US1856401A - Process and apparatus for the manufacture of artificial filaments - Google Patents

Process and apparatus for the manufacture of artificial filaments Download PDF

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Publication number
US1856401A
US1856401A US720106A US72010624A US1856401A US 1856401 A US1856401 A US 1856401A US 720106 A US720106 A US 720106A US 72010624 A US72010624 A US 72010624A US 1856401 A US1856401 A US 1856401A
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cell
spinning
die
gaseous medium
filaments
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US720106A
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English (en)
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Prince Edmond
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DuPont Rayon Co
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DuPont Rayon Co
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/04—Dry spinning methods
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F2/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F2/24—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof from cellulose derivatives
    • D01F2/28—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof from cellulose derivatives from organic cellulose esters or ethers, e.g. cellulose acetate
    • D01F2/30—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof from cellulose derivatives from organic cellulose esters or ethers, e.g. cellulose acetate by the dry spinning process

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to improvements in processes and ap aratus intended for the manufacture of arti cial filaments of all kinds constituted either by a single fibre 5 or by the union of several fibres, obtained by a flowing or spinning, in a gaseous medium, whether heated or not, of a more or less VIS- cous fluid of suitable composition, comprising essentially:
  • a solvent or solvent mixture (A), volatile in the operating conditions which are selected for spinning the said fluid is selected for spinning the said fluid.
  • the mixture (B) being constituted, for instance, by an ether, an ester, or another derivative of cellulose, alone, or mixed with other ethers, esters, or cellulose derivatives, or else by a derivative or mixture of derivatives of cellulose with substances adapted to impart plasticity or non-volatile solvents of the said derivatives.
  • the mixture (B) may be, if desired, such as also to comprise in every one of the above placed, at one of its ends, the spinning device or die which comprises essentially apertures or orifices the number, shape, and diameter of which is adapted to the kind of threads or filaments which it is desired to manufacture, and at the other end the orifice or orifices for the exit of this or these threads or filaments.
  • the heating may be arran ed, or be performed, in such a manner as to o tain a suitable uniform temperature for the whole of the inside of the cell, or, on the contrary, to obtain different temperatures at different levels in the cell, for instance, in such a way as to have a lower temperature at' the spinning device, so as not to affect the proper working thereof,
  • the process most generally used consists in passing through the cell, heated or not as the case may be, the evaporating gaseous medium, either already warmed or merely at ordinary temperature, the said medium en tering by the outlet orifice or orifices of the thread or threads or filament or filaments, or by openings provided in the portion of the walls or the cell which is in the vicinity of these orifices.
  • the gaseous current will then pass through the cell, will become loaded with the vapours of the solvent or solvent mixture (A) and issues from the cell by the.
  • the unsteadiness of the spinning has therefore the further objectionable effect of either preventing the manufacture of threads or filaments formed of very fine elementary fibres, or compelling a reduction of the speed of spinning, which diminishes the output of the plant and increases therefore the cost of production.
  • An elevation of the temperature in the vicinity of the-spinning dies has for its effect to diminish to a rapidly increasing extent the viscosity of the solution being spun, and, therefore, the resistance of the fibre being formed, which still contains all or most of the volatile solvent or solvents (A).
  • the spinning fluid may be cooled down to a temperature as lowas may be desired, by any known method, either before it reaches the spinning dies, or in the immediate vicinity of the latter, or both these courses ma be used simultaneously.
  • a suitable cooling arrangement may be placed in the cell or outside the latter, in the vicinity of the spinning dies, the cooling bein obtained by any suitable process such as, or instance, by providing the wall, if thermally conducting, any other device adapted toradiate heat or by providing a jacket in which a cooled fluid is caused to flow, or else by placing in the cell coils, ribbed tubes or other radiating devices in which flows a cold fluid, or by means of several or all of the above processes.
  • the length of the cells may be increased in the direction of the spinning; this will allow, all other conditions remaining the same, the diminishing of the maximum temperature to which the gaseous medium employed must be brought, and therefore also the temperature at which this medium issues from the cells.
