US1877801A - britten - Google Patents

Description

Sept 20 1932- E. F. BR1TTEN,VJR 1,877,801

CALGULATING MACHINE Filed May 29, 1930. 13 Sheets-Sheet l '46 DWI @hmmm By Sept., 2.0, 1932.

E. F. BRITTEN, JR

CALCULATING MACHINE f Filed May 29, 1950 13 Sheets-Sheet 2 Sept. 20, 1932. E. F. BRlT-TEN, JR

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Patented Sept. 20, 1932 UNITED vSTATES PATENT OFFICE EDWIN F. BEITTEN, .m or MAPLEwooD, NEW JERSEY, AssIGNoE mo MONROE CALCU- chines and principal object is to mechanismfwhereby calculations may be op- -:for holding VnA'rINc, MACHINE COMPANY, or

WARE

ORANGE, NEW JERSEY, A. CORPORATION OF DELA@r cALcULA'rING MACHINE Application med lay 29,1930. Serial I'Wo. 457,004.

This invention relates to calculating maparticularly tomachines adapted British currency,and the provide a 7selecting for calculations in tionally performed by either fractional, decimal equivalent, or straight decimal methods at the will of the operator.

Another objectl of the invention is toprovide a shiftable selecting mechanism wherein the same keys are used for both decimal and decimal equivalent calculations.

Another object is to provide a means to release 'le depressed keys beforejtheselecting mechanism is moved from decimal position to decimal equivalent position or vice versa. y

i Another object is to provide detent means the selecting mechanism when shifted to the desired'position.

A further object of the invention is to pro` 'I vide a calculating machine, adapted for British currency calculations," with means/,to pref yvent the product wheels frombeing `accidentally shifted from straight decimal or dcci- "s of thekeyboard, indicating keys to be ignored mal equivalent to fractional position, or out of .fractional position, -once the machine lias/ been set. i v 1 Other objects will ap ar from the 'follow- `ing description and j appended claims. I attain allof-these objects by; the means shown ing drawings, in which Fig. 1 is aV somewhat' diagrammatic top plan view of a machine embodying the invention. i

Fig. 2 is a right-hand Vside elevation with parts broken away for clearness. g Fig. 3 is a vertical sectionaly view taken substantially on line 3--3 of Fig. 1. j Fig. 4 is a vertical sectional vview taken substantially on line 4 4 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 5 is a vertical sectional view taken substantially on line 5 5 of Fig. 1. Fig. 6 is a detail perspective view of the pence numeral wheel.

w11 lie/pointed out in the` in the accompanys Figi? is a detail perspective view of the yunits of the shillings numeral wheel.

Fig. 8 is a detail perspective view of the tens of shillings numeral wheeh Fig. 9 is a detail perspective View of a decimal numeral wheel.

'Fig. 10 is a detail pence selector gears. j j l Fig. 1l is a detail perspective view of a l portiony of the key mechanism.

Fig. 12 isa fragmentary vertical sectional lView taken Fig. 5. i f

substantially on line 12-12 of perspective view of the Fig. 13 is al detail perspective view of a pori tion of the key mechanism used in the decimal equivalent column.

Fig. 14 is a fragmentaryvertical sectional viewj taken through the 0 key of the shiftable column of keys.- l

F ig15 isa fragmentary top plan View of certain selectorbails and associated parts.

,-Fgigfl "is affragmentary detail view cfa lpiartof tli key mechanism. e

Fignlf'? is a diagrammatic top plan View of when calculations in British currency by the decimal equivalent methodare being effected.

Fig. 18:-\is"a,s'imilai view indicating keys ignored`when working in British Currency by fractions. f A

Fig. 19 is a similar view indicating the keys to be ignored wheny using the machine for straight decimal calculation.

Fig. 20 is a fragmentary top plan view of a machine embodying-a modiiieddform of the invention. a i. Fig. 21 is a fragmentary right-hand side elevation of the form shown in Fig. 19, the casing being broken away for clearness.

Fig. 22 is an enlarged fragmentary vertical sectional view taken just inside the right-hand side frame showing the modified form more clearly.

