US1883630A - Chemical apparatus and method of lining the same - Google Patents
Chemical apparatus and method of lining the same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1883630A US1883630A US157425A US15742526A US1883630A US 1883630 A US1883630 A US 1883630A US 157425 A US157425 A US 157425A US 15742526 A US15742526 A US 15742526A US 1883630 A US1883630 A US 1883630A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- drum
- lining
- oil
- same
- drums
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 12
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 title description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- UPHIPHFJVNKLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium iron Chemical compound [Cr].[Fe] UPHIPHFJVNKLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000000396 iron Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010734 process oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/02—Apparatus characterised by being constructed of material selected for its chemically-resistant properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/02—Apparatus characterised by their chemically-resistant properties
- B01J2219/025—Apparatus characterised by their chemically-resistant properties characterised by the construction materials of the reactor vessel proper
- B01J2219/0277—Metal based
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/02—Apparatus characterised by their chemically-resistant properties
- B01J2219/025—Apparatus characterised by their chemically-resistant properties characterised by the construction materials of the reactor vessel proper
- B01J2219/0277—Metal based
- B01J2219/0286—Steel
Definitions
- This invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of apparatus for the distillation of hydrocarbon oils.
- interior surfaces of stills and the like used inthe refining of petroleum oil are protected by a substantially non-corrodible metallic lining bonded by fusion to the less resistant metal of the still proper.
- the improved method is particularly useful for armoring the interior of pressure stills, digesting chambers or soaking drums, and other apparatus of large volume used at high temperature in the commercialrefining of petroleum.
- the meth- 0d will be explained as applied to the soaking drums forming a part of the equipment for cracking oil in the well known tube-and-tank process.
- oil is heated to .a cracking temperature under high pressure in a coil and discharged into a thermally insulated soaking drum maintained at substantially the same pressure and temperature as the coil.
- the oil remains for a considerable period in the drum and undergoes further cracking therein.
- Soaking drums are ordinarily cylinders about six feet in diameter, and forty feet long. They are made from steel plates varying from two inches to five inches thick, formed by either hot or cold rolling. Butt straps are placed within and without the drum, all the seams are electrically welded, and any rivets that require it are also electrically welded. This welding is ordinarily for tightness only and not for strength. In some cases these cylinders or drums are electrically welded for increased strength, and in others are seamless forgings.
- This method in a commercially available form, comprises the use of the electric are or a high temperature gas flame to lay down a continuous sheet of relatively inert metal or alloy, simultaneously bonding the sheet by fusion to the metal of the drum shell.
- Gas flame methods are suitable but generally less economical and satisfactory than the simple electric arcmethod, including the so-called hydrogen welding method. The are method will accordingly be referred to principally herein.
- the workmen enter the drum through one of the large manholes which are provided at each end of the drum.
- the interior of the drum is first freed of all scale and dirt by sand-blasting, grinding, acid washing or other suitable methods. When a clean metallic surface has been secured.
- Hand apparatus may be used, but it is better to provide an electric arc machine mounted the entire wall is plated.
- the metallic band should be not less than inch thick, for most purposes.
- the temperature of the arc is so high that the steel of the drum is in a state of incipient melting at the surface in contact with the arc.
- the added fluid metal bonds with the steel to form What is in effect a unitary metallic body.
- the drum is preferably mounted on rollers in a cradle so that it can be turned. In this way it is feasible to work from above while plating the entire cylinder Walls. Difiiculties w1th the gravity flow of the fused metal are avoided in this way for the most part.
- the interior of the ends of the drum can be plated by starting a metal band at the bottom and building up, or the drum may be up-ended for the plating.
- vIrregularities of surface are no obstacle to the practice of the described method, and the butt straps may be covered by the fused metal without difiiculty.
- the butt straps may be covered by the fused metal without difiiculty.
- the finished drum there are no points at which corrosion may secure a start. Since welded joints and rivets are especially liable to attack by corrosive bodies in the oil, the plating should be done after the drum has been built, so that all joints may be covered.
- the improvement which comprises fusing a chromium-iron alloy and depositing it upon the inner surface of said equipment at a temperature suflicient to cause the alloy to bond with the steel.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
Description
Patented Oct. 18, 1932 UNITED. STATES PATENT OFFICE RALPH I1. DUFF, OF BOSE I-LE, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR TO STANDARD OIL DEVELOP- MENU. COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE CHEMICAL AIPPARA'IUS AND METHOD OF LINING- THE SAME No Drawing.
This invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of apparatus for the distillation of hydrocarbon oils. In accordance with the invention, interior surfaces of stills and the like used inthe refining of petroleum oil are protected by a substantially non-corrodible metallic lining bonded by fusion to the less resistant metal of the still proper.
The improved method is particularly useful for armoring the interior of pressure stills, digesting chambers or soaking drums, and other apparatus of large volume used at high temperature in the commercialrefining of petroleum. By way of example, the meth- 0d will be explained as applied to the soaking drums forming a part of the equipment for cracking oil in the well known tube-and-tank process. In this process oil is heated to .a cracking temperature under high pressure in a coil and discharged into a thermally insulated soaking drum maintained at substantially the same pressure and temperature as the coil. The oil remains for a considerable period in the drum and undergoes further cracking therein.
Soaking drums are ordinarily cylinders about six feet in diameter, and forty feet long. They are made from steel plates varying from two inches to five inches thick, formed by either hot or cold rolling. Butt straps are placed within and without the drum, all the seams are electrically welded, and any rivets that require it are also electrically welded. This welding is ordinarily for tightness only and not for strength. In some cases these cylinders or drums are electrically welded for increased strength, and in others are seamless forgings.
Notwithstanding their massive construction, these drums suffer rather rapid deterioration in some cases. They contain oil at a temperature in excess of 700 F. and at a pressure generally more than 300 lbs. per sq. in. Under these conditions any corrosive impurities in the oil rapidly attack the steel shell. Sulfur, sulfur compounds, and chlorine compounds, are the worst offenders in this respect, and as iswell known are frequently present in petroleum.
By means of the present invention, it is Application flied December 27, 1926. Serial No. 157,425.
practicable to provide an inert lining in soaking drums an thereby avoid to a great extent the expense and danger incident to deterioration of these drums. This method, in a commercially available form, comprises the use of the electric are or a high temperature gas flame to lay down a continuous sheet of relatively inert metal or alloy, simultaneously bonding the sheet by fusion to the metal of the drum shell. Gas flame methods are suitable but generally less economical and satisfactory than the simple electric arcmethod, including the so-called hydrogen welding method. The are method will accordingly be referred to principally herein.
Welding equipment of the kind in present use is generally available for my method. VVeldina practice, however, differs from that followe .in this invention. My method is not welding but what may best be termed fusion-plating.
When lining large cylinders, such as soaking drums, which are to be installed for use in upright position, it is most convenient to place the cylinder on its side. However, the lining may be applied after the cylinder is set in position for use.
Referring particularly to the lining of soaking drums, the workmen enter the drum through one of the large manholes which are provided at each end of the drum. The interior of the drum is first freed of all scale and dirt by sand-blasting, grinding, acid washing or other suitable methods. When a clean metallic surface has been secured.
throughout, the fusion-plating is begun. Hand apparatus may be used, but it is better to provide an electric arc machine mounted the entire wall is plated. The metallic band should be not less than inch thick, for most purposes. The temperature of the arc is so high that the steel of the drum is in a state of incipient melting at the surface in contact with the arc. The added fluid metal bonds with the steel to form What is in effect a unitary metallic body.
While the invention is not restricted to any particular armoring metal or alloy, high chromium steels or irons are generally recommended. For example, the following alloy may be used:
Gr 16-18% Si 1.251.75% G about .10%
The drum is preferably mounted on rollers in a cradle so that it can be turned. In this way it is feasible to work from above while plating the entire cylinder Walls. Difiiculties w1th the gravity flow of the fused metal are avoided in this way for the most part. The interior of the ends of the drum can be plated by starting a metal band at the bottom and building up, or the drum may be up-ended for the plating.
vIrregularities of surface are no obstacle to the practice of the described method, and the butt straps may be covered by the fused metal without difiiculty. In the finished drum there are no points at which corrosion may secure a start. Since welded joints and rivets are especially liable to attack by corrosive bodies in the oil, the plating should be done after the drum has been built, so that all joints may be covered.
The cost of fusion-plating a soaking drum is relatively high, but the expense is justified by the increased service life of the drum. In most cases it is desirable to cover the entire inner surface of distillation and cracking equipment as described, but some of the advantages of the invention may be obtained by plating only the surface which is in contact with oil vapor, or in other cases with liquid oil. The vapor spaceTs usuallymore rapidly corroded than the liquid space, and protection for the former is particularly desirable. v
I claim:
In the manufacture of steel distillation and cracking equipment, the improvement which comprises fusing a chromium-iron alloy and depositing it upon the inner surface of said equipment at a temperature suflicient to cause the alloy to bond with the steel.
