US1992470A - Lining for vessels - Google Patents

Description

Feb. 26, 1935,

J. CARLSTROM LINING FOR VESSELS Filed June 17, 1932 RQVENTQR ATTORNEY Patented Feb. 26, 1935 I c 1,992,470

UNITED STATES PATENT o FicF.

LINING FOR VESSELS- John Carlstrom, Port Arthur, Tex., assignor to.

The Texas Company, New York, N. Y., a cor-' poration of Delaware Application June 17, 1932, SerialNo. 617,832

3 Claims. (Cl. 196-133) This invention relates to interior linings for the event the lining may eventually rupture at the protection of vessels in which the treatment of point ofbuckling. Y t materials corrosive to the walls thereof may be I have discovered that in the pressure cracking carried on, and refers particularly to the lining of of hydrocarbon oil it is not necessary to com- '5 ordinary steel vessels used in the pressure crackpletely isolate the Walls of the vessel from the 5 ing of hydrocarbon oil. 'inclosed oil or vapor. and that moreover if certain In the pressure cracking of petroleum fracof the products of reaction such as carbon or tions corrosive compounds are encountered or are cokey particles are permitted to deposit on the developed in the decomposition process which atsurface thereof they'may form a protective coattack the steel walls of the vessels in which the ing which is itselfresistant to "corrosion. I-have 1 treatment is being carried on, which has the effect further discovered that corrosion often proceeds of deteriorating or corroding away the metal very most rapidly from the clean surface of a metal rapidly. and that certain of the forming sulfides and other In practice the shells of vessels of this class are corrosion products may-themselves, as a coating,

fabricated of much heavier material than is necbe" aprotection against more advanced or, con- '15 essary merely to withstand the temperatures and tinned corrosion of the steel walls. It is noted, pressures or'dinarily'employed, for the reason that however, that in the vapor space of cracking vesin the course of operation the interior surfaces of 'sels, where corrosion is more pronounced,- the the wallsare deteriorated to such an extent that walls of the vessel are normally swept relatively their strength is'materiallyimpaired. Acc'ordclean of any protecting film such as coke and 20 ingly it has been necessary to allow fora certain that any protection against corrosion which would amount of deterioration by making the walls of otherwise be afforded by deposits of coke or of extra thickness. It'will be seen that the expense corrosion products, such as sulfides, is thereby of constructing large vessels is multiplied rapidly continuously destroyed. r 7 f 1 as the thickness of the shells is increased. Itis The invention contemplates a relatively cheap 25 therefore of advantage to provide an effective lining formed of a plurality of sections of sheet lining which is adapted to protect the interior metal which is adapted to fully cover and protect surface of a vessel and which may be readily rethe surface .or portions thereof of the vessel to paired or removed from and replaced inthe vessel. which it may be applied. The sections compris- 80 According to the usual practice, metallic or ing th e lining overlap thereby forming a conalloy metal linings have been'provided which are tinuous lining surrounding the interior wall of bonded to the vessel proper and are designed to the vessel. e present an imperviousshield against contact of It is an object of the invention to providea the material being treated with the walls of the lining of light simple construction which may be vessel. Among the chief difiiculties encountered securely fastened or anchored to the walls of the l 3 in linings of this type is the difierence in the covessel and which may be readily repaired or reefficient of expansion of the material'of which v d f and replaced in'the vessel. r the vessel itself is made and that of which the 4 Another Object this inVentiOn is o p v de lining may be madeQandthat many substances a lining of light simple construction having the fie t-vel tothe Steel of which same coefficient of expansion as the vessel. 40 cannot bebonded e c y The invention will-be more fully understood by the vessel is made.