Fig. 23 is a fragmentary vertical sectlon lfied form of means designatesthe casin taken through the bail shifting plate of the modified form. i A

Fig. 24 is a detail perspective of the modifor shifting the bails in the second, third, fourth and fifth columns from the right.

Like characters of reference refer to like parts in all views.

Before describing the invention in detail, it may be helpful to mention that by Way of illustrating the application'of my invention, I have chosen to show the same as incorporated in a calculating machine of the well-known Monroe construction, although this is to be considered as merely illustrative, the invention being applicable to machines of various types. 1 Y

The general construction and operation of the Monroe type of machine is set forth in the U. S. Patent No. 1,566,650 issued to George C. Chase, December 22, 1925, asmodified by Patent No. 1,664,661 issued to George C. Chase entitled Full cycle positioning mechanism, and is `Well known in the art, having been incorporated in a great number of machines placed on` the market and in wide general use.

It may be well at this point to indicate the intended Vmeanings of certain phrases used in this specification. The term fraction or fractional method or kindred expressions as used herein refers not to vulgar fractions as might be supposed, but to dealing with monetary values not based on a decimal system. The term decimal equivalent means the conversion of values not based on a decimal system to corresponding decimal system values. Thus 10d.+4d.==1s. 2d. is considered as a i fractional system addition; and by changing the problem into decimal equivalents we would have .04167+ .01667,--.05834. p

[Referringto the 'drawings-indetail, 30 and 31'the side frames of the machine: f A eyboard is shown at 32 and", uides a plurality of manipulative key mem rs as follows: fraction keys 33 used only in fractionalcalculations; digit-setting keys 34 and zero ke s 35, a column of decimal equivalent setting eys 36, and zero key 37,

i keyboard clearlng key 38, repeat key 39, nonrepeat key40, add-operating key or plus bar 41, subtract`-operati1ig 'key or minus bar 42, division lever` 43,l and multiplying keys 45. A driving motor yis shown at 46, a handoperating crank at 47 and a carriage at 48. The carriage 48 carries a plurality of accumulator dials as follows; a pence accumulator dial 49, a units of shillings accumulator dial 50, a tens of shillings accumulator dial 51, and a plurality of standard ten-point accumulator dials 52. A counter dial 53 registers only when the carriage is in the position shown in Fig. 1; and counters 54, being of the nineteen point type, have no carrying mechanism and each bears the ninelsignificant digits running in reverse directions from a common zero, one set of significant digits being colored differently from the other. One or more sets of ten-point counters might be used alternatively and if ten-point counters VWere used, no special dial 53 would be necessary, since with the ten point arrangement, a dial in this position Would carry over to the successive left-hand dials.

The motor driving means is illustrated substantially the same as that disclosed in the Patent No. 1,566,650 issued to George C. Chase, motor 46 having connections with a planetary gear mechanism, the gear members of which normally rotate idly but may be selectively arrested by means of a reversing clutch lever (not shown in the drawings) whereby the third member of the differential connected with shaft 55, is driven forward or reversely, respectively. Y Motor operation is controlled by means of the add' key 41, and the subtract key 42 as fully explained in Patent No. 1,566,650, hereinbefore referred to.

method (Figs. 1, 2, 4, 6 to 12, 15 and 18.) To perform calculations in British currency by the fractional method, the carriage 48 must be moved to the extreme left position as shown in Fig. 1, to bring the pence accumulator dial 49 in alignment with the column of pence or fraction keys 33.

' The three right hand dials are adapted for fractional calculations in British currency and shown to be of a different color from the rest of the dials. The pence dial 49, Figures 1, 4 and 6 is provided with one set of twelve numbers, from 0 to 11 inclusive and the gear 56 attached thereto has twelve teeth. This gear is provided with one carry tripping pin 57 clearly shown in Fig. 6. The units of shillings dial 50 is provided ywith one set of ten digits from 0 to 9 inclusive, and the attached gear 58 has ten teeth and one carry tripping lpin 59, Fig. 7 the same as the accumulator dia-ls 52 shown in Fig. 9, except in color. The tens of shillings dial 51 (the third dial from the right), Figs. 1 and 8 is provided with five ls equally spaced on the face of the dial which leaves a blank space therebetween and the attached gear 60 has ten teeth and five carry pins 61. The dials 52 to the left of these fraction dials are as shown in Fig. 9, the construction being that of the Well knownA Monroe ten-point accumulator dials. The carry mechanism, as described in abovementioned patents, will advance the next higher dial one step when a carry tripping pin is turned to carry position.