  • the dryin medium may also be in troduced in the cel in the vicinity of the spinning dies, it may be exhausted near the exit of the threads or filaments from the cell, the medium being, or not being, heated in the Whole of the region of-the cell which is adapted for the drying.
  • the desired result may be obtained by causing the gaseous medium loaded with the volatile solvents to issue from the cell at a region suitably chosen, intermediate between the spinning dies and the exit of the threads or filaments.
  • the admission of the aseous medium may then take place either thegvicinity of the spinning dies is cold or is at ordinary temperature. it may, howe ver, be introduced at any suitable temperature for any desired purpose.
  • the atmosphere introduced in 1 ducin it in the neighbourhood of the spinning 1es, a gaseous medium the temperature of which is strictly uniform, or only undergpes' slight variation over long periods of time. It is so, for example, if the said gaseone medium is the atmosphere of the spin- ,nings'hed itself, or if it is heated or cooled in a suitable manner.
  • the elementary fibres will be of very uniform dimension and quality.
  • the temperature. of the medium in which the spinning process takes place that is, the temperature at which the gaseous medium issues from the cell
  • the temperature at which the gaseous medium issues from the cell is subjected, in those processes, to variations which are slight, but which are erratic and of short periods, due, for instance, to variations in the rate of fiow of the fluid to be spun, or of the gaseous medium used, the latter being then more or less cooled owing to the heat absorbed by the evaporation of the solvent or solvents or to variations in the degree of dryness of the fibres due to any cause, or to variations inherent to the'heating systems usually employed, whether carried out within the cell or outside the latter, or, most frequently, to variations arising out of all the above causes simultaneously.
  • the gaseous medium introduced by or in the vicinity of the exit orifices of the threads or filaments it may be brought in any manner to any desired temperature, before its admission to the cell. It may be referable, however, to introduce it cold in t e cell, for, by operating in this manner, and if the length of the cell is suflicient, not only the manufactured threads or filaments will leave the cell with the desired degree of dryness, but they will moreover issue from the cell as cold as possible. This has several practical advantages, among which may be mentioned the decrease of intensity of the objectionable electrification phenomena which usually take place during spinning of cellulose derivatives.
  • my invention is applicable to most varied types of cells, either isolated or united in groups more or less important, and whatever may be the manner in which the are constituted, the number or the form of t e threads obtained in each cell or of the elementary fibres of each thread or filament,- and the nature of the cellulose derivative, of the solvent or solvent mixture or of the various additive substances employed.
  • the spinning takes place downwards in the cells, or u wards or in any other manner, and it is o vious that any treatment may further be applied tothe manufactured threads or filaments after they have issued from the cell or cells.
  • the arrangements adapted to carry it out may be of any suitable description.
  • the inlets for the air or for the selected gaseous medium and which may be, or not, adjustable, are regularly distributed so as to distribute the gaseous stream in the best possible manner.
  • the distance provided between this exit, on the one hand, and the spinning dies or the exit orifices of the filament or filaments on the o her hand, may vary between lar e limits. It depends upon the special con itions in which spinning takes place, such as for instance the length of the cell, the constitution of the solutions employed, the natul'e of the solvent or solventsfthe form and the dimensions of-the spun fibre or fibres, the selected:
  • the selected gaseous medium, entering opposite the spinning dles may be any suitable device,
  • a thermallyl insulating joint may be provided between t e portion of the wall of the cell next to the spinning dies and next to the exit orifices, respectively.
  • Thermometers in suitable number may be provided to indicate the temperature at van- 7 ous points in the cell.
  • the stream of air'or of the selected evaporating gaseous medium may be produced in any suitable manner,
  • the air or gaseous medium may be sent in each cell by a blower, for instance, but preferably it will be, on the contrary, aspirated by connected after the cell, cell and the recovery for example between the or after the plant of the solvent or solvents, said recovery plant, if any.
