US1878488A - Generation of persistent disabling gases - Google Patents
Generation of persistent disabling gases Download PDFInfo
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- US1878488A US1878488A US550599A US55059931A US1878488A US 1878488 A US1878488 A US 1878488A US 550599 A US550599 A US 550599A US 55059931 A US55059931 A US 55059931A US 1878488 A US1878488 A US 1878488A
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- Prior art keywords
- gas
- diphenylamine
- chlorarsine
- disabling
- gases
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
- F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
- F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
- F42B12/46—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing gases, vapours, powders or chemically-reactive substances
- F42B12/50—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing gases, vapours, powders or chemically-reactive substances by dispersion
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06D—MEANS FOR GENERATING SMOKE OR MIST; GAS-ATTACK COMPOSITIONS; GENERATION OF GAS FOR BLASTING OR PROPULSION (CHEMICAL PART)
- C06D7/00—Compositions for gas-attacks
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B27/00—Hand grenades
Definitions
- This invention relates to disabling and irritating gases and gas mixtures, and to gas generating chemicals of the type which produce, or which may be readily converted into,
- disabling and irritating gases which will persist for a relatively long period of time, and which when inhaled cause intense burning and extremely oppressive pains across the chest, and violent headache in the front part of the head; the inhaled gases also cause violent nausea and vomiting and tem orarily completely incapacitates a person; ut the disabling effects of such inhaled gas pass 0E after a time so that an individual inhaling the same is not permanently injured thereby.
- An object of the invention is to provide a chemical charge which will produce a disabling gas that will so completely incapacitate a lawbreaker that he will be unable to leave the scene of his unlawful acts for some time.
- a further object of the invention is to provide a chemical charge which will produce a dsabling gas that will so completely incapacitate a person that the police authorities will be aided in the capture of criminals at the scene of an attemptedcrime by rendering said criminals physically incapable of resisting arrest.
- a further object of the invention is to provide a chemical charge which will produce a disabling gaseous mixture which is intolerable in exceedingly low concentrations, so that the gas which is rapidly dispersed through the atmosphere by the heat and pressure generated by the force of the explosion 5 which discharges and volatilizes the mass of chemicals liberating the gas will rapidly be efiective in all parts of the room in which the gas Was dispersed, or when discharged in the open air will be rapidly dispersed and 69 render a considerable area intolerable and thereby disperse or disable a large mob of people.
- a further object is to provide a chemical charge which will produce a disabling gas mixture which will liberate a disabling gas or gases, and which -will persist in its disabling properties for a long period of time, and thereby prevent the commission of an unlawful act for a considerable period after 70 the gas has been liberated.
- a further object is to provide a chemical charge which will produce a disabling gas which so completely incapacitates the person inhaling the same that he will become very 7 sick and suffer. considerable pain, so much so that the person will be compelled to lie down, and will be unable to complete his unlawful acts, and will be unable to leave the premises for some time, thereby increasing the probability of his capture at the scene of 1118 unlawful acts.
- a further object of the invention is to provide cartridges, hand grenades, and similar devices with the herein described gas genhand grenade containing a charge of the gas generating chemicals described herein.
- a cartridge shell 1 is provided with a primer 2, a charge of propellant powder, for example smokeless powder 3, a wad 4, a layer of gas generating chemical, for example
- eaann ole diphenylamine-chlorarsine 5, wad '6, a gelatine or other suitable capsule which also contain some diphenylamine-chlorarsine dissolved ethyl mercaptan, or mixpersed gas gene ture of solvents, '?,a wad 8, a seal 9, and a suitable cushion lining l0.
- the propellant smokeless powder is mixed with the gas generating chem ical, for example, diphenylamine-chlcrarsine 12, a 13, a cushion i l, and a capsule containing some diphenylamine-chlorarsine dissolved in ethyl mercaptan or other solvent, such as furfural, or crotonaldehyde.
- the gas generating chem ical for example, diphenylamine-chlcrarsine 12, a 13, a cushion i l, and a capsule containing some diphenylamine-chlorarsine dissolved in ethyl mercaptan or other solvent, such as furfural, or crotonaldehyde.