As the pence numeral dial 49 travelsI from 1l t0 L0 the carry pin 57 operates the tens from l `to enter pounds, the accumulator dials therewith as described.

n forming fractional calculations. umns of keys to the left of the column of carry mechanism, described in Patent No.' 1,566,650, which advances the next dial 50, representing the units of shillings, one step upon each revolution of the pence dial. l As the units of shillings ldial 50 travels from 9 to 0the carry pin 59 operates the tens carry mechanism to advance the tens of shill-f ing dial 51 one step and one of the lsf 1s brought into alignment with the sight opening. Upon the next revolution of the umts of shillings .dial and a carry into the tens of shillings'dial, thel tens ofV shillings dial 51 1s turned to show a blank, and while turning to a blank, one of the carry tripping pins 61 o erates the carry mechanism and advances tlie dial to the left, one step, which in this form of calculation would rep` resent one pound sterling.

The keys in the diagrammatic top plan view of Fig. 18 show the oes to be depressed shillings, and pence in to which are alignedl The keys crossed off in this ligure arel to be ignored while per- The colpence keys and the l key which represents tens of shillings in the third column are of a different color to enable `the operator to select the units "and tens of shillings morev readily.

n By referring to the diagrammatic top plan vlew Fig. `18 one can readily see and understand the keys to beused and the ones to be ignored while performing calculations by fractions. The pence keys 33' include the ten digit keysfand a 10 and an 11 key, the last twoofi which act upona set of selector bails 62 and 63, which 'in 4turn yshift selector gears 64 and 65, respectively', to register 'the number represented by the key depressed, by turningyan intermediatef gear'166, which is in constant'y mesh with the gear 56 on the, dial, ythe required number of steps.` The bail 62 is provided with diverging lugs in sets of threes, (while the bail `\63 is provided with two sets of lugs each set extendingat a different angle. The bail 62 may ,move` one," two or three steps and the bail V63 may move either oneor two steps, according tothe selecting gearl section therespective bail moves into operative position. Theselecting gear 64 has three sections 67, 68 and 69 formed with one, two and` three teeth respectively, and the gear is moved by the depression of the keys 1, 5 and 9, to alignsection 6.7 ,with gear 66,and it is Imovedlby'keys 2, 6 and`10 to align section 68 with gear 66, andby keys 3. 7 and 11to align section 69 withfgearf66', whereby` one, two or three teeth will be brought into position to engage the intermediate gear 66 to advance or retract the dial 49. The selector gear 65 actuated bythe selecting bail 63 comprises two sections 70 and forward from sa;

strike" to the right maining selector gears beingA the same `as E. E. Phinney 011 December 6, 1921.

The intermediate gear 66 "has fourteen teeth, the same as all ate gears 72 to the left thereof.

described in the Patent 1,399,652 granted/to To bring the manipulative key stems for A..

the .10 and 11 keys' of the right-hand 'column within the limits of the selector bails,

I provide an arm 73 extending .forwardly from ythe vertical portion 7 4 of the 10 This arm 73 'iskey.

in the edge of a short stem 77 arranged forward of the stem of the key is provided with two vertical elements 78 for operating the latter, which is arranged in rear of the stem of the 9 key. The upper portion of the two elements 78 merge into horizontal plate 80 which is provided with a vertical bent portion through the keyboard 11 key button. L Y Due Kto the spacing of the 'two stems 77 and y7 9 with relation to the stem lofthe 9 key, the a9, 10 in raised position the key stems, ,and held up 'by springs 83 attached to a stationary pin `84 extending frame and carrying the as shown in Figsl 3, 4 and 16. v f hen performing calculations by fractions *it'isfneeessary to keep the dial f49in 'vertical `alignment with thecolumns of pence xkeys 33Jand tolprevent accidental displaceprovided with anger 75 at its forward end to extend into a notch 7 6 e 81, Fig. 11 extending ,stationary cross frame 85 of the other intermedi- 9 key. The 11 l y and 1.,11 keys are held f' byl clips 82, attached to ment ofthe carriage. I ,provide a carriagerposititming bridge 86-rigidly mounted ony the keyboard 32,in sucha position that a p1n p87," projecting from the carriage will carriage is work.. ,The to prevent inr proper position for fractional height ofthe bridge is sufficient any movement of the carriage carriage shifting knob 88.` The length vof (the 'leftlSide of the bridge when the by the turning of the Well known the bridge is sueient to'fhold the carriage v in 'its ineffective Vraised position while being shifted two spaces, `and such shifting must be done by direct manipulation of the carriage.

