US1869659A - Method of maintaining secrecy in the transmission of wireless telegraphic messages - Google Patents

Method of maintaining secrecy in the transmission of wireless telegraphic messages Download PDF

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Publication number
US1869659A
US1869659A US407218A US40721829A US1869659A US 1869659 A US1869659 A US 1869659A US 407218 A US407218 A US 407218A US 40721829 A US40721829 A US 40721829A US 1869659 A US1869659 A US 1869659A
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Prior art keywords
frequencies
circuit
working
transmission
open
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US407218A
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English (en)
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Broertjes Willem
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Individual
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/34—Bits, or blocks of bits, of the telegraphic message being interchanged in time
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L2209/00—Additional information or applications relating to cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communication H04L9/00
    • H04L2209/80—Wireless

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method of mainta1n1n secrecy 1n the transmission of wireless te egraphic messages and to transmitting and receiving apparatus to be used in connec- 1 10 of a receiving apparatus, the tuning of which is modified in synchronism, or a so-called beam transmitter is employed.
  • beam transmitters transmit energy, not only in-the' desired direction, but also, in a sector which, although narrow, is outside this direction, and furthermore, in a few secondary directions.
  • the essential feature of the invention resides in the fact that messages are transmitted by means of a group of frequencies (working frequencies) known to the sender and receiver alone, and alternated at will during transmission of the messages. For example, five frequencies may be used, care being taken at the transmitting station that the signalsi. e. the dots and dashes of the Morse or any other alphab'etare transmitted by these frequencies alternately.
  • the alternation may take place, both during the transmission' of the signals and between the signals, and be effected either mechanically or in any convenient manner by hand.
  • alternation implies, not merely that all the switched on in any convenient serial. order,
  • frequencir may be left entirely out of use for a conside: able time.
  • the working frequencies em loyed f transmitting the signals may be of such per odicity that they are sent out either direct, as modulations of one or more higher in quencies.
  • si; nals may be produced by means of low-fr quency oscillations superimposed, by modul tion, on a, carrier wave.
  • This diificulty can, 1 course, be increased, on the part of the sende be by changing over, wholly or in part, to a.
  • the grot low-frequency oscillations can be superimsed on one or more carrier waves.
  • ese carrier waves be alternated during the rnsmission (i. e. during or between the sigls), a combination of the two aforesaid posailities can be obtained, by means of which a secrecy can be increased still further. It self evident that this combination can also effected in such a way that the one portion the carrier waves transmits the signals as bermediate modulations, whereas the other rtion is simply interrupted in rhythm with e signals or is modified in intensity.
  • the nes at which the change in the carrier waves affected is now also entirely a matter of connience.
  • the tracing the key to the secret by any unauthorized rson is prevented by making it difiicult for n to ascertain the scope of the group of vrking frequencies employed.
  • This can be ne, for example by alternating only.
  • three :quencies at first out of a group of, say e, fre uencies whilst the transmission with ur an five frequencies is not resorted to til later.
  • the group ected may contain, for example, seven freencies
  • the sender may transmit, in all ses, with only three frequencies, and may ry the trio within the group at convenlce. Even the listener-in who-has recogzed' the, method is deceived in this case, zause he receives the impression that the mber of frequencies in the group is three,
  • the maintence of secrecy is still further increased by oducing one or more what may be called en-circuit frequencies or spacing frequens, between the signals, and also varying id frequencies at will. Because the rever for which the message is intended does t pick up these open-circuit frequencies, the lder is free to choose their periodicity and 'ial order at will. The unauthorized lisler-in, hwever,'who, in addition to the g. working frequencies, detects a sees of other frequencies, will have to as- .”tain clearly, in'the first place, which of a frequencies represent the secret message d whlch must be disregarded.
  • a dash can be transformed into one or moredots by suitable interruption.
  • the frequencies, to which, the term open circuit frequencies has been applied above, by reason of their being transmitted between the actual signals, can also be produced concurrently with the signals, in which case they also assist in increasing the secrecy. They do not disturb the receiver for whom-they are intended, since he does not pick up these open-circuit frequencies.
  • these open-circuit frequencies may also be of low or high periodicity. These two methods can also be combined, for example by alternating open-circuit frequencies of high and low periodicity, or the transmission by means of working frequencies of low periodicity, may be improved by the'employment of open-circuit frequencies of high periodicity or vice versa.
  • the variation of the working frequencies can, as already mentioned, be effected at any moment both during and between the signals, and the variations of the open-circuit frequency can be effected at any time.
