US1871589A - Internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Description

Aug. 16, 1932. F. M. DAINTON 1 INTERNA COMBUSTION ENGINE y lNvENToR 2 Sheets-Sheet l Filed Nov. 6, 1930 WITNESSES Patented Aug. 16, 1932 FFICE FRANCIS M. DAINTON, OF NEW YORK,A N. Yi., lASSIGu-NORl 0F ONE-IF-IIAIIFV TO ALFRED' ST. Y

. JAMES, 0F NEW YORK, N. Y.

INTERNAL COMBK'USTION EN .i

Application filed November 6,' 1930. VSerial No. 493,870.V

This invention relates to internal combustion engines, and more particularly to Diesel engines of the two-cycle type.

An object of the invention is to provide an engine having a stationary block enclosed in a rotary casing in which air is drawn through inlet valves in the casing, and compressed by the pistons in the block to supply the necessary charge and scavenge the engine.

A further object is to provide an engine of this character in which radially positioned pistons in the block have valves in their heads which open on the extreme outward movement of the pistons, and admit air through the pistons to eject the burnt gases.

A Jfurther object is toprovide an engine such as above describedinV which an air inlet valve is located in alignment with the inner ends of the cylinders, which is opened by the action of the pistons when pressure falls in the cylinders.

A further object is to provide an engine 01"' this character in which there is full and complete savenging and an entrapment. of pure air on the inward strokes of the pistons.

A further object is to. provide an engine of this character in which the exhaust and scavenging take place when the pistons are near the outer ends of their strokes, or what is commonly known as bottom dead center, and consequently only very small portions of the expansion and compression strokes are lost.

A further object is to provide kan engine of this character in which the parts are balanced and symmetrical, and reciprocating motion of the pistons is transformed into rotary motion of the casing so that power may be taken off at the bearing at one end of the casing and from the periphery ot the casing.

In the accompanying drawings', Figure l is a view 1n longitudinal section of my improved engine showing the pistons in liring position; j l

Figure 2 is a View in longitudinal section on a somewhat reduced scale on the line 2 2 of Figure l;` v i Figure Bis a view inlongitudinal section through the engine block, showing the pistons in their eXtreme outward positions and illustrating the admission of air through the several ports, the view beingv more-or less diagrammatic; and f 1 Figure 4 is a broken sectional view on the line H of Figure 3. l

My improved-engine comprises'an engine block, indicated as a whole by the reference character A, which is of general circular forni, and has cylindrical enlargements l and y2 at its respective ends constituting stubs on which cylindrical bearing sleeves; 3 and 4, respectively, of my improvedcasing 'B are mounted to turn. v l

It is to be understood that the'block A is stationary and may be rigidlysupported by suitableframe-work 5 at the endl of the enlar ;ementv l, and a frame-work 6 may be provided at the opposite side of the engine having a bearing sleeve 7 inwh'ich the bearing sleevev 4 turns. Y

T he engine block A is formedv with a series of (preferably four) radial bores constituting engine cylinders 8 in which working pistons 9 are mounted to reciprocate. fAs all of Y the cylinders andthe working pistons and lco-operating elements of'all the-'cylinder units are precisely alike, the same reference characters will be employed to indicate like parts in each ofr` the cylinder and piston assemblages. Y

The casing, indicated ence character B, comprises a central or intermediate annularl ring l() to whichv side plates l1 and 12 are secured in any approved manner. The intermediate ring portion 10 of the casing B is formed with an annular ingenerallyV by referternal lubricant chamber 13',V which has lcon- .o

verging flanges or walls 14 spaced apart to provide a slot 15all around the casing and in open communication with the interior thereof.

Thisy ringl portion 10 of the casing B is formed with two spaced circular series of Vpins 16 constituting racks. I would call particular attention to the construction of mounting for these pins 16 which facilitates their removal and replacement in the event of injury, and` assures a strongaiid durable structure. l n

The pins 16 are preferably made from a high grade steel, heat treated, hardened and ground full surface. They havea two-step taper and extend across a groove 17in the- Y ring 10, said groove being connected bylu* Lio transnfiit'rotary motion to the casing bricant ducts 18 with the lubricant chamber 13. The two-step taper pin is-inserted in yplace by a snug driving fit and same held in ,place by a screwed dowel or pipe plug. 19.