the accumulator dials by the turningofthe.

Amounts set up o n the keyboard by the i Y a gear 91.

= It will, of course,

selector shaft 89 and theshaft 55 on which the tens carry members are mounted.

The shaft 5,5 may be driven from4 the motor 46 by being connected to the motoi` shaft upon depression of the plus bar 41 or minus bar 42 as is well known in the art. A gear 90 is secured to the shaft 55 and meshes with The gear 91 meshes with a third gear 92 which may be optionally operated hy the hand crank. These three gears 90, 91 and 92 have a 1-to-1 ratio so that rotation of either gear 90 or gear 92 causes concomitant rotation "of gearl 91.

ear 91 is an elliptical gear 93 which meshes with an elliptical gear 94 secured to the lector shaft 89, so that while the tens carry shaft 55 is traveling at a constant speed ratio,

the selector shaft 89 is driven at a variable rate of speed.

British currency by the decimal lequivalent method.

(Figs. 1, 5 and 11 to 16 inclusive.) To setthe machine to perform calculations by the decimal equivalent method, the carriage 48 must be moved two spaces to the right, to align the right hand'one of the accumulator dials 52 with the second column of keys from the right-hand side of the machine,` and must be moved manually from the fraction"position previously explained,

.as the carriage shifting knob 88' will not raise `the front of the carriage high enough to permit the pin V87 to clear the bridge 86. be understood that the carriage may be moved freely to all positions on the right-hand side of the bridge.

The three right hand columns of keys are not used in performing calculations by the decimal equivalent method as clearly shown .in thediagrammatio-'top plan view Fig. 17, although theselector'bails of the second and third columnfromgthe right, are used to set up the fourth andr fifth places of the kdecimalfe'quivalent. For this purpose` I have provided the lower ends of the keys 36 in the y fourth columnfrom the right, with cross, or

35 on end frames cam bars 9 5 rigidly attached thereto but spacedtherefrom so that the bars will, as clearly shown in Figs. 5 and 13, register with the recesses between the lugsl on the selecting'bails of the second, third, fourth and fifth columns from right, when themachine is used for straightdecimal calculations or fractional work. Therefore, preparatory to doing decimal equivalent work, this fourth column of keys must he moved toward the front of the machine to bring the cam hars 95 over the extra lugs provided on the selecting hails operable by the bars, as shown in Figs. 5 and 15. To shift the fourth column I provide separate upper and lower key guide plates 96 and 97, rigidly mounted 98 and 99, and guided in Secured to .particular column grooves 100 provided on the keyboard 32; the lower plate is held within the plane of the lower keyboard frame 101, by a plate 102 attached to and slidable with the lower plate 97. The outer edges of the plate 102 are turned down at right angles and provided with .grooves for guiding the outer ends of the cam bars 95. This column of keys ,36 and 37 slides a distance equal to the space between the centers of the lower end of `the key stem and the attached cam bar 95and is operated by a manipulating handle 103 attached to and extending from the front end of the upper plate 96.`

To prevent accidental shifting of this column of keys, I provide the stem of the zero key 37 with a forwardly extending pin 104 provided with reduced portions or notches 105 and 106 which engage a keeper 107, fixed to the edges of the stationary keyboard 32, as shown in Figs. 5, 12, and 13. IVhen the machine is used as a decimal equivalent machine the notch 106 of the pin 104 is locked in the small portion of a key-hole slot formed in the keeper 107, and the column of keys cannot be returned to decimal or fractional position until the zero key 37 is depressed to disengage the pin 104 from the key-hole slot of the keeper 107, which causes any key in this that stands in depressed position to be released. Vhen the column of keys 36 and 37 has been moved to decimal or fractional position any numeral key depressed, will release the zero key, which is then raised by its spring, so that the notch 105 will engage the key-hole slot of the keeper 107 and lock the column in rear position.