In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention, I affix my signature.
RALPH L. DUFF.
asse ses
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US157425A US1883630A (en) | 1926-12-27 | 1926-12-27 | Chemical apparatus and method of lining the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US157425A US1883630A (en) | 1926-12-27 | 1926-12-27 | Chemical apparatus and method of lining the same |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US1883630A true US1883630A (en) | 1932-10-18 |
Family
ID=22563655
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US157425A Expired - Lifetime US1883630A (en) | 1926-12-27 | 1926-12-27 | Chemical apparatus and method of lining the same |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US1883630A (en) |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1994015896A2 (en) * | 1993-01-04 | 1994-07-21 | Chevron Chemical Company | Hydrodealkylation processes |
| US5575902A (en) * | 1994-01-04 | 1996-11-19 | Chevron Chemical Company | Cracking processes |
| US5593571A (en) * | 1993-01-04 | 1997-01-14 | Chevron Chemical Company | Treating oxidized steels in low-sulfur reforming processes |
| US5674376A (en) * | 1991-03-08 | 1997-10-07 | Chevron Chemical Company | Low sufur reforming process |
| US5723707A (en) * | 1993-01-04 | 1998-03-03 | Chevron Chemical Company | Dehydrogenation processes, equipment and catalyst loads therefor |
| US5849969A (en) * | 1993-01-04 | 1998-12-15 | Chevron Chemical Company | Hydrodealkylation processes |
| US6258256B1 (en) | 1994-01-04 | 2001-07-10 | Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Lp | Cracking processes |
| US6274113B1 (en) | 1994-01-04 | 2001-08-14 | Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Lp | Increasing production in hydrocarbon conversion processes |
| US6419986B1 (en) | 1997-01-10 | 2002-07-16 | Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Ip | Method for removing reactive metal from a reactor system |
| USRE38532E1 (en) | 1993-01-04 | 2004-06-08 | Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Lp | Hydrodealkylation processes |
-
1926
- 1926-12-27 US US157425A patent/US1883630A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5863418A (en) * | 1991-03-08 | 1999-01-26 | Chevron Chemical Company | Low-sulfur reforming process |
| US5674376A (en) * | 1991-03-08 | 1997-10-07 | Chevron Chemical Company | Low sufur reforming process |
| US6548030B2 (en) | 1991-03-08 | 2003-04-15 | Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Lp | Apparatus for hydrocarbon processing |
| US5676821A (en) * | 1991-03-08 | 1997-10-14 | Chevron Chemical Company | Method for increasing carburization resistance |
| WO1994015896A2 (en) * | 1993-01-04 | 1994-07-21 | Chevron Chemical Company | Hydrodealkylation processes |
| US5593571A (en) * | 1993-01-04 | 1997-01-14 | Chevron Chemical Company | Treating oxidized steels in low-sulfur reforming processes |
| US5723707A (en) * | 1993-01-04 | 1998-03-03 | Chevron Chemical Company | Dehydrogenation processes, equipment and catalyst loads therefor |
| US5849969A (en) * | 1993-01-04 | 1998-12-15 | Chevron Chemical Company | Hydrodealkylation processes |
| USRE38532E1 (en) | 1993-01-04 | 2004-06-08 | Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Lp | Hydrodealkylation processes |
| US5866743A (en) * | 1993-01-04 | 1999-02-02 | Chevron Chemical Company | Hydrodealkylation processes |
| WO1994015896A3 (en) * | 1993-01-04 | 1994-10-27 | Chevron Res & Tech | Hydrodealkylation processes |
| US6258256B1 (en) | 1994-01-04 | 2001-07-10 | Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Lp | Cracking processes |
| US6274113B1 (en) | 1994-01-04 | 2001-08-14 | Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Lp | Increasing production in hydrocarbon conversion processes |
| US6602483B2 (en) | 1994-01-04 | 2003-08-05 | Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Lp | Increasing production in hydrocarbon conversion processes |
| US5575902A (en) * | 1994-01-04 | 1996-11-19 | Chevron Chemical Company | Cracking processes |
| US6419986B1 (en) | 1997-01-10 | 2002-07-16 | Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Ip | Method for removing reactive metal from a reactor system |
| US6551660B2 (en) | 1997-01-10 | 2003-04-22 | Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Lp | Method for removing reactive metal from a reactor system |
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