US1868987A - Dyeing process - Google Patents

Description

Patented July 26, 1932 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE WILLIAM ROY MOORHOUSE, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR T NATIONAL ANILINE & CHEMICAL COMPANY, INC., OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK DYEING PROCESS No Drawing.

textile fabrics by means of vat dyes.

There are three principal methods generally employed for dyeing cotton and rayon piece goods with vat dyes, namely: (1) working the material to be dyed in a bath of the reduced dyestufl; (2) padding the material to be dyed with the reduced dyestufl", and then developing the color by working the padded material in a reducing bath; and (3) padding the material to be dyed with the unre-' duced dyestuft', and then working the padded material in a reducing bath, or jiggin it.

The dyeing of textile fabrics and bres with vat dyes by the third 'method,'called the pad and jig method or the pigment padding method is disclosed by Schlegel in United States Patents Nos. 893,384 and 1,185,943. According to this process, the material to be dyed with the vat dyestuff (e. g. cotton fabric, yarn, and the like) is padded or printed with a paste which contains the vat dyestuif in the unreduced form (pigment form), water, and a suitable thickener. It is then rolled up, either with or without drying, and transferred tothe jigger where itis treated with a solution or suspension of an alkaline reducing agent (such as, for ex ample, alkaline hydrosulfite) in order to develop the color on the fibre. The material is then finished in any suitable manner e. g. by

passing it through oxidizing and soaping baths.

The present invention relates to improvements in the process of dyeing cotton and regenerated cellulose (rayon) piece goods and yarn bythe said padand jig method, and is especially concerned with improvements in the padding process and the pading liquor.

One of the objects of the present invention.

v is the provision of a padding liquor which produces dyeings of improved strength and brightness of shade. v

Another object of the invention is the incorporation into a padding liquor of a substance which increases the rapidity with which the vat dyestuff contained in the liquor is developed on the fibre on the jig.

Another object of the invention is the in- ,tions react alkaline. dyestufi' in the unreduced form, as used in Application filed February 25, 1929. Serial No; 342,674.

corporation into a padding paste or liquor of a substance which enhances the smoothness of the paste and permits it to be more readily strained.

These and other objects of the invention will be apparent from a consideration of the following disclosure which is given for the purpose of illustrating the invention.

According to the present invention, the material to be dyed with a vat dyestufi' is padded with a padding liquor which contains the vat dyestufi' in the unreduced form and an alkali metal salt whose aqueous solu- The expression vat this description and in the claims, denotes the vat dyestufl as distinguished from its leucoderivatives.

It has been found, according to the present invention, if in dyeing by the pad and jig method the material be padded with a padding liquor which contains a suitable alkalimetal salt whose aqueous solutions react alkaline, that the dyeings obtained are of an improved quality, as indicated by the increased strength and brightness of shade of. the dyeings obtained with said liquor as compared with dyeings made under identical conditions with a similar padding liquor which, however, does not contain said alkali-metal salt.

It has furthermore been found, according to the present invention, that if into the padding liquor containing the vat dyestuff in the unreduced form there is incorporated a suitable alkali-metal salt whose aqueous solutions react alkaline, the working qualities of the padding liquor or paste are improved, as evidenced by the facts that the paste is smoother and can be strainedmore readily. In addition, when material padded with a padding liquor which contains such an alkalimetal salt is subjected to the action of the reducing bath on the jig, the color is developed on the fibre with greater rapidity than when said salt is not present.

In carrying out the process according, to a preferred method of procedure, a padding liquor is prepared containing a mixture of a suitable vat dyestufi in the unreduced form, a suitable alkali-metal salt, water, and a suitdyestufl? employed, which may be, for example, an anthraquinone vat dye or an indigoid vat dye, is preferably used in the paste form. Among the anthraquinone vat dyestuffs which are particularly useful in connection with the invention are the anthraquinone azine vat dyes; such as, indanthrone, flavanthrone, halogenated indanthrones, etc.