  • the variation of the working frequencies during the signals can be visualized by assuming, for. example, that the switch mechanism,for the working frequ encies (e. g. that for several tuned circuits) and the sending key are connected in series.
  • the switch mechanism actuated by any convenient meansvaries the working frequencies in any convenient serial order, only such. frequencies being sent out as occur during the closing of the key.
  • open-circuit frequencies be employed in addition, another switch mechanism in series with the key may be allotted to said frequencies, so' that such frequencies may be transmitted when the circuit for the switch mechanism of the working frequencies is broken;
  • the action of the correspondin switch mechanism must be independent the manipulation of the he that is, it must not operate unless the key is o ned.
  • the transmitting apparatus employed for carrying out the new method is designed, according to the invention, so as to be capable of generating a number of frequencies which can be alternated at will durin the sending 'of the'message.
  • This may be e ected by providing a tuned circuit of which theconstants (such as self-induction, capacity, or both) are influenced by means of a switch; or several circuits may be provided, which can be switched on and oil alternatively as a whole.
  • the fundamental arrangement of the generator connection one or more. stages
  • such a circuit arrangement i. e. a reversible, or several complete oscillation circuits
  • the manner in which'the oscillations themselves are produced is immaterial to the principle of the invention and the present state of the art offers numerous arrangements suitable for this purpose.
  • the circuit arrangement consists of a transmitting valve Z, the anode circuit of which is tuned and is directly connected with the aerial A.
  • the anode current is supplied through a choke coil P to the anode clrcuit which con sists of a coil L and three condensers I2 k and k and an unlimited number of different wave lengths can be generated by the aid of these condensers and the tappings 13-18 of the coil L.
  • the action of the generator is maintained by means of a'coil R, whichis connected with the grid of the valve and is magnetically coupled with the anode coil L.
  • the sender Z In telegraphing, the sender Z is in continuous operation, and the alternation of the working and open circuit waves is effected by 35 controlling the sending key S, the open-circuit contact 20 of which is connected with the winding w and the working contact 21 with 'the winding w". These windings influence the armature D of an escapement actuating a toothed disc B, the shaft of which is connected with the switch arm M.
  • thekey S is represented in the opencircuit position, so that the winding w is energized and the armature D is turned clockwise, on its shaft. On connection being established with the working contact 21, the disc B will advance a step in known manner.
  • the switch arm M is in contact with two oppositely disposed contacts such as the contacts 1, linthe positionshown;
  • the tappings 14, 16, and 18 serve, through their connection with the condensers, for the generation of the working waves. Although a sufficient number of waves can be generated by the aid of the tappings alone,
  • the condensers are provided in order that, by adjusting their capacities, the total number of the waves can be further increased.
  • the number of tappings and also condensers is entirely a matter of convenience.
  • the wires 1", 1, and 1' leading to the tappings for the open circuit waves are provided with interruptors 0', o and 0 which enable the open-circuit waves to be interrupted at convenience and given the character of working waves, during the transmission of the message.
  • interruptors 0', o and 0 which enable the open-circuit waves to be interrupted at convenience and given the character of working waves, during the transmission of the message.
  • the open-circuit wave will be influenced by the interruptor.
  • the difil'erent frequencies can also be generated by means of quite differently connected and designed oscillation circuits, the sole essential point being that an open-circuit wave and a working wave are alternated by means of the switch arm M.
  • a tuned intermediate. circuit actuated by a corresponding switch arm also mounted on theshaft of the pinion B, in which case it is advisable, to connect the condensers of the two circuits together, so that during adjustment, equal changes may be made in the frequency groups.
  • the receiving apparatus employed for carrying out the new method must be capable of picking up several working frequencies and transmitting their total effect to a single reproducing device (such as a writing apparatus) &c. Its design depends on the manner in which the signals are transmitted (high-frequency or low-frequency oscillations, or both) and, in View of the receiving circuits already known, can be em-- bodied in various ways.
  • the method according to the present invention assures the requisite secrecy, even when the principle of the transmission is known. This result is due, in the first place to the fact that the method is non-rigid, and that the one .groupofworkwhich as the open-circuit ing-waves can be replaced by another at any moment.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Selective Calling Equipment (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Transceivers (AREA)
  • Burglar Alarm Systems (AREA)
  • Lock And Its Accessories (AREA)
US407218A 1929-10-12 1929-11-14 Method of maintaining secrecy in the transmission of wireless telegraphic messages Expired - Lifetime US1869659A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEB146177D DE571907C (de) 1929-10-12 1929-10-12 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erzielung der Geheimhaltung bei der drahtlosen UEbertragung telegraphischer Berichte