referring to the following description and the In instances where linings are bonded to the accompanying drawing in which:

vessel and where the coefficient of expansion of g the lining material is less than that of the vessel, 1 1s View m sectlonal elevatlon of an the vessel has a tendency to expand away from .bodiment of m invention in which event the lining, n being Strong Fig. 21s a viewtaken on t e line 2-2 of Fig. 1. enough Withstand the pressure usually Fig.3 is an enlarged view in sectional"eleva-. p oy l yp may be expand d y t e tion or the'lining joints shown on theright hand 50 force of the pressure to the larger size and buckle sid'exof Fig. 1. I when the temperature is next lowered to atmos Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of the pipeconnecpheric. On the other hand where the ,coemcient tion and its lining shown on the left hand side of expansion of the lining is greater than that of of Fig. 1. V the vessel it will have a tendency to bulge and Referring now to Fig. 1, an upper section of a buckle when. the, temperature is raised, in which vertical cylindrical'vessel having a convex end '55 interiorly lined vessel showinga preferred em- '45 or dome is illustrated which may be used in the pressure cracking of hydrocarbon oil. The apparatus shown is intended to be that portion of a vertical expansion chamber which is situated above a level of liquid carried in the vessel, which is usually referred to as the vapor space and in which the corrosive action of the existing vapors is especially pronounced. That portion of the vessel shown comprises a shell portion 1, a manway 2, a pipe connection 3, a vapor outlet pipe 4 and the lining.

While I have shown a vertical cylindrical vessel having a convex end, it is to be clearly, understood that my invention is not limited to a vessel shaped in this manner. The ,vessel may be of any shape and maybe positioned in a horizontal or slanting position without departing from the scope of the invention.

According to the lHVBIltlOlL'lJhi-l lining may include one or more circumferential rows of rec tangular plate sections logdepending upon the vertical dimension of the shell portion to be lined, and a row of rectangular plate sections .11. These plate sections are individually rolled to fit the interior curvature of the shell andthe adjacent-vertical edges of the plates may overlap, as at 12, and the overlapping plates may be bonded together at any desired intervals by tack welding, as at 13. The plates 10 may be supported-by welding the entire top edges thereof to the shell 1, as at 14, or by tack welding the top edges in severalplaces to the shell; The plates 11 may likewise, be supported at the top edges thereof, either by welding directlyto the shell or by welding, as at 15, to a circular flat bar 16 which may be divided into arcuate sections whose ends abut and ispreferably welded to the shell 1 as at 17. A fiat bar. 18 which may also be divided into arouate sections may be fastened to the plates l0-at their lower rim by tack welding at appropriate in,-

. tervals for retaining the plates in proper circular alignment with the shell. A fiat bar 19 of similar construction to the bar, 18 maybe secured at the lower edge of the plates 11 which is preferably appropriately situated and of sufficient width to bridge any gap existing between the plates 11 and the plates 10.

Segmental dome plates 20 are provided for lining the convex end, the adjacent, edges, of which form abutting joints. The dome plates are preferably supported attheir lower or flaring ends by welding them to the shell, as at 25, and along their abutting joints by supporting bars 26. The'bars 26 are preferably supported at their lower ends by welding, as at 28, to a sectional flat bar 27 which is preferablysecuredto the upper ends of the plates 11 or to the flat bar 16 by welding, as at 29. At the top of the dome, a disclike plate 30 is preferably attached to the inwardly protruding'vapor outlet pipe by welding as at 31. The plate 30 is adapted to overlap and support the upper or tapering ends of the dome plates 20 and also the bars 26, the upper ends of which abut andare welded to the peripheral edge of the disc 30. V

A lining is provided for the manway 2 comprising a. thimble or sleeve 33 which may be secured V therein by welding the outer end to the neck of the manway, as at 34, and by flaring the inner end against the wall lining and welding'it-tothenlining, as at 35.

The pipe connection 3, which in most cases is provided for communication to an adjoining vessel, may preferably be lined from one vessel through to the other. The connection to the lining is shown clearly in Fig. 4. The lining consists of a sleeve 41 of such length as to project slightly past the inwardly protruding end of the connection 3. A disc-like member 42, whose surface is compressed to form a circular concavity between the end of the pipe lining 41 and the vessel lining, is welded at its inner edge to the end of the pipe lining, as at 43, and at its outer or peripheral edge to the vessel lining, as at 44, and serves to protect the end of the pipe connection where it is welded .to the wall of the vessel.

My invention is not limited to any particular method of welding as any of the known methods may be employed.