- the propellant, smokeless powder 17, is separated by a wad l8 and cushion 19, from the capsule containing a solution of a gas generating chemical, for example, diphenylaminechlorarsine in ethyl mercaptan, furfural, crotonaldehyde, etc., or a mixture of any of these solvents.
- a gas generating chemical for example, diphenylaminechlorarsine in ethyl mercaptan, furfural, crotonaldehyde, etc., or a mixture of any of these solvents.
- a grenade body is provided with holes or vents 26, sealed-with a soft fusible metal seal 27, and then tilled with a charge consisting of diphenylamine-chlora-rsine, and smokeless powder 28, covered with a starting composition 29, which may consist of smokeless powder and celluloid, and the fuse head attached, the fuse head is provided with a match-head 31 which is in close proximity to the starting composition.
- the pin 32 is withdrawn and the grenade immediatley thrown, whereupon it goes oil the seal 27 bursts, and the generated gas liberated and dispersed by the heat and pressure of the explosion.
- the gas generating chemical used in this invention is preferably diphenylamine-chlorarsine, but I may also use diphenyl-aminecyanarsine, or diphenylchlorarsine, or mixtures thereof, dissolved to about concentration in a suitable solvent, or they may be sus pended in a saturated solution thereof, for example, in ethyl-mercaptan, furfural, or orotonaldehyde, or a mixture of any of these solvents.
- the solution is suitably enclosed in a capsule which is placed in cartridges, etc., which latter are provided with propellant and heat generating explosives, and when fired, volatilize and rapidly disperse the generated gases over a large area, and render the atmosphere intolerable for a long time even at such low concentrations of the dispersed gas or gases as about 0.0223 mg. per liter of air for one minute exposure, or 0.0003 milligrams per liter of air for ten minutes of exposure, the concentration varying with-the volume of the space into which the gases had been dispersed.
- the disabling efi'ects of the gas is much more prolonged than with gases in general use, and may last for several hours, and even for a full day without producing permanent injury.
- the chemicals may be used in the following general proportions, diphenylaminechlorarsine, or diphenylaminecyanarsine, or diphenylchlorarsine, 20 percent to about 35 percent; the balance to consist of a solvent, which may be a single or mixed solvent, for example, ethyl mercaptan, or furfural, or crotonaldehyde, or a mixture of any of these.
- a solvent which may be a single or mixed solvent, for example, ethyl mercaptan, or furfural, or crotonaldehyde, or a mixture of any of these.
- Fig. 1 about 25 percent by weight of diphenylamine-chlorarsine, or diphenylaminecyanarsine, or diphenylchlorarsine, or a mixture thereof, is used, and about 75 percent of smokeless powder, as illustrated; the solu tion in the capsule 7 may contain from 10 percent to 25 percent of diphenylamine-chlorarsine, or other chemical indicated in ethyl mercaptan, or furfural, or crotonaldehyde, as described herein.
- Fig. 2 about 25 percent by weight of diphenylamine-chlorarsine, or other chemical indicated, is mixed with about 75 percent of smokeless powder; the solution in the capsule may be the same as in Fig. 1.
- the charge of smokeless powder 17 need not necessarily contain any of the gas generating chemical but it may do so; the capsule 20 preferably contains about 25 percent of'diphenylamine-chlorarsine, or other chemical indicated and about '1' 5 percent of solvent, which may be any of those described herein, for example, ethyl mercaptan, furfural, or crotonaldehyde, or mixture thereof.
- the charge in the grenade contains from about 20 percent to about 35 percent of diphenylamine-chlorarsine or other chemical indicated above, and the balance of smokeless powder; the charge is covered with a starting composition 29 as described above, and fired with the match-head 31.
- said solvents when vaporized function as vehicles for the vaporized d phenylaminechlorarsine or other lachrymatory chemicals associated therewith.
- a unitary association containing gas generating chemicals capable of developing persistent disabling gases, cons sting of from 20 percent to 35 percent of diphenylamine- *chlorarsine associated with a liquid contain ing diphenylamine-chlorarsine and an ex- 'plosive, whereby the vaporized liquid functions as a vehicle for the vaporized diphenylamine-chlorarsine.