The outer plates of the casing, 11 or 12 asrthe case may be', bear against the outerends o'f the pins and prevent any possibility of their displacement, but in the event a pin is broken the casing plate may be removed and.I a new pin inserted; Y i

Connecting rods 21 connect pins 422 carried by the pistons 9 with crank pins 23 connecting pairs of toothed wheels 24. These toothed wheels mesh with the racks formed'by the pins 16, but more specifically with the yrollers 2O carried by said pins, and a reciprocating motion of the pistons imparts rotary motion to -the toothed wheels 24, and theBlatter The connecting rods 21 have longitudinal lubricant :ducts 25 therein which communi- -cate withrbearing sleeves y.26 .and 27 on the pins 22 and 23, respectively. The crank pins 23 have longitudinally extending lubricant ducts-28 communicatingwithbearings 29 in the engine block A, in which axle stubs 30 on the toothed wheels 24 have rotary mountings. The extremity of the connecting rod .21 has an opening or entrance 31l for the -luengine cylinders 8 communicate at the center of the engine block, and that all of the pistons 9 have tapered inner ends or heads 32 with slightly curved extremities so that at the eX- treinity of theirA inward strokes a relatively lsmall space 33 is provided, and radial spaces cylinders 3.

are provided between the pistons so as to insure an efficient operation after ignition and during the working strokes of the pistons.

The pistons 9 are provided in their working V faces with check valves 34 for a purpose if which will more fully hereinafter appear.

The engine block at its center and at one side thereof is formed with an air chamber 35 in open communication with all of the cylinders and with the space 33 above referred to. The outer wall ofthis chamber 35 has air inlet ports 36 r.which are normally closed by a check valve 37 opening inwardly. The ports 36,2111 communicate with radial passages 38,"the ends'of'whichconstitute ports 39 communicating with the interior of the side of lthe engine, where the valve 37 and passages 38 are located, a roller or other anti-friction thrust bearing 40 is pro- At this samedi* vided between the enlargement 2 of the ento Y lgine bloclrA and a ldisk-like head 41Vfixed the bearing sleeve 4 of the engine casing B. A 'relatively large air chamber 42 is 'formed in the end of the enlargement 2, and a fan or blower 43 is located in a fanchamber 44 in the head 41.* ff Y A series of radial air inlet ports 45 areA providedy in the head 44 and communicate with the air chamber 42. Y

The fan or blower casing 44 has exhaust ports 47 in its walls through which air is drawn out of the chamber 42 by the action of the fan 43, and it will be understood that as the fan revolves a continuous flow of swirling 4air will be had within the chamber 42 to maintain the bearing' cool.

The head 41 has an extension 49 thereon to which one end of a. shaft 50 is fixed, and this shaft constitutes the driving shaftof the engine, although it is also possible to take ofi' power from the periphery of the casing B.

The engine block A at the side thereof opposite to thel valve 37 is formed with a chamber or space 51 1n open communication with the interiorrofv all of the cylinders and with the space 33 above referred to. An injection nozzle 52 is mounted inA the enlargement 1 yand communicates ywith the spacev or chamber 51. l

The casingB is provided with airinlet lcheclrvalves-r '61 and air escape governing .valves 62. The valves 61 open inwardly and the valves 62 open outwardly, and said valves 62 are appre'ciably smaller and control smaller Vports'than do thegv'alves 61, and are useful only in preventing over-pressure within the engine casing.

vThe engine block A may have any suitable arrangement of water jackets 63 in communication with inlet and outlet passages 64 and 65, respectively, and a normally closed inlet- 66 may be provided in the enlargement 1 for thelinsertionkof lubricant into the casing,

f Larmes i' thereof with passages 67, which are exhaust 'aio (iii

passages, each of which connects a; pair of cylindersS, and the ends of said passages constitute exhaust ports 68 which are opened and closed by the working pistons 9.