The construction of the 10 and 11 key 36 in this column is identically the same as that of the corresponding keys for the pence fraction` keys 33 except for the addition of a cam har'95 to each of the stems 77 and With theA fourth column of keys from the right, moved to decimal equivalent position as shown in Fig. 17, the cross bars 95, on the lower ends of these keys will be in position to engage the added lugs on the second, third, fourth and fifth sets of selector hails from the right. The selector hails of these sets are indicated in Fig. 15 by the reference characters A and B, A indicating the 4vside hails and B the -side hails of these sets. The usual lugs have been reduced in width and the added lugs are shown directly opposite the digits 1-9 between the hails and which indicate the values set up by the respective lugs. For example, should the 1.key' of the column of keys 36 be depressed. the significant digits of .00417 (decimal equivalent of one penny), will be set up by the first second and third sets of hails A and B. In Fig. 15, the decimal equivalent values of 1 to 11 pence are indicated by the small numerals between the sets of selector hails A and B. Large numerals to theleft of all the bails indicate the usual ninedigital values and similar numerals at the right-,indicate the values necessary for registration in pence.

Inspection of Fig. l5 cate that depression of the keys 36 will set up the following decimal equivalent values:

Key Decimal equivalent 1 .00417 2 .00833 3 .01250 4 .01667 5 .02083 6 .02500 7 .02917 8 .03333 9 L .03750 l0 .04167 11 .04583 The added lugs on the several bails A and B are formed so as to be moved by the respective cam bars 95 the necessary distances to effect registration of the significant portions of the above table of equivalents, such table having been based on lVhenthe cam bars 95 are in their operative position (i. e. when the keys 36-37 are forward), the usual cams on the lower ends of the key stems proper will be in alignment with recesses between the lugs so that when the keys are depressed, the usual cams of keys 36 will have no effect tive bails A and B.

The selector gears 108, and intermediate gears 72, from the second column from the right to the left of the machine are identical, and operate as described in Patent 1,566,650, and the accumulator dials 52 are all of the usual ten point Monroe type, as illustrated in Fig. 9.

In setting up the decimal equivalents of shillings, it will be noted that multiples of five will be set (there being twenty shillings in a pound sterling). Referring to Fig. 17, it will be seen that shillings are to be set up on the two rows of keys to the left of the movable keys 36, and small numerals kare placed on certain of these keys, the 5 key of the right hand row having a small l v1nscribed on it and the keys of the left hand one of these rows having small numerals 2 to 18 (even numbers only) inscribed thereon. When it is desired to set up an even number l of shillings, the key bearing this small number is depressed; but when it is desired to set up an odd vnumber of shillings, the next lower even number key is set and also the key bearing the small 1 in the right hand one of these columns'is set. It will, therefore, be noted that as the 5 key (bearing'the small 1) is the only key of this row ever set for will therefore inditill upon the respec-I f decimal equivalent Work, the bail B associ-4 ated With this row will be the only one set directly from this row 0f keys in decimal equivalent work, and as the decimal equivalent of pence never requires a setting of more than 4 by the bails of this row, the bail A yof this set will be the only one ever operated in setting up decimal equivalents of pence, so that there will never be an interference or double control of either bail associated with this row.

Straight decimal calculations (Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 19.) When using the machine for straight decimal work, in addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, the pin 87 must be'kept on the right hand sideof the bridge 86, Fig. 1, and the keys in the fourth column from the right-hand side of the machine must be in decimal or rear position, Fig. 4, with the notch 105 of pin 104 locked in the key-holeslot in the keeper 107 to insure horizontal alignment of the shiftable column of keys 36 with the rest of the keys of the keyboard. The 10 and keys'of the shiftable column of keys 36 are ignored'as well as the keys of the first column on right hand side of the machine'as shown crossed off in Fig. 18. With parts in this position the machine may be used for strai ht decimal. calculations in the usual wellnown manner.