- a unitary association containing gas generating chemicals consisting of a solution of diphenylamine-chlorarsine in ethyl mercaptan, and associated w th heat generating means to volatilize and disperse said gas generating chemicals.
- a unitary association contain ng gas generating chemicals consisting of a solution of diphenylamine-chlorars ne in furfural, and, associated with heat generating means to volatilize and disperse said gas generating chem cals.
- a unitary association containing gas generating chemicals consisting of a solution of diphenylamine-chlorarsine in crotonaldehyde, and associated with heat generating means to volatilize. and disperse said gas generating chemicals.
- a unitary association containing gas generating chemicals consisting of a solution of diphenylamine-chlorarsine dissolved in a mixture containing at least two of the solvents ethyl mercaptan, furfural, and'crotonaldehyde, and assoclated with heat generating means to volatilize and disperse said gas generating chemicals.
Description
Sept. 20, 1932. B. c. GOSS 1,878,488
GENERATION OF PERSISTENT DISABIJING- GASES Filed July 13, 1931 Patented Sept. 20, 1932 NITED S anon c. eoss, or CLEVELAND, onro Application filed July 18, 1831. Serial No. 550,599.
This invention relates to disabling and irritating gases and gas mixtures, and to gas generating chemicals of the type which produce, or which may be readily converted into,
disabling and irritating gases which will persist for a relatively long period of time, and which when inhaled cause intense burning and extremely oppressive pains across the chest, and violent headache in the front part of the head; the inhaled gases also cause violent nausea and vomiting and tem orarily completely incapacitates a person; ut the disabling effects of such inhaled gas pass 0E after a time so that an individual inhaling the same is not permanently injured thereby. It has frequently happened that bandits and others have broken into bank safes, vaults, post oifices, jewelry stores, etc., which have been provided with gas protection systems, and have succeeded in committing unlawful acts because the particular gas used did not sufiiciently punish the bandits or others, or because the effects of the gas did not persist for a sufficiently long period of time, or because the bandits wore gas masks, or because the bandits left when the gas was evolved, and returned later. After having left the'scene of the unlawful act, it is frequently difiicult to apprehend the persons committing the same, whereas if he had been made so very sick that it would not be possible for him to leave the premises for a considerable time, his capture at the scene of the unlawful act would have been more probable. An object of the invention is to provide a chemical charge which will produce a disabling gas that will so completely incapacitate a lawbreaker that he will be unable to leave the scene of his unlawful acts for some time. I
A further object of the invention is to provide a chemical charge which will produce a dsabling gas that will so completely incapacitate a person that the police authorities will be aided in the capture of criminals at the scene of an attemptedcrime by rendering said criminals physically incapable of resisting arrest. A further object of the invention is to provide a chemical charge which will produce a disabling gaseous mixture which is intolerable in exceedingly low concentrations, so that the gas which is rapidly dispersed through the atmosphere by the heat and pressure generated by the force of the explosion 5 which discharges and volatilizes the mass of chemicals liberating the gas will rapidly be efiective in all parts of the room in which the gas Was dispersed, or when discharged in the open air will be rapidly dispersed and 69 render a considerable area intolerable and thereby disperse or disable a large mob of people.
A further object is to provide a chemical charge which will produce a disabling gas mixture which will liberate a disabling gas or gases, and which -will persist in its disabling properties for a long period of time, and thereby prevent the commission of an unlawful act for a considerable period after 70 the gas has been liberated.
A further object is to provide a chemical charge which will produce a disabling gas which so completely incapacitates the person inhaling the same that he will become very 7 sick and suffer. considerable pain, so much so that the person will be compelled to lie down, and will be unable to complete his unlawful acts, and will be unable to leave the premises for some time, thereby increasing the probability of his capture at the scene of 1118 unlawful acts.
A further object of the invention is to provide cartridges, hand grenades, and similar devices with the herein described gas genhand grenade containing a charge of the gas generating chemicals described herein.
