US1879842A - Electrolytic cell and in anodes used in such cells - Google Patents
Electrolytic cell and in anodes used in such cells Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1879842A US1879842A US518234A US51823431A US1879842A US 1879842 A US1879842 A US 1879842A US 518234 A US518234 A US 518234A US 51823431 A US51823431 A US 51823431A US 1879842 A US1879842 A US 1879842A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- cathode
- anodes
- electrolytic cell
- diaphragm
- anode
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/02—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form
Definitions
- My invention relates to improvements in electrolytic cells and in anodes used in such cells.
- the diaphragm and the cathode are rapidly destroyed by acid action thereon, and particularly such diaphragms are subject to injury which are made from asbestos, asbestos paper and the like.
- those parts of the diaphragm and the cathode are subject to injury by acid action where the surface of the cathode has no anode surface cipposite thereto, and where therefore there is no direct transmission of ions and no formation of lye.
- Experiments have shown that in vertical electrodes the diaphragm is injured more rapidly than in cells having horizontal electrodes.
- the alkali hydroxide formed on the cathode sinks by reason of its high specific gravity, and therefore in the upper parts of the cell the cathode is protected by the hydroxide being formed at such parts only which are opposed to an anode surface, while between the anodes, where there is not transmission of ions, there are zones which are poor in lye and which therefore are subject to acid action.
- the diaphragm and the cathode are destroyed, and the cell must be thrown out of operation.
- the object of the improvements is to provide an electrolytic cell and an anode in which this objection is obviated, and with this object in view my invention consists in constructing the adjacent sections of the anode so that the whole surface of the cathode, or at least the top parts'thereof are opposed by anode surfaces, so that there is a transmission of ions from ,the anode to all the parts of the cathode. With this object in view,my invention consists in constructing the anodes 40 so that the adjacent surfaces of' adjacent anodes cover each other, at least at their top parts, transversely of the cathode.
- the sections of the anode are rhomboid or trapezoidal in cross-section and arranged relatively t0,each other so that the adjacent sides of thesections are substantially parallel to each other and at acute angles to the surface of the cathode.
- Fig. 1 is'a diagrammatical sectional elevation showing the electrolytic cell
- Fig. 2 is a diagrammatical sectional elevation taken on the line 22 of Fig. 1,
- Fig. 3 is a diagrammaticalsectional plan View taken on the'line 3--3 of Fig. 1 and showing the construction of the anode now in use,
- Figs. 4 and 5 are similar sectional plan views showing my improvedanodes
- Fig. 6 is a detail plan view on an enlarged' scale showin a portion. of the electrode illustrated in ig. 3, and
- Fig. 7 is a similar plan view showing a portion of the electrodes shown in Figs. 1 7 and 5.
- Fig. 1 I'have illustrated an electrolytic cell having vertical electrodes, the said cell comprising an anode a made for example from graphite, a diaphragm b and a cathode 0.
- the anode a comprises several sections which are spaced from each other.
- certain parts of the diaphragm are subject to injury by acid action, and the said parts have been illustrated in Fig. 1 by the letter d.
- the sectional anodes cover each other at their spaces, the sectional anodes a being rhomboid in cross-section and the spaces between the same being disposed angularly of the diaphragm.
- the sectional anodes By thus constructing the sectional anodes the total surface thereof is enlarged, and on the whole surface of the cathode'migration of ions and formation of the hydroxide taker place, so that also the upper part of the cell is not injured by acid action on the diaphragm and the cathode caused by the hydroxide sinking to the bottom.
- the operation is made more reliable.
- the active surface, of the anode is reduced in aless degree by wear because the spaces between the anodes are increased by'we'ar in a less degree as is shown in Figs. 6 and 7
- Fig. 6 the original distance between the electrodes is e and after wear the said space is increased to 6".
- the distance is increased in Fig. 7 from c to e.
- the sectional electrodes still cover each other in transverse direction, even if the wear proceeds very far, so that the active surface of the anode is not changed.
- Fig. 5 I have shown a modification in which the sections a of the anodes are trapezoidal in cross-section.
- An electrolytic cell comprising spaced anodes, a diaphragm, and a cathode in position for cooperating with said anodes, the anodes covering one another transversely of the cathode, and presenting thereto a subtion for cooperatlng with said anodes, the.
- adjacent spaced surfaces of the anodes being disposed at acute angles relatively to the cathode and so as to cover one another transversely of the cathode, and presenting thereto a substantially unbroken surface, spaced substantially uniformly from the cathode.
- An electrolytic cell comprising spaced anodes rhomboid in section, a diaphragm, and a cathode in position for cooperating with said anodes, the anodes covering each other transversely of the cathode, and presenting thereto a substantially unbroken surface, spaced substantially uniformly from the cathode.