Modified form (Figs. 20 to 24 inclusive.) A modifiedy orm 'of means for changing the machine from `condition for fractional'or straight decimal calculations to condition for decimal equivalent work and vice versa is shown in Figs. 20 to 24. In this form of the invention, certain sets of selector bails are moved with respect to their coacting columns of keys to 'l effect such change. The keys 36 or those in the fourth column from the right-hand sidel of the machine remain stationary so that the cam ends of the keystems and the cross or cam bars 95 remain always in the same vertical plane, as shown in Fig. 22. The selector bails A and B of the second, third, fourth and fifth columns from the right-hand side of the machine slide on their pivot pins 109 toward the rear ofthe machine in changing from frac-tional or straight decimal calculations to decimal equivalent calculations.

To shift the four sets of bails A and B, I provide av lever-110 pivoted to the right hand side frame 31 at 111, with its free or upper end proj ectingabove the keyboard 32 through a slot 112 to provide a maniy ulating handle 113, Figs. 20, 21, 22 and 24. uring the first part of travel of the lever 110 in either direction, a double cam 114 willl force one end of a bell crank lever 115 downward by riding on a roller 116 on the free end of said lever 115. This lever 115 is the keyboard-clear permit ,operation of the keyboard clear lever 115 prior to shifting of the bails A and B by tlie high part of member 120. By moving finger piece 113 forward, the bails A and B are .adjusted so that the usual cams of the key stems will cooperate with the usual lugs of bails A and B and ordinary decimal calculations may be performed. By moving finger piece 113 rearward, the bails A and B are adjusted so that the decimalequivalent cross or cam bars 95 become effective and decimal equivalent calculations may be per.- formed.

While I have vdescribed what I consider to be the most desirable embodiments of my invention for the purpose set forth, it is obvious that changes in form could be made without departing from the spirit'of my invention, and I, therefore, do not limit myself to the exact details herein shown and described, or to anything vless than the whole of my invention as hereinafter particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

I claim:

1. In a calculating machine, the combination with accumulators and actuating devices therefor, of selecting bails including two sets of value lugs and operable to control certain of said actuating devices, a plurality of keys, a pair of operating elements operable by each of said keys and operatively associated with said lugs, and means for shifting said keys and elements as a unit to position to coact with either of said sets of lugs at the will of the operator.

2. In a calculating machine, the combina-- tion with accumulators and actuating devices therefor, of selecting bails including two sets of value lugs and operable to control certain of said actuating devices, a plurality of keys, a pair of operating elements operable by each of said keys and operatively associated with said lugs, and means shifting said lugs and elements with relation to each other for bringing said keys into operative relation to either of said sets of lugs at the will of the operator.

3. In a calculating machine, the combination with accumulators and actuating devices therefor, of a plurality of rows of settable digit keys, a plurality of controlling devices, each controlling device being operatively associated with a respective actuating device for controlling the actuating of sai accumsetting of a key ,the digit keys Ashifting one of said rows of keys from non Lwith the restoring key of a for.

ulators and normally controllable by the keys of a respective row of digit keys, means for shifting one of said rows of keys from normal position so as to bring the same into effective relationship with a pluralit of said controlling devices, and means operale upon to lock said row of keys against manual displacement from either position to which it is moved.

4. In a calculating machine, tion with accumulators and actuatin vices therefor, of a plurality of rows o keys each comprising settable ,digit keys-and restoring keys, a plurality of controlling devices, each controlling device being operatively associated with a respective actuating device for controlling the actuatin of said accumulatore and normally contro lable by of a respective row, means for the combinamal position so as to bring the same into effective relationship with a plurality of said controlling devices, and means cooperating shiftable row and operable upon setting of a key to lock said row of keys against manual displacement from either osition to which it is moved.

5. In a ca culating machine the combination with registering means and a plurality of actuators therefor, of an element for controlling a single one of said actuators to --eifect registering of a certain value, an element for controlling a plurality of said actuators simultaneously as to the values registered thereby, a single key for o eratin" both of said elements and means or rendering eitfier of said elements effective at the will of the operator.

Signed at Orange in the county of Essex and State of New llersey this 26th day of May A. D. 1930. 4 Y

- EDWIN F. BRITTEN, JR.

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