Among the alkali-metal salts suitable for incorporation into the padding liquor, there may be mentioned, by Way of example, the alkallne alkali-metal salts of phosphoric acid, silicic acid, carbonic acid, hydrogen sulfide, and the like (such as, disodium and trisodium phosphates, sodium silicate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium sulfide, ammonium sulfide, etc), the alkali-metal salts of the higher fatty acids (such as, sodium stearate, sodium oleate, sodium palmitate, or their corresponding potassium salts), and the alkali-metal salts of sulfonated fatty acids (such as, the sodium or ammonium salts of sulfonated castor oil) and it will be understood that where in the claims the expression an alkali-metal salt whose aqueous solutions react alkaline is used, it meant to include the above salts and their equivalent salts.

The invention will be described in connection with the following examples which are given for illustrative purposes only, it not being intended to limit the procedure to the details given. I I

E trample 1.-A padding liquor is prepared containing the following ingredients in the following approximate amounts:

paste (Colour index No. 1113) 30 gms.

Trisodium phosphate 3g'ms.

' Gum tragacanth 3.6 gms.

Gum arabic 6.8 gms. Water suflicient to make up volume to approximately. 1700 cc.

For example, by mixing the'dyestuflf with the sodium phosphate, which is preferably in the form'of a water solution, adding the gum cloth of fine mesh. Cotton piece goods is padded or printed with the liquor in a suit-' able manner known to the art (for example,

ployed in this example.

Example 2.Cot-ton cloth or yarn is padded in a padding liquor similar to the one described in Example 1, with the difference, however, that instead of the trisodium phosphate, the liquor contains 1.6 grams of sodium silicate. The padded cloth or yarn is subsequently treated as in Example 1.

Example 3.The procedure and ingredients are the same as in Example 1, with the exception that 1.5 grams of Turkey red oil (consisting mainly of the sodium salt of sulfonated castor-oil) is employed instead of the trisodium phosphate of said example.

E wample 4.Cotton piece goods is padded in a padding liquor containing 80 grams of carbanthrene yellow G double paste (Colour index No. 1118) and 1.5 grams of a good grade of textile soap, such as Ivory soap, together with the gums and water in the proportions given in Example 1. The padded cloth is subsequently treated as above described.

Example 5.The procedure and ingredients are the same as in Example 4, with the exception that 1.5' grams of sodium carbonate is employed instead of the soap of said example,

As pointed out above, the invention is not limited to the above specific examples, but

broadly contemplates the incorporation into a padding liquor containing avat dyestufl' in unreduced form of a suitable alkali-meta. salt Whose aqueous solutions react alkaline.

The vat dyestufls which are useful in the process are not limited to those given in the above examples, but other suitable vat dyestuffs may be employed; such as, other vat dyes of the anthraquinone series, including the indanthrones (particularly the halogenated indanthrones), fiavanthrones, dibenzanthrones, etc. The quantities of dyestuff to be used will obviously vary with the particular dyestuif employed and with the shade and strength of color desired.

Instead of the alkali-metal salts used in the above examples, other suitable alkalimetal salts whose aqueous solutions react alkaline may be used, as above indicated; such as, alkali-metal salts of the higher fatty acids and of the sulfonated fatty oils and fatty acids, alkaline alkali-metal salts of the polybasic inorganic acids, etc. And instead of a single alkali-metal salt, mixtures of two or more of said salts may be also employed. It will furthermore be evident that the salts need not be pure but that technical products may be used, and such technical products may include mixtures of the alkali-metal salts of the fatty acids with some of the free fatty cent of trisodium phosphate is preferred. It is to be noted, however, that within limits a' relatively small quantity of alkali-metal salt is preferred over a relatively large quantity;

' inasmuch as it has been found that instead of an improvement in the dyeings being effected, no improvement and even deleterious results are produced when too large a quantity of alkali-metal salt is used. For example, the addition of too much alkali-metal salt often has been found to cause the paste to-lump and the material to pad unevenly.

in the manner abpve described, but it will be' evident that it may be prepared in avariety of ways, and that the order of mixing the ingr-edients may be suitably varied. While the procedure and temperatures employed in the above examples are preferred,'it will be evident that they also can be varied.

I The process as described is an economical and rapid one. Dyeings of brighter and.

fuller shades are obtained than by the prior pad and jig processes. and the development of the color on the jig is more rapid.