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US1869659A true US1869659A (en) 1932-08-02

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US407218A Expired - Lifetime US1869659A (en) 1929-10-12 1929-11-14 Method of maintaining secrecy in the transmission of wireless telegraphic messages

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US1869659A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE373894A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE571907C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR703450A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB341568A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL32443C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (29)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2433407A (en) * 1940-04-04 1947-12-30 Int Standard Electric Corp System of modulation transmission by means of impulses
US2836657A (en) * 1944-11-20 1958-05-27 Gen Electric Secrecy communication system
US4802220A (en) * 1985-03-20 1989-01-31 American Telephone And Telegraph Company, At&T Bell Laboratories Method and apparatus for multi-channel communication security
US20060214845A1 (en) * 2005-03-23 2006-09-28 Magnus Jendbro Global positioning system (GPS) accessories, hosts and methods that use radio frequency transmission of raw GPS data
US7498999B2 (en) 2004-11-22 2009-03-03 Ruckus Wireless, Inc. Circuit board having a peripheral antenna apparatus with selectable antenna elements and selectable phase shifting
US7498996B2 (en) 2004-08-18 2009-03-03 Ruckus Wireless, Inc. Antennas with polarization diversity
US7511621B1 (en) 1995-08-31 2009-03-31 Intermec Ip Corp. High-performance mobile power antennas
US7511680B2 (en) 2004-08-18 2009-03-31 Ruckus Wireless, Inc. Minimized antenna apparatus with selectable elements
US7525486B2 (en) 2004-11-22 2009-04-28 Ruckus Wireless, Inc. Increased wireless coverage patterns
US7639106B2 (en) 2006-04-28 2009-12-29 Ruckus Wireless, Inc. PIN diode network for multiband RF coupling
US7646343B2 (en) 2005-06-24 2010-01-12 Ruckus Wireless, Inc. Multiple-input multiple-output wireless antennas
US7652632B2 (en) 2004-08-18 2010-01-26 Ruckus Wireless, Inc. Multiband omnidirectional planar antenna apparatus with selectable elements
US7696946B2 (en) 2004-08-18 2010-04-13 Ruckus Wireless, Inc. Reducing stray capacitance in antenna element switching
US7880683B2 (en) 2004-08-18 2011-02-01 Ruckus Wireless, Inc. Antennas with polarization diversity
US7965252B2 (en) 2004-08-18 2011-06-21 Ruckus Wireless, Inc. Dual polarization antenna array with increased wireless coverage
US8031129B2 (en) 2004-08-18 2011-10-04 Ruckus Wireless, Inc. Dual band dual polarization antenna array
US8068068B2 (en) 2005-06-24 2011-11-29 Ruckus Wireless, Inc. Coverage antenna apparatus with selectable horizontal and vertical polarization elements
US8217843B2 (en) 2009-03-13 2012-07-10 Ruckus Wireless, Inc. Adjustment of radiation patterns utilizing a position sensor
US8686905B2 (en) 2007-01-08 2014-04-01 Ruckus Wireless, Inc. Pattern shaping of RF emission patterns
US8698675B2 (en) 2009-05-12 2014-04-15 Ruckus Wireless, Inc. Mountable antenna elements for dual band antenna
US8756668B2 (en) 2012-02-09 2014-06-17 Ruckus Wireless, Inc. Dynamic PSK for hotspots
US8842630B2 (en) 2010-12-17 2014-09-23 Cisco Technology, Inc. Extendable frequency hopping timeslots in wireless networks
US9019165B2 (en) 2004-08-18 2015-04-28 Ruckus Wireless, Inc. Antenna with selectable elements for use in wireless communications
US9092610B2 (en) 2012-04-04 2015-07-28 Ruckus Wireless, Inc. Key assignment for a brand
US9407012B2 (en) 2010-09-21 2016-08-02 Ruckus Wireless, Inc. Antenna with dual polarization and mountable antenna elements
US9570799B2 (en) 2012-09-07 2017-02-14 Ruckus Wireless, Inc. Multiband monopole antenna apparatus with ground plane aperture
US9634403B2 (en) 2012-02-14 2017-04-25 Ruckus Wireless, Inc. Radio frequency emission pattern shaping
US10186750B2 (en) 2012-02-14 2019-01-22 Arris Enterprises Llc Radio frequency antenna array with spacing element
US10230161B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2019-03-12 Arris Enterprises Llc Low-band reflector for dual band directional antenna