- An electrolytic cell comprising spaced anodes trapezoidal in section, a diaphragm, and a cathode in position for cooperating with said anodes, the anodes covering each other transversely of the cathode, and presenting thereto a substantially unbroken surface, spaced substantially uniformly from the cathode.
- An electrolytic cell comprising spaced vertical anodes, a diaphragm, and a cathode in position for cooperating with said anodes, the anodes covering one another at their top parts transversely of the cathode, and pre-.v senting thereto a substantially unbroken surface, spaced substantially uniformly from the cathode.
- An electrolytic cell comprising spaced vertical anodes, a. diaphragm, and a cathode in position for cooperating with said anodes, the adjacent spaced surfaces of the anodes being disposed at their top parts at acute angles relatively to the cathode and so as to cover one another transversely of the cathode,
- n electrolytic cell comprising spaced 'vertical anodes rhomboid in section, a diaphragm, and a cathode in position for cooper ating with said anode, the anodes covering each other transversely of the cathode, and
- An electrolytic cell comprising spaced vertical anodes trapezoidal in section, a diaphragm, and a cathode in position for cooperating with said anode, the anodes covering each other transversely of the cathode, and presenting thereto a substantially unbroken surface, spaced substantially uniformly from the cathode.
- An anode for electrolytic cells for the composition of aqueous alkaline solutions composed of sections which are trapezoidal in cross-section.
- An anode for electrolytic cells for the decomposition of aqueous alkaline solutions composed of sections which are rhomboidal in section.
- An electrolytic cell comprising spaced anodes, a diaphragm and a cathode in position for cooperating with said anodes, current being delivered, during the operation of the cell, to all parts of the cathode, the anodes covering each other transversely of the cathode, and presenting thereto a substantiall unbroken surface, spaced substantially un formly from the cathode.
- An electrolytic cell comgrising spaced anodes formed of graphite, a a cathode in position for cooperatin' with said anodes, current being, dehvered, bring the operation of the cell, to all parts of the cathode, the anodes covering each other transversely of the cathode, and presenting thereto a substantially unbroken surface, spaced subi stantially uniformly from the cathode.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE362755X | 1930-07-23 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US1879842A true US1879842A (en) | 1932-09-27 |
Family
ID=6307364
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US518234A Expired - Lifetime US1879842A (en) | 1930-07-23 | 1931-02-25 | Electrolytic cell and in anodes used in such cells |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US1879842A (fr) |
FR (1) | FR711024A (fr) |
GB (1) | GB362755A (fr) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4211627A (en) * | 1978-07-27 | 1980-07-08 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Permionic membrane electrolytic cell |
US4274928A (en) * | 1978-07-27 | 1981-06-23 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Process for electrolyzing brine in a permionic membrane electrolytic cell |
FR2625754A1 (fr) * | 1988-01-08 | 1989-07-13 | Saint Gobain Vitrage | Synthese de sels metalliques d'acides faibles et en particulier du formiate d'indium |
EP3249079A1 (fr) * | 2016-05-27 | 2017-11-29 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Réacteur électrolytique |
US10837116B2 (en) | 2017-11-27 | 2020-11-17 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Foerderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. | Electrolytic reactor |
-
1931
- 1931-02-03 GB GB3490/31A patent/GB362755A/en not_active Expired
- 1931-02-11 FR FR711024D patent/FR711024A/fr not_active Expired
- 1931-02-25 US US518234A patent/US1879842A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4211627A (en) * | 1978-07-27 | 1980-07-08 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Permionic membrane electrolytic cell |
US4274928A (en) * | 1978-07-27 | 1981-06-23 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Process for electrolyzing brine in a permionic membrane electrolytic cell |
FR2625754A1 (fr) * | 1988-01-08 | 1989-07-13 | Saint Gobain Vitrage | Synthese de sels metalliques d'acides faibles et en particulier du formiate d'indium |
EP0324664A1 (fr) * | 1988-01-08 | 1989-07-19 | Saint-Gobain Vitrage International | Synthèse de formiate d'indium |
US5104498A (en) * | 1988-01-08 | 1992-04-14 | Saint-Gobain Recherche | Electrolytic synthesis of metal salts of weak acids |
EP3249079A1 (fr) * | 2016-05-27 | 2017-11-29 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Réacteur électrolytique |
US10837116B2 (en) | 2017-11-27 | 2020-11-17 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Foerderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. | Electrolytic reactor |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB362755A (en) | 1931-12-10 |
FR711024A (fr) | 1931-09-01 |
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