In Fig. 1, a cartridge shell 1 is provided with a primer 2, a charge of propellant powder, for example smokeless powder 3, a wad 4, a layer of gas generating chemical, for
eaann ole, diphenylamine-chlorarsine 5, wad '6, a gelatine or other suitable capsule which also contain some diphenylamine-chlorarsine dissolved ethyl mercaptan, or mixpersed gas gene ture of solvents, '?,a wad 8, a seal 9, and a suitable cushion lining l0.
Fig. 2, the propellant smokeless powder is mixed with the gas generating chem ical, for example, diphenylamine-chlcrarsine 12, a 13, a cushion i l, and a capsule containing some diphenylamine-chlorarsine dissolved in ethyl mercaptan or other solvent, such as furfural, or crotonaldehyde.
ln Fig. 3, the propellant, smokeless powder 17, is separated by a wad l8 and cushion 19, from the capsule containing a solution of a gas generating chemical, for example, diphenylaminechlorarsine in ethyl mercaptan, furfural, crotonaldehyde, etc., or a mixture of any of these solvents.
in Fi i, a grenade body is provided with holes or vents 26, sealed-with a soft fusible metal seal 27, and then tilled with a charge consisting of diphenylamine-chlora-rsine, and smokeless powder 28, covered with a starting composition 29, which may consist of smokeless powder and celluloid, and the fuse head attached, the fuse head is provided with a match-head 31 which is in close proximity to the starting composition. When the grenade is used, the pin 32 is withdrawn and the grenade immediatley thrown, whereupon it goes oil the seal 27 bursts, and the generated gas liberated and dispersed by the heat and pressure of the explosion.
The gas generating chemical used in this invention is preferably diphenylamine-chlorarsine, but I may also use diphenyl-aminecyanarsine, or diphenylchlorarsine, or mixtures thereof, dissolved to about concentration in a suitable solvent, or they may be sus pended in a saturated solution thereof, for example, in ethyl-mercaptan, furfural, or orotonaldehyde, or a mixture of any of these solvents.
The solution is suitably enclosed in a capsule which is placed in cartridges, etc., which latter are provided with propellant and heat generating explosives, and when fired, volatilize and rapidly disperse the generated gases over a large area, and render the atmosphere intolerable for a long time even at such low concentrations of the dispersed gas or gases as about 0.0223 mg. per liter of air for one minute exposure, or 0.0003 milligrams per liter of air for ten minutes of exposure, the concentration varying with-the volume of the space into which the gases had been dispersed. The disabling efi'ects of the gas is much more prolonged than with gases in general use, and may last for several hours, and even for a full day without producing permanent injury. A person ex posed to such a l w concentration of the dis- ;ed by the chemicals described herein would be severely punished, the inhaled gas causing nausea and vomiting, accompanied with an intense burning sensation and extremely oppressive pain across the chest, and also in most cases a violen headache in the front part of the head. The result of such exposure would be that the person would be unable to leave the place of the unlawful act but would become so violently sick that he would be compelled to lie down and be entirely incapable of resisting capture for some time. Urdinary gas masks in general use do not entirely protect the wearer against gases containing diphenylamine-chlorarsine, or the other gas generating chemicals above named.
The chemicals may be used in the following general proportions, diphenylaminechlorarsine, or diphenylaminecyanarsine, or diphenylchlorarsine, 20 percent to about 35 percent; the balance to consist of a solvent, which may be a single or mixed solvent, for example, ethyl mercaptan, or furfural, or crotonaldehyde, or a mixture of any of these.
In Fig. 1, about 25 percent by weight of diphenylamine-chlorarsine, or diphenylaminecyanarsine, or diphenylchlorarsine, or a mixture thereof, is used, and about 75 percent of smokeless powder, as illustrated; the solu tion in the capsule 7 may contain from 10 percent to 25 percent of diphenylamine-chlorarsine, or other chemical indicated in ethyl mercaptan, or furfural, or crotonaldehyde, as described herein.