'Ihese passages 67 communicate with eX- haustimanifolds 69 for free exhaust of the burnt gases. `The passages 67 and the mani folds 69 arein the side of the block opposite t that side of theblock in which the passages 38 are located.

The operation of my improved engine as above described is as follows: Y.

Figures 1 and-2 illustrate the pistons in their eXtreme inward positions, which are, of course, the firing positions in a two-cycle engine. In thisV position, where. the engine is ofthe' Diesel type, the air is under the proper pressure so that when there a vfuel injection from the nozzle 51 the chargewill burn, and expand and force the pistons outwardly,constituting the working strokes 0f the pistons.

It will be noted that the air passages Lil communicate with the ends of the cylinders 4 at a point where they are open at all times, so that the pressure within these passages is never lower than the pressure within the casing. During the working stroke of the pistons the valves 87 and 34 are maintained in closed position by the pressure. within the cylinders.

`When-the pistons near the extremes of their outward strokes they uncover or open the passages 67, so that the exhaust gases, rush through these passages and through the man1- folds 69 instantly lowering the pressure in the space between the pistons. The outward movement of the pistons in- .creases the pressure of air within the casing so that as these pistons move outwardly and the pressure falls within the space between the pistons, due to the exhaust ofthe burnt gases through the passages 67, the air inlet valve'37 will be opened and the air will rush into the space between the pistons and through the cylinders to force out the burnt gases through the passages 67.

As the pressure in the casing becomes greater than the pressure between the pistons the valves 34' in thepiston heads will also open so that there will be an inrush of air through the pistons, as well as pastthe valve 34, to completely scavenge the engine and y provide a fresh charge of air for compression on the inward or compression strokes of the pistons.

The positions of the several valves, pis-f` tons, etc., on theoutward strokes ofthe Y ristons are illustratedV in Figures 3 .and 4 of the drawings, the taper of theI pistons beingsuch that whilethe inward extremities of the pistons are beyond the ports-68. of passages 67, the wide walls of said pistons are beyond the said passages of the ports, as indicated clearly in Figure i of the drawings.. 1

In a. very real sense the opening of the valves charge ofV fresh air which is compressed to a maximum degreev within the casing bythe outward movement of the pistons, soV that as the pistons v'begin their inwardstroke's'the air entrapped between the pistons is at a yrelatively high pressure so :that the inward movements of the pistons bring the pressure to a degree suflicient for Diesel engine operation.

It is my belief'that the casing, by reason of these rapid revolutions, induces by centrifugal or centripetal force an intake of air which is also an aid to higher air compression, which is desirable 'and which varies in accordance with the speed Vof the engine.

lVVhile'I have illustrated what I believe to 34e in the pistonv heads admits a super-- be the preferred embodiment of my invention, y

it is to be .distinctly understood that various Y' slight changes may be madewith regard to the form-and arrangement of parts without departing. fromv my invention, and hence I do not limit myself to the precise details set forth but consider myself at liberty to'make" such changes and alterations as fairly fall within the spiritand scope of the claims.

What I claim is: l

l. A two-cycle internal combustion engine including a block having'radially arranged cylinders communicating at their inner ends, pistons mounted to reciprocate in the cylinders, an air-tight casing mounted to turn on the block, enclosing the block and to `which rotary motion is imparted b v the pistons, said block having air passages ycommunicating with'the interior of the casing, a check yi l valve admitting air from said passages to the Y space between the pistons', said block having exhaust' passages therein opened by the pistons on their outwardstrokes, and valves inthe heads of the pistons.

" 2. A two-cycle internal combustion engine including a block having radially arranged Y cylinders communicating at their inner ends,

pistons mounted to reciprocate in the vcyl-r inders, an air-tight casing mounted to turn on the block, enclosing the block and to which rotary motion is imparted by the pistons, said block having air passages communicating with the interior of the casing, a check valve admitting air` from said passages tothe spacebetween the pistons, said block having' vexhaust passages therein opened by the pistons on their outward strokes, Aand valves in. the headsfof theV pistons, said valves opened by the pressure of air back of them, the valves in the pistons opening to admit air under highest compression within vthe casing, whereby a two stage scavenging action is had.

