band, and a set of rollers receiving said clay and said material and pressing said material into said clay.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Preparation Of Clay, And Manufacture Of Mixtures Containing Clay Or Cement (AREA)
Description
Feb. 21, 1933. w. ASCHE 1,898,333
CLAY WORKING AND CONDITIONING Filed Nov. 19, 1931 2 Sheets-Sheet l IN V EN TOR.
WALTER A$CH BY 77 A TTORNEY.
Feb. 21, 1933. w. ASCHE CLAY WORKING AND CONDITIONING 2 Sheets-Sheefi Filed NOV. 19, 1931 INVENTOR.
ORNEY;
WALTER ASCHE MW ATT Patented Feb. 21, 1933 PATENT OFFICE WALTER ASGHE, or ST. GEORGE, new YORK CLAY WORKING AND CONDITIONING Application filed November 19, 1931. Serial No.576, 086.
This invention concerns the means for and the method of dosing the common soft raw material,clay for 1nstance,wh1ch is used in the manufacture of bricks, with a fuel, a reducing agent like ground coke in a solid form of fine grain. Attention has been given primarily to the object of suitablyintroducing the correct and necessary quantity of fuel into different clays, which are of poor or medium quality; the thoroughly mixed clay and fuel yield a stone during the firing process which has a much greater average quality than was heretofore obtained. Aside from a F greater resistivity such a stone has a compressive strength two or three times that of the ordinary stone, so that it approaches the strength of a clinker.
The preferred fuel, which I choose as an ingredient in my method is coke of a fine grain. Its reducing action during the firing process renders harmless the undesirable 1ngredients present in most common clay, such as calcium oxide, gypsum and sulphide, which bring about the dreaded sweating or bloom ing of the stone involving decomposition and eventual brittleness. I introduce only so much of the fuel as necessary for a complete firing of the stone, without bringing about porosity in the product.
Every stone, which has been intimately dosed with the reducing fuel, represents a small furnace by itself. The reduction during the firing process is exothermically prop agated from the outside of the brick to the very core thereof. The above mentioned harmful ingredients are completely evaporated so that the stone is cured throughout to clinker hardness.
Correct proportioning of the conditioning ingredients introduced into the brick is therefore a vital object of this invention; I provide dosing means, which, in combination with the known elements of clay working mapresses, introduce into measured volumes of clay corresponding doses of fuel. 'The quantity of fuel introduced, which is substantially homogeneously admixed to the clay, determines the qualities of the final product, a good brick for instance.
chinery, like crushers, rollers, mixers and The introduction of an excessive volume of fuel would bring about sintering to a point of brittleness. Insufiicient fuel would prevent an i even. and thorough curing and firing,
whereas proper dosing procures the greatest strength and an unlimited life of the products. i
Another object of this invention is to enhance economy of .fuel consumption in the firing furnace, bringing about a increase in efficiency. Since by my means and method the fuel is intimately admixed to the clay, the evenly dispersed fuel is ignited in the furnace at a temperature of 450 oentigrade, and then takes place an even, exothermical heating of the stone to wide heat, to a temperature of 1000 centigrade. When a correspondingly strong draft is used, the fire in the oven is propagated much faster than when the coal or fuel gases pass over the surface of the stone. The firing from the outside may be limited to a low heat igniting the front row of stones, the balance of the stones igniting themselves, heating each of the stones to a wide heart above the 1000 centigrade. The
resulting ware is of best quality and may be applied to a great variety of uses. The uniform quality of theproduct of my invention provesto be an important factor in its marketability.
. In the specification, I describe my invention in relation to the largest specific field of the clay working art, the brick manufacture, and illustrate it by means of an exemplary showing of brick making machinery, in which Fig. 1 shows a partly sectioned front elevation of such machinery.
Fig. 2 shows a corresponding side view.
Fig. 3 shows a modification of the plant, a duplex arrangement, in a sectioned front View. V
Fig. 4 shows a sectional side view of the respective pugging mill.
Fig. 5' shows, in a partly sectioned, sectional side view, the means introducing the conditioning ingredients.
Fig. 6 shows a corresponding enlarged, partly sectioned end view. The top door is closed.
