US1870408A - Coloring of textile materials - Google Patents

Description

UNITED ,sTAras PATE oFFr-cs cmnm mam rue, or New Your, n. Y. clones w. mus, or nosron, manomsun's; AND Hnnnnn'r rmrr, or cummnmnn, mmn, 'assmnons 'ro ,nnnsn oonronarrou or mnmca, a conrona'rrox or nmwmn GEL- " oononine'or rn'xrmn m'rnnrans Drawing.

This invention relates to the coloring oftextile materials such as fabric or'yarn and relates more particularlyto the'colormg oi A such material by means of water insolublecolloidally dispersed coloring matter.

An object of our invention is to impart a ing matter, such asmineral pigments and/or water insoluble organic dyestuffs. A further object of our invention is to decrease the tendency of coloring matter to rub oil from textile material bythe incorporation in the substance containing the coloringmaterial oi latex or colloidal rubber. A further object of our invention is to diminish the tendency of fabrics to slip or ladder by treating the same with a suspension of latex. Further objects of our invention will appear from Y the iollowin detailed description.v

We have ound that if textile materials, and particularly textile materials containing organic derivatives of cellulose, are treated with colloidal suspensions or solutions of min eral pigments, these pigments are absorbed by the textile material, whereby color eflects which are extremely fast to light are obtained. In order to' prevent or dimimsh the tendency ofthe coloring matter to rub oil, we have found that the addition to the substance containing the same of colloidal rubber or latex is advantageous. Moreover if such fabrics are treated with a suspension of latex, the tendency of the same to run or ladder is reduced. In accordance with our invention, we treat textile materials with a substance containing a finely divided mineral pigment and/or water soluble or insoluble organic dyestufi in coloidal suspension or solution, and preferably but, not necessarily in the presence of colloidally dispersed rubber or later.

The textile material to be treated in accordance with our invention may be yarn or-iabric. The yarnmay'bet ated'hr'the form of hanks or wound onto suitable packages such as bobbins, pirns, cones, etc. The fabric may be any suitable woven, knitted or netted fab- I Application filed iiebruary 23, 1929. serial No. 842,667.

While this invention is of general application' and is ap licable to textile materials made of all kin s of fibres, it is of special interest in the coloring of yarns containing organic derivatives of cellulose or fabrics consisting in wholeor in part of such yarns. The organic derivatives of cellulose may be organic esters of cellulose or cellulose ethers. Examples of organic esters of cellulose are cellulose acetate, cellulose formate, cellulose propionate and cellulose butyrate, while examples of cellulose ethers are ethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose and benzyl cellulose.

The fabric ma be a mixed fabric containing yarns of suc organic derivatives of cellulose and yarns of other fibres such as cotton, natural silk, wool, reconstituted cellulose (rayon) etc.

Any suitable mineral pigment may be employed in our invention. Examples of such pigments are graphite, prussian blue, vermillion, red lead, or other suitable pigments that are employed in the making of paints. Ifdesired, organic dyestuffs such as ponsol blue 3G, anthrene 'adegreen, other vat colors, the azo dyestu s or other water soluble dyestufi's may also be employed, and any suitable mixtures of the mineral pigments and/or water soluble or insoluble or ganic dyestuffs to obtain the desired color are applicable. In order to cause the textile materials to become colored,it is of importance that thepigments and/or water insoluble ,dyestufl's be applied thereto preferably in the form of a colloidal dispersion or solution, or in such fine degree of dispersion as will produce the desired coloration.

, In order to reduce the tendency of the colorin material to rub off of the textile materia after the same has been colored therewith, we prefer to add to the dye bath or" terial an appropriate amount of colloidal rubberor latex to which a suitable vulcaniz ing agent may be added if desired. The textile material may if desired be treated with a bath containing latex and no coloring matter, and this treatment may be carried out w on the undyed fabric or yarn, or on such fabric. or yarn after the same has been dyed.

. gum and In order to increase the aflinity of the textile material for the pigment, we prefer to add to the dye bath or printing paste, suitable substances that act as assistants for causing the textile material to have the color imparted thereto. These assistants ma be in the form of swelling a ents for the fi rs of the textile material an /or in the form of inor nic or organic salts such as sodium chlorigd, sodium or potassium hydrosulphite, the thiocyanate of ammonium, potassium or sodiumor other salts of a strongbaseand a weak aci such as'borax. In some cases or me compounds which me also act as sweling agents for the organic erivatives of cellulose in the textile material may be employed and examples of these are acetic acid, formic acid, acetone, etc.

