US1885770A - Thermionic transmitter and receiver - Google Patents

Thermionic transmitter and receiver Download PDF

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Publication number
US1885770A
US1885770A US136652A US13665226A US1885770A US 1885770 A US1885770 A US 1885770A US 136652 A US136652 A US 136652A US 13665226 A US13665226 A US 13665226A US 1885770 A US1885770 A US 1885770A
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circuit
tube
frequencies
circuits
thermionic
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US136652A
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English (en)
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Schotel Gerrit
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Individual
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Individual
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
    • H03B5/00—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
    • H03B5/08—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance
    • H03B5/10—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being vacuum tube

Definitions

  • the invention relates to improvements in or relating to thermionic transmitters and receivers more particularly for short waves.
  • the improvements accordingto the preslfent inve'ntionwith regard to the thermionic transmitters more particularly for short waves consist in that two or more circuits are coupled very tightly with each other, e. g.,
  • the invention in- 'cludes the regulating of this circuit to a frequency which is higher than the operating frequency.
  • the invention consists in the improvement whereby two or more circuits tightly coupled with each other are inserted in the grid circuit of a discharge tube and the circuits so adjusted that the higher or one of the'higher resonant oscillation frequencies is the same as the wave-length to be received, or approximately so in case of beat reception,
  • the efficiency of reception can, when necessary under application of known means for re-tuning be regulated by alteration of the winding-ratio of the coupling coil or of the coupling coils.
  • induction of the coupling coil or of'the cou Figure 3 shows a diagram of connections inwhich the aerial has been replaced by an adjustable condenser and a resistance;
  • Figure 4c is a dia rammatic representation explaining the conditions ofoperation of the electron tube
  • Figure 5 shows the connections for using the present invention for receiving purposes
  • Figure 6 shows the connections for ampli- Figure 7 is a diagram of a push-pull circuit.
  • the electron tube 1 V has a filament 2, a grid 3 andan anode 1.
  • the tube anode circuit may be fed in parallel,- as illustrated. However, this method of feeding anode current to the tube is optional, and any other usual method may be used if desired.”
  • the blocking condenser 5 With a parallel feed, the blocking condenser 5 is" provided for preventing the direct current of the anode battery or genera tor from taking the wrong path through the coil 6.
  • the latter has two adjustable tapping points, one of which is used for the anode circuit 7 and the other for the aerial 8.
  • the grid circuit comprises 'anadjustable self-induction coil 9 connected inseries with agrid resistance 10 bridged by a condenser 11.
  • 'The capacity present in the electron tube provides a coupling between the anode cir cuit and the grid circuit, whereby according to a known principle electric oscillations are continuously produced in the said circuits.
  • the elements arranged in Figure 1 between the grid and the filament ina manner to be more fully described the electron tube will oscillate with a considerablyhigher frequency. than that produced if these elements were selected otherwise.
  • the system consisting of the coupled circuits 2-- 3 4 -56 and 68aerial"earth is resonant to'two frequencies difieringconsiderably 7 from one another owing to their very tight coupling. Out of these frequencies it is pos-y sible for'example to select the'highest (apart from the action of the coupling withf'the grid circuit whereby strictly speaking there is the possibility ofmore than two frequencies with the present connections) byselecting the elements of the grid circuit so that the internal capacity coupling of the electron tube produces a grid tension having the correct phase and amplitude, with the result that the oscillations of the highest frequency (or if necessary the intermediate frequency, in the case of more than two possible frequencies) may continue.
  • C is the internal tube capacity between anode and filament terminals of the electron tube; the influence of the grid coil being also taken into account; L the induc-' tance at no loadof a transformer without losses and magnetic leakage, that is to say" having a 100% efficiency; Z an inductance; C a capacity and R a resistance.
  • the value c of the last two elements is given when they erally however the coupling of the grid circuit with theother circuits is, if the adjustments are right, loose, so that the larger natural frequencies are not far apart.
  • Figure 4 is a. diagrammatic representation of the connections of Figure 1.
  • This transformer is therefore replaced by an inductance L representing the no-load inductance.
  • frequency F is used, care being taken that F is kept in check.
  • This extremecase is shown in Figure 2, in which the aerial is directly connected to the coil 12.
  • Figure 3 illustrates the general case, in which the winding ratio u of the transformer varies from, unity, and there is a certain amount of magneticleakage which will appear as self-induction in the. circuit from which the energy is available.
  • variable condenser 13 'Thecapacity of the aerial is replaced in this case by a variable condenser 13. Also a variable self-induction may be connected in place of the aerial, or the transformer "may be short-circuited (extreme case of the con denser connection with infinite capacity according-to Figure 3).
  • the wave-length may be altered firstly by F1 /u lO, 21m, 10, which means that the Wave-length varies proportionally to the ratio of transformation.
  • the impedance of the circuits connected to the tube is of great importance.
  • This impedance is under the same conditions as mentioned above for the frequency, defined by the formula and must beadaptedto the impedance of the electron tube, in order to obtain a sufficient radiation and a good efficiency. If the conditions mentioned, namely that the transformer has no leakage nor losses and no distributed capaclty and C u C are not the resulting inductance (Z in the formula for F so that the inductance of the antenna coil (12, Figure 1) maybe reduced or this coil omitted. By building suitablecoils the losses in the transformer in general will be very small.