Similar numerals refer to similar parts throughout the various views.
From a wet clay pan mill or from a suitable grinder or crusher, the clay material is either directly fed into the machinery of my drawings, or fed thereto by a worm clay feeding machine or a spiral conveyor 11, which ends above the trough 12 and discharges the clay material thereinto.
In Figs. 1 and 2 such a conveyor is disposed transversely to my machinery, whereas it is longitudinally disposed in Fig. 3. The trough 12 is exemplarily shown to comprise the slanted sides 13, whereas the front and rear thereof are confronted by substantially vertical walls 14. These walls 14 extend downwardly from the trough, and also confront the ends of the rolling mills 15, 16. The rolling mills substantially close the bottom of trough 12. They are adjustable towards and away from each other, and are placed sufficiently close together, in order substantially to close the trough downwardly, between them. The rollers 15 and 16 are op positely rotatably,clockwise and counter clockwise respectively,journalled upon the sides 17 and 18 of the frame and are provided with sets of tight and loose driving pulleys 19 and 20, respectively. By means of these pulleys, or by means of meshing gears, they are rotated at a synchronous speed, so that they downwardly feed, between each other, the clay material, through the square opening formed by the end walls 14 and the rollers 15 and 16, where said rollers come closely to gether.
The rollers 15 and 16 are set at such a distance, that, in conformity with the consistency, of the clay material, they feed the samewhile crushing large parts thereof-in form of a ribbon 21, of a substantially uniform rectangular cross-section, and at a linear speed corresponding substantially to the circumferential speed at which said rollers rotate.
Alongside of the roller 16 (Fig. 1), or alongside'of the rollers 15 and 16, Fig. 3, I provide a hopper or hoppers 22 which serve to receive the conditioning ingredients 23. In order to maintain a substantially uniform pressure head on the ingredients 23, means may be provided for to keep these hoppers filled at all times to a certain level with said ingredients, or to keep them completely filled as indicated in Fig. 3. The hoppers are supported by and extending substantially between the frames 17 and 18; their width is therefore substantially equal to the width of the rollers 15 and 16. Downwardly, at their lower ends, the hoppers 22 are closed by trap doors 24. These doors comprise sets of transverse slides 25 which are provided with racks 26 upon their sides. These racks are engaged upon by pinions 27, mounted upon brackets 28 extending from the hoppers, said pinions being angularly adjustable by means of hand wheels 29. Angular adjustment of the pinions will more or less open the trap door 24 at the bottom of the hoppers, so that more or less of the ingredients 23 may adjustably be released therefrom, onto chutes 34, which angularly downwardly extend from the slides 25 of the trap doors 24.
The chutes 34 are directed towards the band 21. They either release the ingredients 23 directly onto the band 21 issuing from between the rollers 15 and 16. Or, as shown in the drawings, they issue onto rollers 37 and 38 (Fig. 3) or into the mixer 30, which is disposed below the rolling mills 15 and 16, and in which the ingredient 23 and the material of the band 21 are thoroughly mixed and kneaded, (Fig. 1).
Whereas the trap door device of the hopper 22 may be relied upon uniformly to deliver the ingredient 23, and-uniformly to distribute it over the whole width of said hopper, when the ingredient 23 is of such uniform and fine consistency, that it flows as or like a liquid, it may be necessary, in order to procure, in dosing, an absolutely even feed of the ingredient over the whole width of my apparatus and to the exact width of band 21, an auxiliary, more positive feeding and distributing means may be incorporated in the mechanism. Such means are exemplarily shown,-in each of the hoppers, in the angular lower parts thereof and substantially blocking the same,by the rotating hopper element 31. It is rotatably supported between the frames 17 and 18, and driven by a sprocket and chain drive 32 from the shaft of the roller 15 or 16. Upon its shaft 33 are arranged a plurality of elements 35 each of which comprise a sleeve, from which radially extend one or more plates 36. These plates are substantially uniformly spaced around the said sleeves and they substantially close the hopper towards the end of the trap door 24, at which said trap door is adapted to open. A plurality of these elements 35 are offsettedly arranged alongside of each other on each of the shafts 33, as shown in Fig. 5, so that they overlappingly, in predetermined rotation, engage the whole width of the material 23 accommodated in hopper 22, and sweep or feed the same, in complementarily aggregative fashion, uniformly through the slit in front of slide 25.
