US1856440A - Method of and apparatus for forging upset articles - Google Patents

Description

' May 3. 1932. W, H SPlRE 1,856,440

METHOD 0F AND APPARATUS FOR FORGING- UPSET ARTICLES Filed April 25, 1929 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 new w. H. SPIRE 1,856,440

METHOD OF' AND APPARATUS FOR FORGING UPSET lARTCLES May 3, 1932.

3 Sheets-Sheet 3 dvw am@ www Sh. www am,

L@ r WN V f K1 T 4 mw: NM. A Wh. www Oh bn: vw

atto/www Patented May 3, 1932 UNITED STATES PATENT vlucia;

WILLIAM HENRY SPIR-E, OF ('}L1lilVELA1\TDr RODUCTS, INC., Oli

HEIGHTS;` onro, AssIGi'on tra THOMPSON A CORPORATION' OF OHIO METHOD OFAND APPARATUS'FOR FORGING UPSET ARTCLES Applpcationled April 25,

This invention is concernedwithimprove-r ments in machines designed for the plastic formingy of metals by the application of heavy pressures, and moreparticularly the invention is set forth in its present form as an adaptation to forging machines of the upsetting and heading types.

In manufacturing processes where the Ymetal is usually forged in a single stroke operation of a forming die, it is frequently nec- I essary toprovide some form of mechanism which will function to eject or ykick the formed article from the die or forming head whereby the formed piece of metal will be ejected positively or removed from the forming cavities of the-machine before'a following blank isv positioned infalign'ment therewith for a repeat of the'forming-operation. It `frequently occurs that the ejection of the previously formed work from the'forming dies necessitates the use of considerable: force, this being particularly true in that class of upsetting or forming :machines industrially utilizable in the formation of bolt heads and ythe heads ofv automotivevalves;v Since the .shank of the bolt 'or valve stem is rela'- tively slender 'compared to the bulkor mass of the metal formed in the head the ejectinlg.r means has usually comprised a slender rod" of corresponding diameter which extended intoash'ank cavity fof thei'ormingdie.v Malchines of this'Y type usually embody astationvthat: the kicker or ej ec K ejector mechanism ary frame part or anvil and a reciprocating head quite `massive in designto withstand high compressive stresses without distorting and the head carries the forming die and due tothe bulky design of the head it is necessary tor rod be of considerable length, and particularly where articles are being formed having'long shankssuch as bolts and/orvalves. j

'Wherefore the general object of the present invention is the provision'of a novel ejector mechanismwhich'canbe utilized on various upsetting and header Vmachines in an efiicient :manner regardless of the confining diameters of the valveshanks or bolts being lmanufactured or formed on the machine.

'lhe nature ofthe invention is 'such that the may also functionas part -tof be readily overcome.

Y lin Fig.

1929. lvSerial N0. 358,032.

of the work `forming means, and accordingly my invention is directed also to the provision ofan ejector mechansmwhich may be adaptedv'to-the Apresentforms ofupsetting and bolt heading machinesin such manner that the ejector may comprise part of the die.

A further object of my invention is the provision of a novel ejector mechanism which may be 4substituted for a kicker or ejecting rod previously embodied in a valve header machine.1

A still further object of my invention is f the provision of a method of forming a single piece automotive valve member by a combined forging andsextruding operation of the valve head and part of the valve stem whereby the valve body relative to the length of q f thevalvestem will be accurately formed.

Other objects of my invention will hereinafter be setforth in the following tion which refers to the accompanying drawings illustrating two embodiments thereof.

In the drawings Fig. -1 is a plan view of a valve header machine equipped with my invention.v Fig. 2 is a cross sectional side elevation taken through the header substantialdescriply along the line 2-2 of Fig. l and illustratf.

rod laterally'at several points I amable to prevent 'the starting of the bend in' the rod and, accordingly the rod is maintainedl as a uniformly loaded column when under load.