In Fig. 2, about 25 percent by weight of diphenylamine-chlorarsine, or other chemical indicated, is mixed with about 75 percent of smokeless powder; the solution in the capsule may be the same as in Fig. 1.
In Fig. 3, the charge of smokeless powder 17 need not necessarily contain any of the gas generating chemical but it may do so; the capsule 20 preferably contains about 25 percent of'diphenylamine-chlorarsine, or other chemical indicated and about '1' 5 percent of solvent, which may be any of those described herein, for example, ethyl mercaptan, furfural, or crotonaldehyde, or mixture thereof.
In Fig. 4, the charge in the grenade contains from about 20 percent to about 35 percent of diphenylamine-chlorarsine or other chemical indicated above, and the balance of smokeless powder; the charge is covered with a starting composition 29 as described above, and fired with the match-head 31.
lln addition to the disabling properties which the solvents referred to herein possess, said solvents when vaporized function as vehicles for the vaporized d phenylaminechlorarsine or other lachrymatory chemicals associated therewith.
In the claims, where diphenylaminechlorarsine is mentioned the claims should be understood as including either diphenylamine-chlorarsine, diphenylaminecyanarsine,
or diphenylchlorarsine, or any mixture thereof, as the gas generating agent.
I claim 1. A unitary association containing gas generating chemicals capable of developing persistent disabling gases, consisting of diphenylamine-chlorarsine in proximity to an explosive, and a capsule containing dissolved diphenylamine-chlorarsine, said gas generating chemical adapted to be volatilized and dispersed by said explosive whereby the vaporized solvent functions as a vehicle for the vaporized diphenylamine-chlorarsine.
2. 'A unitary association containing gas generating chemicals capable of developing persistent disabling gases, consisting of diph-enylamine-chlorarsine associated with a liquid containing diphenylamine-chlorarsine, and an explosive; whereby the vaporized liquid functions as a vehicle for the vaporized diphenylamine-chlorarsine.
3. A unitary association containing gas generating chemicals capable of developing persistent disabling gases, cons sting of from 20 percent to 35 percent of diphenylamine- *chlorarsine associated with a liquid contain ing diphenylamine-chlorarsine and an ex- 'plosive, whereby the vaporized liquid functions as a vehicle for the vaporized diphenylamine-chlorarsine.
4. A unitary association containing gas generating chemicals consisting of a solution of diphenylamine-chlorarsine in ethyl mercaptan, and associated w th heat generating means to volatilize and disperse said gas generating chemicals.
5. A unitary association contain ng gas generating chemicals consisting of a solution of diphenylamine-chlorars ne in furfural, and, associated with heat generating means to volatilize and disperse said gas generating chem cals. i
6. A unitary association containing gas generating chemicals consisting of a solution of diphenylamine-chlorarsine in crotonaldehyde, and associated with heat generating means to volatilize. and disperse said gas generating chemicals.
7. A unitary association containing gas generating chemicals consisting of a solution of diphenylamine-chlorarsine dissolved in a mixture containing at least two of the solvents ethyl mercaptan, furfural, and'crotonaldehyde, and assoclated with heat generating means to volatilize and disperse said gas generating chemicals.
In testimony whereof I. hereby aflix my signature.
BYRON C GOSS.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US550599A US1878488A (en) | 1931-07-13 | 1931-07-13 | Generation of persistent disabling gases |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US550599A US1878488A (en) | 1931-07-13 | 1931-07-13 | Generation of persistent disabling gases |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US1878488A true US1878488A (en) | 1932-09-20 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US550599A Expired - Lifetime US1878488A (en) | 1931-07-13 | 1931-07-13 | Generation of persistent disabling gases |
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| Country | Link |
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| US (1) | US1878488A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3085047A (en) * | 1960-10-13 | 1963-04-09 | Fed Lab Inc | Stabilization of diphenylaminechlorarsine gas generating charges by coating the particles with a drying oil |
-
1931
- 1931-07-13 US US550599A patent/US1878488A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3085047A (en) * | 1960-10-13 | 1963-04-09 | Fed Lab Inc | Stabilization of diphenylaminechlorarsine gas generating charges by coating the particles with a drying oil |
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