Due consideration should be given to the nature of the substances employed as assistants to promote the coloring of the textile material and the concentration of the same employed. Thus if no latex is employed we have found that the use of sodium chlori e in amounts from 2 to rams per liter of dye bath give highly satis actory results. When latex is employed in conjunction with the colloidal pigment or water insoluble dyestufi, the salts of a strong base and weak acid, such as ammonium thiocyanate or borax, are very advantageously employed, and their concentration shoul be such that the coagulation of the latex is avoided. Thus in the case of ammonium thiocyanate, a concentration of from 0.5 to 2 grams per liter or more produce satisfactory results. Since acids cause the coagulation of latex, if the textile material is to be dyed with a. dye that requires the gresence of acid, this dyeing is preferably one prior'to treatment with the ath containing the latex.

In thecase of a mineral pigment such as colloidally dispersed aphite, the use of the hydrosulphite of so ium or potassium is quite feasible, and since these hydrosul hites are often employed in connection wit the vat dyes, this invention may be employed for shading the colors obtained by dyeing textile materials with such-vat dyes. Thus by 'inco crating a suitable amount of colloidal grap ite in a dye bath or printing aste containing a vat dye, and an alkaline ydrosulphite the color imparted to the textile material by such bath or paste may be deepened or darkened or shaded to any desired degree.

This shading effect may be obtained in connection with any suitable dyestufi.

This invention may be employed for -dyeing textile materials by immersing the'sa-me in a dye bath made in accordance with this invention. Moreover local color effects may be produced by printin with a suitable paste containing a sultable t ickening agent such as -gum arabic, gum tragacanth or British the col oidally dispersed coloring our and the temperature ismaterial." Also'by brushing or spraying a solution made in. accordance with our mventionthroughstencils onto fabrics,difl'erential color efl'ects may be obtained.

In order further to illustrate our invention but without being limited thereto the following specific examples are given.

Ewample I I an untreated fabric, whereas if the fabric is a knit fabric its tendency to ladder is materially reduced. i

Eeample 11 A fabric consisting wholly of yarns of cellulose acetate is treated in a bath contain iing 5 grams per liter of sodium chloride and of the 10% ofan aqueous colloidal dispersion of graphite; The time of treatment is of an 5. fabric has a medium gra color imparted thereto which color is fa1rly fast to washing and which is extremely fast to light. If instead of employing 10% of the dispersion of gaphite, 40% thereof is employed, a very dar gra color is im arted to the fabric, which co or has a goo fastness to washing and a very good fastness to light.

Example II The following is' an example wherein colloidal rubber or latex is employed to prevent or diminish the tendency of the color 130 l'llb. I J

A fabric consisting Aqueous colloidal disperson of graphite 10% Ammonium thiocyanate 1 gram per liter Latex (30%) 5 cc. per liter A medium gray color is imparted to the fabric, which color is fast to washing, very fast to light and which color does not rub.

If instead of employing 10% of graphite, 40% of the same is used, a dark ay color that is fast to washing, light an rubbing is obtained.

It is to be understood that the foregoing detailed description is given merely by way of illustration and that many variations may be made therein without departing from the spirit of our invention. v

Having described our invention what we The wholly of yarns of cel lulose acetate is treated for A of an hour at 7 5 C. in 50 times its weight of a bath which is made up as follows:

claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. Textile material containing cellulose acetate having a color imparted to at least part of the surface thereof by means of a dispersion of finely divided graphite.

2. Textile material containing cellulose acetate having a color imparted to at least part of the surface thereof by means of finely dispersed graphite and latex.

3. Method of coloring textile materials containing organic derivatives of cellulose, comprising applying thereto by means of a bath treatment a dispersion of finely divided graphite.

4. Method of coloring textile materials containing cellulose acetate, comprising applying thereto by means of a bath treatment a dispersion of finely divided graphite.

2O 5. Method of coloring textile materials containing organic derivatives of cellulose, comprising applying thereto by means of a bath treatment a dispersion of finely divided graphite in the presence of a substance that .;5 acts as an assistant for imparting color.

6. Method of coloring textile materials containing cellulose acetate, comprising applying thereto by means of a bath treatment a dilute colloidal dispersion of latex and a dis- 0 persion of finel dlvided graphite.

7. Method 0 coloring textile materials containing cellulose acetate, comprising applying thereto by means of abath treatment a dilute colloidal dispersion of latex and a dispersion of finely divided graphite in the presence of a substance that acts as an assistant for imparting the color.

In testimony whereof, we have hereunto subscribed our names.

CAMILLE DREYFUS.

GEORGE W. MILES. HERBERT PLATT.