I show for the purpose of illustration and not in ylimitation thereof, my invention as applied generally to an upsetting machine By thus supporting the c the rod whereby the herey2 of the drawings, in cross sectionl Y the present instance,

1s supported bya series ofannular bearing` vhead block 14. I f suitable diameter'to slidably supportV the rear kgate 15, the gate illustrated as being equipped with a stationary forming anvil 10, a die 11, the anvil 10 being rigidly mounted upon a heavy machine frame 13 andthe forming die 11 beingY positioned within* a head block 14.` The head block 14 is usually mounted upon a 'slide or beingxreciprocated by a a connecting rod or pitman being" rotated by vra source fly wheels 18 in crank 16 through 17 the crankl 16 of power applied to gears or any suitableV manner.

The header machine illustrated in Figs. .1 and Q-and forming die'11v are particularly designed for the forming of a semi-formed valve head Va, on ya shank Vb to produce a single piece automotive valve member; the semi-formed head portion Va being Yusually pre-formed or gathered to conform to the dot and'dash shape shown in Fig. 3. The forming die 11 has a bore therein conforming to the diameter' of the shank portion V?) ofrthe'valve and a removable sleeveQO., car'- riedby the head block 14, may be 'considered as part of the forming die 11 in the present illustration.

In Fig. 21

in thevusual installation is suspended on a suitable supporting mediumVv attached to vthe` machine frame in a position-.to clear the 'reciprocating movements of the slide 15..V In however, the ejector lrod members 26 provided with different diameters and respectively disposed to move withink a bore of varying diameter formedwithin a sleeve 30 concentrically arrangedwithi'n-the TheV end 31 ofthe Aboi-eis of enlarged annular head end 33' of the ejector rod 25, vThe head 33 arbutsV a stop rod 35 of relatively largeY diameter 1 compared to the diameter of the ejector rod 25 and the stop rod 35 may be supported by any suitable bridge work such as'members'36 and 37 (see Figs.A 1 and 2) secured to the machine frame at the end of a slideway formed therein to support the reciprocating slide'member 15.

yThe operation of this arrangement isas follows: Awork blank or yvalve stem having a preheated gathered headis inserted in the bore of the die member 11 when the slide 15 is moving forwardly Ifrom the 'right to the left in Figs. 1 and' 2, (this operation usually beingl effected automatically) "and as the Y the anvil-block 10,

i' Veo 'ditions 'of Akthe, metal crank 16 revolves'to the-left horizontal position the preheated head Va is forced' against thus causing the hot gathered end of the valvek stem Va lto be compressed to the final :valve head form. This operation causes some elongation of the valve stem portion-Vb by Aan extrurding action 'Y which takes Vplace at the point-E (see Fig.y 2). i

This` eXtruding action will varyfdepending upon variations in the metallurgical con- ,comprising thev valveV vmechanism reciprocates show an ejector rod 25 which body and the temperature thereof at the time of forming but the amount of extrusion in the present instance is limited by reason of the fact that the ejector kicker rod Q5 is of sufficient length to have the forwardv end thereof disposed within the bore of the sleeve 2() to limit the. extent of eXtrusi n of the valve stem. amount of extrusion of the stem causes the right end of the stem to abut thev end ofthe ejector rod 25 any remaining surplus metal in the head portion Va of the valve will be caused to form a flash thereon about the perimeter ofthel valve head. p p

YUpon the completion ofA this forging and extruding operation t ie kicker rod 25 acts to eject the valve stemV from the bore of the die members 11 and 20,- and as the sleeve 30 and annular bearing members 26 move to the right with the die block they are caused to gather when they contact with` each other and the head 33 of the kicker rod. When the slide from right to left these annular members are caused to be properly disposed longitudinally along the kicker rod as illustrated, by reason of the variation in their diameters and the variationezof the diameter of the bore of the sleeve 30.v