This application isa continuation in part of my copending application I Serial No. 294,586, filed July 21,- 1928, for dyeing process, and contains sub ect matter specifically.

claimed in said application.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim and. desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. In a process of dyeing with a vat dyestuff by the pad and jig method the improvement which comprises padding the material to be dyed with a padding liquor which contains the vat dyestufi in the unreduced form, a thickener and an alkali-metal salt whose aqueous solutions react alkaline.

2. In a process of dyeing with a vat dyestuffby the pad and jig method, the improvement which comprises padding the material to be dyed with a padding liquor which contains the vatdyestuif in the unreduced form and an alkaline alkali-metal salt of an inor ganic polybasic acid.

3. In a process of dyeing with a vat-dyestuff by the pad and jig method, the improvement which comprises padding the material to be dyed with :1- padding liquor which contains the vat dyestufl in the unreduced form and trisodium phosphate.

4. In a process of dyeing with a vat dyestuff by the pad and jig method, the improve- 'ment which comprises padding the material to be dyed with a padding liquor which contains the vat dyestuil in the unreduced form and an alkali-metal salt selected from the group consisting of trisodium phosphate, so dium carbonate and sodium silicate.

5. In a process of dyeing with a vat dyestuff by the pad and jig method, the improvement which comprises padding the material to be dyed with a padding liquor which contains the vat dyestuif in the unreduced form, a thickener, and an alkali-metal salt of a higher fatty acid.

6. In a process of dyeing with a vat dyestuff by the pad and jig method, the improvement which comprises padding the material to be dyed with a padding liquor which contains the vat dyestuif in the unreduced form, a thickener, and an alkali metal salt stuff of the indigoid series by the pad and jig method, the improvement which comprises padding the material to be dyed with a padding liquor which contains the vatdyestufi of the indigoid series in the unreduced form, a thickerfer, and an alkali-metal salt whose aqueous solutions react alkaline.

9. In a processof dyeing with a vat dyestuif of the anthraquinone series by the pad and jig method, the improvement which comprises padding the material to be dyed with a padding liquor which contains the vat dyestufi' of the anthraquinone series in the unreduced form, a thickener and an alkali-metal salt whose aqueous solutions react alkaline,

10. In a process of dyeing with an anthra quinone azine by the pad and jig method, the improvement which comprises paddinglthe material to be dyed with a padding liquor which contains the anthraquinone azine in the unreduced form, ,a thickener, and an alkali-metal salt whose aqueous solutions react alkaline. 11. In a process of dyeing with an indanthrone by the pad and jig methodtheimprovement which comprises padding the material to be dyed with a padding l1quor which contains the indanthrone in the unreduced form,

and an alkali-metal salt whose aqueous solutions react alkaline.

12. In a process of dyeing with a chlor-indanthrone by the pad and jig method, the improvement which comprises padding the material to be dyed with a padding liquor which contains the chlorinated indanthrone in the unreduced form and an alkali-metal salt whose aqueous solutions react alkaline.

13. In a process of dyeing with dichlorindanthrone by the pad and jig method, the improvement which comprises padding-the material to be dyed with a padding liquor which contains dichlor-indanthrone in the unreduced form and triso'dium phosphate.

14. A padding liquor comprising a vat dyestuff substantially entirely in the unreduced form, water, a thickener and an alkali-metal salt whose aqueous solutions react alkaline.

15. A padding liquor comprising a vat dyestuif of the anthraquinone series substantially entirely in the unreduced form, water, a thickener and an alkali-metal salt whose aqueous solutions react alkaline.

16. A padding liquor comprising an anthraquinone azine vat dyestuff substantially entirely in the unreduced form, water, a thickener and an alkali-metal salt whose aqueous solutions react alkaline.

17. A padding liquor comprising an indanthrone substantially entirely in the unreduced form, water and an alkali-metal salt whose aqueous solutions react alkaline.

18. A padding liquor comprising a vat dyestuff of the indigoid series substantially entirely'in the unreduced form, water and an alkali-metal salt whose aqueous solutions react alkaline.

19. Material padded with the padding liquor of claim 14.

20. Material padded with the padding liquor of claim 15. a

21. Material padded with the padding liquor of claim 16. i

22. Material padded with the padding liqv. uor of claim 17.

23.' Material nor of claim 18.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature.

WILLIAM ROY MOORHOUSE.

padded with the padding liq-