`headsuefV the pistons, said Vpistons having tapering inner heads, the valves of the pistons located in the extremities of said tapering heads. i

4. A two-cycle internal combustion engine including a block having radially arranged cylinders,communicating at their inner ends, pistons mounted to reciprocate in the `cylinders, an air-tight casing mounted to turn on the block, enclosing the block and to which rotary motion is imparted bythe pistons, said block `having lair Vpassages communicating ,with the interiorof'the casing, a check valve admitting air from said passages to the space between 'the pistons, said block having exhaust passages therein opened by the pistons on their outward strokes, and valves in the heads of the pistons, said valves open-ed by the pressure of air back of them, the valves in the pistons opening tc admit air under highest compression within the casing.

A two-cycle internal combustion engine including a block having radially arranged cylinders communicating at their inner ends,

pistons mounted to reciprocate in the cylinders, an air-tight casing mounted to turn on the block, enclosing the block andto which rotary vmotion is imparted by the pistons, said block having air passages communicating withthe interior of the casing, a check valve admitting air from said passages to the space betweeen thepistons, said block having eX- haust passages therein opened bv the pistons on their outward strokes, valves in the heads of the pistons, said exhaust passages each con-V necting` two of the cylinders, and exhaust manifolds communicating with said passages.

6. A two-cycle internal combustion engine including a bloc-k having radiallyV arranged cylinders communicating at their inner ends, pistons mounted to reciprocate in the cylinders, an air-tight casing mounted to turn on the block,'enclosing the block and to which rotary motion is imparted by the pistons, said `block .having air passages,l communicating with the interior of the casing, a check valve admitting air from said passages to the space between the pistons, said block having ex- .liaust passages therein opened by the pistons on their outward strokes, valves inthe heads of the pistons, said valves opened by the pressure of air back of them, the valves in the therein, pistons mounted to reciprocate in the cylinders, exhaustpassages in the vblock connecting each and all of said cylinders and normally opened by the pistons only when the latter are adjacent their outward extreme of movement, and check valves in the pistons opened by air pressure which rushes through the pistons as the pistons reach the ends of their outward strokes.

9. An internal combustion engine Iof the two-cycle type comprising a block having communicating radially positioned cylinders therein, pistons mounted to reciprocate in the cylinders, exhaust passages in the block connecting each and all of said cylinders and normally opened by the pistons only when the latter are adjacent their outward extreme of movement, and check valves in the pistons 'opened by air pressure which rushes through the pistons as the pistons reach the ends of their outward strokes, said pressure of air being caused by thecutward movement of the pistons. f Y fr 10. An internal combustion engine of the two-cycle type comprising a block having communicating radially positioned cylinders therein, pistons mounted to reciprocate in the cylinders, passages connecting each of said cylinders and normally opened by the pistons only when the latter are adjacent their outward extreme of movement, check valves in the pistons opened by air pressure which rushes through the pistons as the pistons reach the ends of their outwardstrokes, a

rotary casing mounted in the block and tov which rotary movement isimparted by the pistons, saidy casing constituting an air chamber in which air is compressed by the movement of the pistons.n Y

.11. An internal combustion engine of the two-cycle type comprising a block having communicating radially positioned cylinders therein, pistons mounted to reciprocate vin the cylinders, passages connecting eachof Asaid Vcylinders and normally opened by the whereby a two stage scavenging action is had. 12. An internal combustion engine of the two-cycle type including a stationary block, a rotary hollow air-tight casing mounted toV turn on the block, reciprocating pistons in the block having a common compression chamber, passa-ges in the block in open Vcommunication with .the casing, aV check valve controlling the entrance of air from said passages to the compression chamber, exhaust passages in the block controlled bythe pistons, and super-charging valves in the heads of the pistons open only as the pistons reach the extreme of their outward movements. Y

FRANCIS M. DAINTON. Y

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