  • the present method makes it possible to alter Z 111 -013- eration with the value of It and to ad ust the wave-length with the aid of the ratio of transformation. 'lVhen applying the present invention on the above lines, there is no difficulty in obtaining a good efficiency even in case very short waves are used, and also when the aerial, whatever its dimensions, is con nected by direct coupling to the anode of the tube. As the aerial capacity does not appear in tne formula for the wave-length the present method has moreover the advantage that the radiated wave-length can be easier kept constant.
  • the aerial is connected directly to the grid circuit of the tube 1 with the aid of the coil 14.
  • the contacts and 16 or any other known regulating means By suitably operating the contacts and 16 or any other known regulating means, the higher or one of the higher resonant frequencies of-the coupled circuits is tuned to, or in case of beat recept1on, ap-' proximately tuned to the wave-length to be recelved. ble in the anode circuit by suitable means.
  • the method of tuning the system comprising the aerial circuit gives another advantage over the generally used method for reception of short waves, where the aerial circuit is not tuned. 7
  • An adjustable inductance 17 is inserted in the anode circuit in order to obtain the proper impedance in the said circuit for the wavelength which is to be received.
  • FIG. 6 A receiving arrangement of the same kind is illustrated in Figure 6 for amplified reception in which the signals received are amcor
  • the si 'nals ma be rendered audi-
  • the tube 1 plifie'd by the tube 1 and forwarded to the grid of the following tube.
  • the higherv or one of the higher resonant frequencies also of the intermediate circuits is regulatedto the wavelength to be received.
  • the capacity of one of the tightly coupled circuits maybe large, which is also an'advantage when receiving short waves.
  • connection used in this method may be carried out as 'push-pull connection if the aerial has only an inductive coupling with the tube. There is, however, a case in which a direct coupling of aerial and tube circuits is possible under use of pushpull connection.
  • two vertical aerials 8 and 8a are located at a distance apart of half the wavelength wanted and are directly coupled to the tubes 1 and 1a; The middle of the anode coils 6,-
  • Anode current is supplied by asuitable source of current feeding each of the anodes through a hi h frequency choke coil.
  • the invention is not limited to the use of connections in which the anode circuit and the grids circuit are coupled to each other only by means of the'anode grid capacity-of thedischarg-e tube. I coupling these circuits outside the tube may 1 without departing from the invenbe used tion.
  • charge tube having an input circuit and put circuit so as to form a network with a plurality of resonance frequencies lying in the range of radio frequencies and means in the input circuit for causing the tube to oscillate to one of the higher frequencies.
  • a The combination with a thermionic discharge tube having an input circuit and an output circuit, of a high frequency network constituted by a plurality of tightly coupled circuits connected in the output circuit and including an antenna, said network having a plurality of resonance frequencies lylng 1n the range of radlo frequencies, and means 1n the input circuit for causing the tube to oscillate at one of the higher of said frequencies. 5.
  • the method of regulating the ratio of direct current lnput to alternating current output in a thermionic transmitter having its output circuit tightly coupled to 'the radiating circuit through a transformer to form a high frequency network with a plurality of resonance frequencies of radio frequency at one of which the thermionic transmltter OSClllates which comprises changing the winding ratio of the transformer while malntalning the resonant frequency of the coupled circuits and feed-back coupling constant.
  • thermionic discharge tube having an input circuit and an output circuit, of a transformer, a plurality of circuits tightly coupled through said transformer and connected in one of said tube circuits forming a high frequency net work resonant to a plurality of radio frequencies, and means for varying the winding ratio of said transformer while maintaining one of the frequencies to which said network resonant substantially constant.
  • a thermionic discharge tube having an input and an output circuit, one of said circuits being tightly coupled to a third circuit by means of a common coil to form a high frequency network with a plurality of resonance frequencies of radio frequency at one of which the thermionic tube oscillates, and a control coil in the other tube circuit for determining the frequency to which the tube is to respond, said third circuit being resonant to a lower frequency than the said input circult.

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  • Amplifiers (AREA)
  • Transmitters (AREA)
  • Video Image Reproduction Devices For Color Tv Systems (AREA)
US136652A 1925-09-25 1926-09-20 Thermionic transmitter and receiver Expired - Lifetime US1885770A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL31363A NL17819C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1925-09-25 1925-09-25

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US1885770A true US1885770A (en) 1932-11-01

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ID=26260195

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US136652A Expired - Lifetime US1885770A (en) 1925-09-25 1926-09-20 Thermionic transmitter and receiver

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US1885770A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE470068C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR628035A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB266068A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL17819C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB266068A (en) 1927-02-24
DE470068C (de) 1929-01-08
NL17819C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1928-04-16
FR628035A (fr) 1927-09-17

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