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2283882B (en) * 1984-11-23 1995-09-06 Marconi Co Ltd Communication system

Cited By (47)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2433407A (en) * 1940-04-04 1947-12-30 Int Standard Electric Corp System of modulation transmission by means of impulses
US2836657A (en) * 1944-11-20 1958-05-27 Gen Electric Secrecy communication system
US4802220A (en) * 1985-03-20 1989-01-31 American Telephone And Telegraph Company, At&T Bell Laboratories Method and apparatus for multi-channel communication security
US7511621B1 (en) 1995-08-31 2009-03-31 Intermec Ip Corp. High-performance mobile power antennas
US7965252B2 (en) 2004-08-18 2011-06-21 Ruckus Wireless, Inc. Dual polarization antenna array with increased wireless coverage
US7696946B2 (en) 2004-08-18 2010-04-13 Ruckus Wireless, Inc. Reducing stray capacitance in antenna element switching
US9019165B2 (en) 2004-08-18 2015-04-28 Ruckus Wireless, Inc. Antenna with selectable elements for use in wireless communications
US7511680B2 (en) 2004-08-18 2009-03-31 Ruckus Wireless, Inc. Minimized antenna apparatus with selectable elements
US8314749B2 (en) 2004-08-18 2012-11-20 Ruckus Wireless, Inc. Dual band dual polarization antenna array
US9837711B2 (en) 2004-08-18 2017-12-05 Ruckus Wireless, Inc. Antenna with selectable elements for use in wireless communications
US9077071B2 (en) 2004-08-18 2015-07-07 Ruckus Wireless, Inc. Antenna with polarization diversity
US7652632B2 (en) 2004-08-18 2010-01-26 Ruckus Wireless, Inc. Multiband omnidirectional planar antenna apparatus with selectable elements
US10181655B2 (en) 2004-08-18 2019-01-15 Arris Enterprises Llc Antenna with polarization diversity
US7498996B2 (en) 2004-08-18 2009-03-03 Ruckus Wireless, Inc. Antennas with polarization diversity
US7880683B2 (en) 2004-08-18 2011-02-01 Ruckus Wireless, Inc. Antennas with polarization diversity
US8860629B2 (en) 2004-08-18 2014-10-14 Ruckus Wireless, Inc. Dual band dual polarization antenna array
US8031129B2 (en) 2004-08-18 2011-10-04 Ruckus Wireless, Inc. Dual band dual polarization antenna array
US9379456B2 (en) 2004-11-22 2016-06-28 Ruckus Wireless, Inc. Antenna array
US7525486B2 (en) 2004-11-22 2009-04-28 Ruckus Wireless, Inc. Increased wireless coverage patterns
US7498999B2 (en) 2004-11-22 2009-03-03 Ruckus Wireless, Inc. Circuit board having a peripheral antenna apparatus with selectable antenna elements and selectable phase shifting
US9093758B2 (en) 2004-12-09 2015-07-28 Ruckus Wireless, Inc. Coverage antenna apparatus with selectable horizontal and vertical polarization elements
US9270029B2 (en) 2005-01-21 2016-02-23 Ruckus Wireless, Inc. Pattern shaping of RF emission patterns
US10056693B2 (en) 2005-01-21 2018-08-21 Ruckus Wireless, Inc. Pattern shaping of RF emission patterns
US20060214845A1 (en) * 2005-03-23 2006-09-28 Magnus Jendbro Global positioning system (GPS) accessories, hosts and methods that use radio frequency transmission of raw GPS data