It will be seen that an effective lining has thus been provided which is inexpensive to install and which may be repaired or removed from and replaced in the vessel with a minimum amount of eifort. In the novel form of construction shown, the adjacent plates overlap and this feature is of value especially in lining partly worn or even new vessels in which variations in diameter exist as betweendifierent vertical locations. The form of lining shown is intended particularly, for use in conjunction with ordinary mild steel having approximately the same coeiiicient of expansion as the material of which the vessel itself is constructed. By using a metal for lining having the same coefficient of expansion as the vessel itself, it will be readily seen that the tendency of the lining to buckle or bulge with respect to the vessel when subjected to temperature variations is obviated. Moreover the lining. may be extended throughout the vessel the'lower end being arranged substantially the same .as the upper.

While'I have shown and describedan interior lining for a vessel used in the cracking of hydrocarbon oils, it is to be understood that my invention is not limited to this type of vessel. Obviously the invention is applicable to any type of vessel in which a protective lining is desirable. Moreover, the invention is not limited to a vessel of ordinary steel as any metal or metal alloy may be used to construct the vessel. In carrying out the invention, it is contemplated that the lining for the vessel should be made from the same metal or metal alloy as that used in thevessel itself, or from a metal or metal alloy having approximately the same coefficient of expansion as the metal or metal alloy. used in. the vessel. As an example of the latter, the "vessel may be made from ordinary steelwhose coefiicient of expansion is .0000061 per degree F. and the liner from a low. chrome alloy, e. g. 4-6% chromium, whose coefiicient of expansion is .0000062 per degree F. Obviously many modifications and variations of the invention, as hereinbefore set forth, may

be made without departing from the spirit and ;vex end, an interior lining comprising a plurality of rectangular plate sections adapted to form a plurality of continuous rings around the interior of the vessel, each of said sections having vertical and horizontal edges with the vertical edges overlapping and the horizontal edges welded to the vessel at their upper ends'and braced at their lower ends, segmental plate sections adapted to forma liningfor the-convex end, each of said plate sections having a flaring end and a tapering end, the. flaring end being welded to the side of the convex end and the tapering end being secured near the center thereof, a circular flat bar overlapping and attached to the flaring ends of the segmental plate sections and overlapping the upper ends of the top ring of rectangular plate section, a circular flat bar attached to the lower ends of the plate sections of each ring adapted to brace the attached plate sections against the vessel and overlapping the upper ends of the next lower ring of plate sections, and

a circular plate attached to the center of the convex end adapted to overlap and secure the tapering ends of the segmental plate section.

2. In a vertical cylindrical vessel having a convex end, an interior partial lining comprising a circular flat bar welded to the upper portion of the vertical vessel, a plurality of rectangular plate sections adapted to form a plurality of continuous rings around the interior or" the vessel, each of said sections having vertical and horizontal edges with the vertical edges tack welded together at a plurality of points and the upper horizontal edges welded to said circular flat bar, a circular flat bar welded to the lower ends of the plate sections of each ring adapted to brace the attached plate sections against the vessel, and overlapping the upper ends of the next lower 'ring of plate sections, segmental plate sections adapted to form a lining for the convex end,

each of said plate sections having a flaring end and a tapering end, the'flaring end being welded to the convex end nearthe upper edge of the first mentioned flat bar, a circular flat bar overlapping and welded to the first mentioned flat bar and the flaring ends of the segmental plate sections, a circular plate attached to the center of the convex end overlapping and supporting the tapering ends of the segmental plate sections, and supporting bars for the segmental plate sections, having one end welded to the third men-' tioned fiat bar and the other end welded to the peripheral edge of the circular plate. 1

3. A vessel adapted for refining hydrocarbons comprising a hollow cylindrical metal body member, a plurality of metal rings forming liner sections arranged end to end longitudinally of said cylindrical body adjacent the wall of said body.

each of said rings comprising a plurality of metal sheets, means uniting the adjacent longitudinal edges of said sheets, means securing one edge of each of said sheets forming the peripheral edge of each ring to the wall of said cylindrical body andmeans for holding the opposite'edges of said sheets to maintain them in position against the wall of the cylindrical body, said last mentioned means being affixed to said sheets only.

JOHN CARLSTROM.

Images