  • the selected gaseous medium after issuing from the cell and after passing through the aspirating device may be exhausted in the surrounding atmosphere, for example, on the roof of the shed, by means of a suitable exhaust pipe, or yet carried away by water or a liquid if, for instance, the aspirating device is a liquid (water) jet aspirator, or it may be exhausted in any other manner.
  • scrubbing towers may be inserted in the exhaust for any desire purpose, such as to free the exhaust gases from any noxious or objectionable product before re ecting it in the atmosphere.
  • the gaseous medium may be use over again if desired, that is, it may be sent again into the cell or cells after having been completely or artially freed from the solvent or solvents A.) "and restored to the conditions in which it is desired to use it normally, by drying, or, on the contrary, by moistening, heating, or cooling, partial exhaust and admission of fresh medium, or generally any other operation.
  • re-employment may be whole or gillgfifll. be ing limited for example to thefee g of the cell or cells on the side of the spinning dies,
  • the gaseous medium issuing from a cell may be used again, wholly or in part, for feeding the next cells, this being done, for example, next to the exit orifice or orifices of the threads or filaments only, for systematically increasing the amount of vapours of the volatile solvents in the said cells, or for any other purpose.
  • vol-' atilesolvent or solvents (A) is advantageous, whether the gaseous medium is used over again or not. It may be carried out by any desired, usual, or known process, any su table devices, apparatus, or organs necessary ordesirable for the purpose being added to the cells or systems ofcells. It will be convenient in this case to be able to isolate, by any suitable means, any cell or group of cells the working of which is momentarily interrupted for any reason.
  • the total flow of the gaseous medium through the cell be li ited to the strict necessary minimum, so that the proportion in volatile solvents of the medium issuing from the cell may be as high as possible, and to this end it is necessary to adjust suitably the rate of flow through each cell.
  • the said regulating devices are advantageously used, as is customary, in connection with any controlling device, such as thermometers, manometers, flow-meters, automatic analyzing apparatus, sampling taps, etc.
  • Bafiles may also be provide for the purpose of minimizing eddies in the cell.
  • the gaseous atmosphere utilized for carrying away the vapors of these solvents being the air of the sheds
  • the -.fluid to be spun being a solution of acetate of cellulose in a, mixture of acetone and of ethyl alcohol.
  • the figure is a section along a plane along the axis, and perpendicular to the gen- 1 is the wall of the cell prefers. ly c ylindrical and of metal, and formed of sections 1a and 1b, suitabli connected to one another by means of a. t ermally insulating joint 1c, the whole being supported by a suitable irame, not shown.
  • the air 0 the enters the cell at the same time by the outinsulated by lafigging 5, 5.
  • '7 is a spinning die, formed of 5ising1 elementary spinning dies, nozzles or spinnerets 7a, 7a, said spinning die. 7 being pivoted about the axial support 8 in the stufling box 9. It receives, by the piping 10, the solution of cellulose acetate in a suitable mixture of ethylalcohol and acetone, which it is desired to spin into filaments, said solution being sup lied by means of any suitable device adapted to this end, and'provided with any 7 the polished surface of which may slide the the spun.
  • filaments.- 12' is the outlet for the thread, comprising a perforated bronze member 13, made in two portions, and placed at the apex of the cone; 14 is a door to WlllCh is secured one of the portions of the outlet 13.
  • a may also be provided, either before or after the delivery device 17.
  • 18 is a roll placed under the orifice 12, and rotated by any suitable means, not shown, on which the thread 16 winds itself when it is broken outside the cell, either accidentally or purposely.
  • 19 is a small door giving access to the sp nnigldie s eds let 12, or also, simultaneously by openings 20 and 20', provided in the conical member 11, and by openings 21 provided above the spinnerets in the upper portion of the cell.