US8068068B2 (en) 2005-06-24 2011-11-29 Ruckus Wireless, Inc. Coverage antenna apparatus with selectable horizontal and vertical polarization elements
US8836606B2 (en) 2005-06-24 2014-09-16 Ruckus Wireless, Inc. Coverage antenna apparatus with selectable horizontal and vertical polarization elements
US8704720B2 (en) 2005-06-24 2014-04-22 Ruckus Wireless, Inc. Coverage antenna apparatus with selectable horizontal and vertical polarization elements
US9577346B2 (en) 2005-06-24 2017-02-21 Ruckus Wireless, Inc. Vertical multiple-input multiple-output wireless antennas
US7646343B2 (en) 2005-06-24 2010-01-12 Ruckus Wireless, Inc. Multiple-input multiple-output wireless antennas
US7675474B2 (en) 2005-06-24 2010-03-09 Ruckus Wireless, Inc. Horizontal multiple-input multiple-output wireless antennas
US7639106B2 (en) 2006-04-28 2009-12-29 Ruckus Wireless, Inc. PIN diode network for multiband RF coupling
US8686905B2 (en) 2007-01-08 2014-04-01 Ruckus Wireless, Inc. Pattern shaping of RF emission patterns
US8217843B2 (en) 2009-03-13 2012-07-10 Ruckus Wireless, Inc. Adjustment of radiation patterns utilizing a position sensor
US8723741B2 (en) 2009-03-13 2014-05-13 Ruckus Wireless, Inc. Adjustment of radiation patterns utilizing a position sensor
US9419344B2 (en) 2009-05-12 2016-08-16 Ruckus Wireless, Inc. Mountable antenna elements for dual band antenna
US10224621B2 (en) 2009-05-12 2019-03-05 Arris Enterprises Llc Mountable antenna elements for dual band antenna
US8698675B2 (en) 2009-05-12 2014-04-15 Ruckus Wireless, Inc. Mountable antenna elements for dual band antenna
US9407012B2 (en) 2010-09-21 2016-08-02 Ruckus Wireless, Inc. Antenna with dual polarization and mountable antenna elements
US8842630B2 (en) 2010-12-17 2014-09-23 Cisco Technology, Inc. Extendable frequency hopping timeslots in wireless networks
US8756668B2 (en) 2012-02-09 2014-06-17 Ruckus Wireless, Inc. Dynamic PSK for hotspots
US9226146B2 (en) 2012-02-09 2015-12-29 Ruckus Wireless, Inc. Dynamic PSK for hotspots
US9634403B2 (en) 2012-02-14 2017-04-25 Ruckus Wireless, Inc. Radio frequency emission pattern shaping
US10186750B2 (en) 2012-02-14 2019-01-22 Arris Enterprises Llc Radio frequency antenna array with spacing element
US10734737B2 (en) 2012-02-14 2020-08-04 Arris Enterprises Llc Radio frequency emission pattern shaping
US9092610B2 (en) 2012-04-04 2015-07-28 Ruckus Wireless, Inc. Key assignment for a brand
US9570799B2 (en) 2012-09-07 2017-02-14 Ruckus Wireless, Inc. Multiband monopole antenna apparatus with ground plane aperture
US10230161B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2019-03-12 Arris Enterprises Llc Low-band reflector for dual band directional antenna

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR703450A (fr) 1931-04-30
BE373894A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE571907C (de) 1933-03-07
NL32443C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB341568A (en) 1931-01-22

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