US1857639A - Heater element for permanent waving of hair - Google Patents

Description

May 10, 1932. BA F. JANCKE HEATER ELEMENT FOR PERMANENT wAvING oF HAIR Filed Nov. l. 1927 Patented May 10, 1932 UNITED sTATss PATENT FFE BENNO F. JANCKE, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK, ASSGNOR T0 TOWNSEND MANUFAC- TUBING COMPANY, INC., OF NEVJ YORK, N. Y.,

A. GORPOEATON OF NEW YORK HEATER ELEMENT FOR PERMANENT VJAVING 0F HAIR Application filed November This invention relates to heater elements for permanent waving of hair, and provides improvements therein.

In the use of electrical apparatus for permanent waving of hair, short circuits or grounds sometimes occur which are dangerous to both the operator and the subject. rEhe hair of the subject is wetted during the process, and the operator frequently has wet hands, so that if a circuit is formed between the metallic casing ordinarily used as the housing for heater elements (due to a circuit being formed between the electrical heater or lead wires and the housing) the electrical shock is apt to be unusually severe. ln factthe condition is such that it is becoming more and more a legal requirement that the metal part-s of hair-waving apparatus be equipped with ground wires.

The present invention provides a heater' element making use of electrical insulating material for the parts of the element ordinarily formed of metallic parts, and particularly for the tubular inner part around which the electrical resistance wire is wound, thereby minimizing and avoiding the consequences of grounding or accidental circuits formed between the electric heater and other parts of the heating element.

The invention emboies other features of iniprovement as will herein more fully appear.

An embodiment of the invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

In said drawings:

Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view, and

Fig. 2 is a horizontal sectional. view on the line 2-2, Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a view in side elevation.

Fig. l is a longitudinal sectional view of a second embodiment,

Referring to said drawings, numeral 10 designates a tubular part, which is of electrical insulating material, preferably of goed heat conductance, and which forms the inner housing surrounding the central space X, in which the prepared strand of hair is contained or located during the heating or steaming process. This part 10 is preferably of quartz glass, fused quartz, fused silicon, syn- 1, 1927. Serial No. 230,389.

thetic quartz or the like, which are electrically insulating, relatively good conductors of heat and are tough physically-that is, not easily fractured by sudden changes of temperature. A tough glass, such for eX- ample as Pyrex or other chemical glass could also be used, and the term glass is used herein and in the claims as including the substances usually known as glass, as well as fused quartz and similar substances such as indicated. With the part 10 composed of electrical insulating materials such as mentioned above, the hair-waving solution which is used inside of the wrapper which encloses the prepared strand of hair, is quickly vaporized. An explanation of this is the good conductance of such material of both convective and radiant heat. The heat insulating properties of electrical insulating materials such as asbestos, magnesia, and ordinary porcelain, is due to the porosity of such materials, most of the heat transmitted passing by radiation from surface to surface across the pores, rather than by conduction.

Numeral 12 designates the electrical heater, which is conveniently in the form of a coil of resistance wire wound around the insulating tube 10.

Numeral 14: designates the exterior housing. lhis is preferably formed of electrical insulating material. rhis is preferably made of isolantite. Glass, quartz glass and the other materials previously mentioned are examples of other materials which could be used,

A space 17 is conveniently provided between the parts 10 and 14C. This is conveniently provided for by turning out or flanging the ends of the tube 10, as indicated at 20. Figs. 1 and 2, the flanges 20 making contact with the inner face of the part 1%, and the lower end 22 of said part 11i is preferably inwardly turned in or flanged to support said part 10. ln Fig'. l the parts 10 and la are formed of one piece, the parts 10 and being tubular parts spaced apart, and "oined at the lower end, indicated at 23.

i suitable heat insulation means 30 is con- 've .icntly provided at the exterior of the elenent. This is conveniently asbestos or the like wound or molded around the part 14.

The insulation means 30 is preferably, according to the example given, an electrical insulator, whereby no parts of the heater element will conduct electricity in case of contact of the electrical heater with parts thereof. rlhe heat insulation may be increased by providing an air-space 32 between the insulation 30 and the part 14. To this end, the part 14 is conveniently provided with a series of lengitudinal ribs 34 serving to space the insulation means 30 from said part 14.

Around the whole is preferably placed a sheath 40, comprising a tubular part 42 with a bottom flange 43, and an end piece 44. The part 42 is conveniently composed of insulating composition of suitable kind such as impregnated fiber, bakelite, formica or the like, and is preferably provided with a plurality of slots 4G forming a plurality of longitudinal strips 48 which latter are bowed outwardly so as to stand spaced ont of direct contact with the adjacent inner part or parts, and constitute a relatively cool means for grasping and holding the heater. Small knobs may be, if desired, placed on the strips 48 for holding said strips spaced from the adjacent inner part or parts.

The end piece 44 may be and preferably is provided with an opening 52 corresponding to the inside diameter of the tube l0. It is also preferably provided with a liange 54 adapted to bear against the end of tube and hold it in position. The diameter of the flange 54 preferably corresponds to the inside diameter of the tube 14 and assists in supportingr it. The upper end of the part 42 preferably laps the part 44, as indicated at 56, and the two parts 42 and 44 are preferably attached, whereby the sheath acts to hold the parts in assembled position. Screws 58 passing through the part 42 into the part 44 may be provided for fastening the said parts together. The end piece 44 is preferably molded or shaped from iiber or other .suitable electrical insulating material.

A suitable bracket 60 be and preferably is provided for supporting the lead wires 62, 63 connecting with the heating wire l2. This bracket may be conveniently formed upon or attached to the said end piece 44.

The inventive ideas may receive various other embodiments than thoseherein specifically illustrated and described.

l. A heater element for use in permanent waving of hair, of the type having an inside electrical resistance heater, adapted to pr duce a steaming temperature around the hair, and a housing comprising inner and outer enclosing walls, said inner enclosing wall being a tubular member of glass enclosing a space within its inner or smaller circumference within which a strand of hair enclosed in a moisture containing wrapper is placed and around the outer or larger circumference of which the electrical resistance heater is disposed and arranged to transmit heat through said wall to vaporize said moisture, said outer wall comprising porous heat lagging material.

2. A heater element according to claim l. further including a thin piece of material arranged around the exterior of the outer wall, spaced therefrom, and having openings therein, whereby air can circulate between the eX- terior of the outer wall and said piece of thin material, the limited amount of heat transmitted through said outer heat-insulating wall to said thin material being readily lost, and thereby permitting the exterior of the heater to be grasped by the naked hand during use Without discomfort.

3. A heater element for permanent waving, comprising an electrical heater, a housing therefor, having a central space within which a prepared strand of hair is placed to be heated, an outer wall comprising porous heatinsulating material, and a thin piece of material arranged around the exterior of said outer wall, spaced therefrom and having openings therein, whereby air can circulate between said outer wall and said piece of thin material, the limited amount of heat transmitted through said outer heat-insulated wall to said thin material being readily lost, and thereby permitting the exterior of the heater to be grasped by the naked hand during use without discomfort.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto signed my name.

BENNO F. JANCKE.

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