From the kneader or mixer 30, the homogeneously mixed material drops, in the modification of Fig. 1, between two fine rolling mills 37 and 38, which are synchronously driven in opposite directions, and which deliver the material to the auger 39, at the front 40 of which is mounted the die. The clay pressed out of said die is suitably cut to the shape of bricks.
In the view of Fig. 3, the band 21, upon the width of which the material 23 delivered from the hopper 22 is Uniformly dispersed, issues in between the rolling mills 37 and 38, from which the clay material is fed into the pugging mill 41.
a The drives of the conveyors 11, the rolling mills 15 and 16, the hopping elements 31, the kneader or mixer 30, the fine rolling mills 37, 38, and of the auger 40, or the pugging mill 41, are suitably coordinated so as to work upon or to feed the respective materials under suitable pressure and at coordinated speeds.
. While I have shown and described my i11- vention with some degree of particularity, it will be realized that other modifications and changes may be resorted to under special conditions. I therefore do not wish to be limited and restricted to the exact details shown and described but reserve the right to make such changes and modifications as may fairly fall within the scope of the subject matter now being claimed.
I claim:
1. The method of dosing clay, comprising feeding the clay in a continuous band of predetermined cross-sections, feeding the material, which said clay is to be dosed with at a uniform flow, continuously spreading said material over said band, and mixing said spread material into the clay of said band.
2. The method of dosing clay, comprising feeding the clay in a continuous band of predetermined cross-sections, feeding the material, which said clay is to be dosed with at a uniform flow, continuously spreading said material over said band, and kneading said spread material into the clay of said band,
3. Clay dosing means, comprising means delivering a uniformly cross-sectioned traveling band of clay, a container opening onto said band and continuously issuing a uniform flow of clay conditioning material onto said band, and means working said material into the clay of said band.
4. Clay dosing means comprising means delivering a uniformly cross-sectioned traveling band of clay, a hopper continuously issuing a uniform flow of clay conditioning material onto said band, and means working said material into the clay of said band.
5. Clay dosing means, comprising a troiwh for clay rollers confronting the outlet of said trough and delivering therefrom, when rotated, a uniformly cross-sectioned traveling band of clay, a container opening onto said band and continuously issuing a uniform flow of clay conditioning material onto said band, and means working said material into the clay of said band.
6. Clay dosing means, comprising a trough for clay, rollers confronting the outlet of said trough and delivering therefrom, when rotated, a uniformly cross-sectioned traveling band of clay, a hopper continuously issuing a uniform flow of clay conditioning material onto said band, and means working said material into the clay of said band.
7. Clay dosing means, comprising a trough for clay, rollers confronting the outlet of said trough and delivering therefrom, when rotated, a uniformly cross-sectioned traveling band of clay, means continuously issuing a uniform flow of clay conditioning material onto said band, and a set of rollers receiving said clay and said material and pressing said material into said clay.
8. In combination with a shaping mill and means supplying clay at a fixed rate of delivery to said mill, means interposed between said means and said mill, issuing upon said clay passing to said mill and supplying clay conditioning material at afixed rate of delivery.
In testimony whereof I aflix my signature.
WVALTER ASCHE.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US576086A US1898333A (en) | 1931-11-19 | 1931-11-19 | Clay working and conditioning |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US576086A US1898333A (en) | 1931-11-19 | 1931-11-19 | Clay working and conditioning |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US1898333A true US1898333A (en) | 1933-02-21 |
Family
ID=24302928
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US576086A Expired - Lifetime US1898333A (en) | 1931-11-19 | 1931-11-19 | Clay working and conditioning |
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3741702A (en) * | 1970-03-14 | 1973-06-26 | C Mazzoni | Apparatus for pressure rolling soaps and similar products |
-
1931
- 1931-11-19 US US576086A patent/US1898333A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3741702A (en) * | 1970-03-14 | 1973-06-26 | C Mazzoni | Apparatus for pressure rolling soaps and similar products |
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