In Figs. 3, 4 and-5, I'illustrate amodified and more refined manner of vadapting my in- Thus when a prcdeterminedj described may be readily removably assembled within the slide 15 of the header illustrated in Fig.V 2. The sleeve member illustrated in the construction, as shown-in Fig. 3 in thepresent instance willcomprise a sleeve member 50 having a bore of uniform diameter. thereon to receive a series of small sleeve members 51, 52, 53, 54'and 55 of uniform outside diameter but of varying inside diameters, andV which sleeve members coact with the annular 4members 51a, 52a, 53a, 54a respectivelv,l and the head 55a of the kicker rod 56 to effect positioningofthe members 51a, 52a, etc. 1 find this construction quite adaptable to the present day form of valve and VKbolt headers. Y f f i s In this construction Ialso provide as shown s in Fig. 5 a retainingfmeans for each ot the annular members 57a, etc., which may be in the form of ball members 60 disposed within a radial bore formed-within each of the an-V nular members and which are acted upon by a spring 61 retainedwithin theradial bore 1 by any suitable means such as small screwT members 62. The end of the kicker rod 56 adjacent the head a thereof is provided with suitably disposed grooves 58 (see F ig. 4) in Which the ball members 60 Will be forced to seat When the slide l5 is in the extreme left position (see Figs. 2 and 3), and as the slide 15 moves from the right to the left these annular members will be retained in the collective position shown in Fig. 3 until the corresponding tapered shoulders on the sleeves 52, 53, etc. contact With the annular coni-form surfaces thereof, and When the slide has reached the extreme right position the kicker rod 56 Will be accurately laterally supported as shown in Fig. 4.

From. the foregoing description o-f two adaptations of my invention it will be seen that I have provided a mechanism which is simple in its mode of operation and is readily adaptable to the dimensional confines of the die blocks of header machines whereby it may be used in substitution of the present form of kicker rods and kicker mechanisms, and even though the kicker rod is of relatively small diameter as compared to that of the required length thereof the rod nevertheless can be laterally supported at any desired number of longitudinal points whereby extreme compressive loads may be exerted upon the end of the kicker rod Without causing distortion thereof. It follows that I am thus utilizing the kicker rod as an end Wall or an element of the formingk die Without causing distortion and buckling of the kicker ro'd and I can therefore predetermine he amount of extrusion of the hot head metal into stem formation. This result overcomes a great deal of material Waste from the stem end of each valve piece when the ends are precision iinished by a grinding operation.

It Will be apparent also to those skilled in the art that the present form of my invention may be considerably varied to adapt the same to various header constructions Where Work of shapes and contours quite different than bolts and automobile valves are being formed.

I claim:

1. v`In an apparatus of the character described, thecombination of a reciprocating die head, an ejector member adapted to eject Work pressed into a cavity formed in the die head, shiftable means for laterally supporting the ejector member when said member is subjected to Working strains, and means for repositioning said shiftable means.

2. In a header machine, the combination of a movable cavitary die member having a bore extending therethrough, stationary Work ejecting means extending into said bore, shiftable means for reinforcing the Work ejecting means When the Work ejecting means is caused to act upon the Work in the cavity of said die, and means for repositioning said shiftable means.

3. In a header machine, a machine frame, a reciprocating metal forming mechanism, a die cooperating means supported by the frame of the machine, a stationary Work ejector, shiftable means for laterally reinforcing the ejector when said die head is reciprocated toward the anvil of the machine whereby the ejector may constitute a Work forming Wall of the cavity of the die, and means for repositioning said shiftable means.

4l. An apparatus of the character described comprising a reciprocating die head, a die carried thereby having an elongated cavity for the reception of a piece of Work having a shank of substantially the same diameter as said elongated cavity, means for reciprocating said die head, a stationary member associated with the reciprocating means to extend into said elongated cavity and a series of collectible bearing members for laterally bracing said member during the forging stroke of said reciprocating means, and means for repositioning said collectible bearing members.

5. In an apparatus of the class described7 the combination of a die, a relatively thin member for ejecting Work formed in the die, means for reinforcing said ejecting member against bending comprising a sleeve having a series of tapered shoulders of progressively varying' diameters, a corresponding number of collectible annular members adapted to engage said ejecting member and said shoulders, and spring means for retaining each of said annular members in collected position on said ejector member until each of said annular members is engaged by the corresponding shoulder of the sleeve.

In testimony whereof, I hereunto affix my signature.

IVILLIAM HENRY SPIRE.

Images