  • an inlet 27 w 'ch is connected to any suitable source of sup 1y as a reservoir 28 containing air or any other gaseous medium ofthe desired composition of appropriate temperature, whereby the temperature in the en-,
  • the air laden with the voltaile vapours is aspirated by the tube or tubes, such as 22, opening into an annular chamber-23, so as to avoid the filaments being carried eous stream.
  • the aspirated air could in the outside atmosphere, on the roof of the shed, for instance; if, however, it is desired to recover the volatile solvent with which it and aspirating the gaseous medium away by the gasbe led to exhaust is laden, the tube or tubes 22 are connected to a collector 26 by a joint 25 provided with an interchangeable diaphragm 24.
  • the collector 26 is commonto a certain number of cells disposed in a similar manner. This collector may be provided with any desired accessory devices, and is itself connected to an air fan or pump, and to a system of apparatus for the recovery of the volatile ,solvents, not'shown.
  • the process of manufacturin filaments or threads by dry spinning, w ich comprises causing a viscous fluid to be extruded from a spinning die into an evaporative atmosphere in a closed cell, admitting a gaseou s medium into the cell in the vicinity of the spinning die, and admitting a gaseous medium into the' cell at'a point remote from said die, the composition and temperature of the gas admitted in the vicinity of the die being different from the composition and-temperature of the gaseous medium admitted at the point remote from the die.
  • the process of manufacturing filaments or threads by dry s inning which comprises causing a viscous uid to be extruded from a spinning die into an evaporative atmosphere in a closed cell individual to said spinning die, admittin a gaseous medium into the cell in the vicinity of the spinnin die, laden with a volatile constituent from are ion of the cell intermediate the spinning ie and thfi point of exit of the filaments from the co 5.
  • the process of manufacturing filaments or threads by dry spinning which comprises causing a viscous fluid to be extruded from a spinning die directly into an evaporative atmosphere, and simultaneously lowering the temperature of the fluid to be spun before it reaches the die and in the vicinity of the die.
  • the process of manufacturing filaments or threads by dry spinning which comprises causing a viscous fluid to be extruded from a admitting a gaseous medium into the cellin the vicinity of the spinning die, and withdrawing the gaseous medium laden with a volatile constituent from a region of the cell intermediate the spinning die and the point 'of exit of the filament-or thread from the cell.
  • An apparatus for manufacturing filaments or threads by dry spinning comprising a closed cell, a spinning die disposed in said cell, and means for simultaneously lowering the temperature of the fluid to be spun before it reaches the die and of .the atmosphere in the vicinity of the die.
  • An apparatus for manufacturing filaments or threads by dry spinning comprising a closed cell, a single spinning die disposed in said cell',means for admitting a gaseous medium into the cell in the vicinity of the spinning,
  • the process of manufacturing filaments or threads by dry spinning which comprises causing a viscous fluid to be extruded from a spinning die directly into an evaporative atmosphere in a closed cell, and lowering the temperature of the fluid to be spun.
  • the process of manufacturing filaments Y .or threads by dry spinning which comprises causing a viscous fluid to be extruded from a spinning die into an evaporative atmosphere in a closed cell individual to said spinning die, admitting a gaseous medium into the cell in the vicinity of the spinning die, and admitting a gaseous medium to the cell in the region where the filament or thread issues therefrom.
  • the process of manufacturing filaments or threads by dry spinning which comprises or threads by dry spinningbwhich comprises causing a viscous fluid to e extruded from a spinning die into an evaporative atmosphere in a closed cell, admitting a gaseous medium into the cell in the vicinity of the spinning die, and admitting a gaseous medium to the cell in'the re on where the filament or thread issues there cm, the composition of the second gas being different from that admitted in the vicinity of the die.
  • the process of manufacturing filaments I or threadsby dry spinning which comprises causinga viscous fluid to be extruded from a spinning die directly intoan evaporative atmosphere in a closed cell, and simultane ously lowering the temperature of the fluid to be spun before it reaches the die and in the vicinity of the die.
  • the process of manufacturing filaments or threads by dry spinning which comprises causing a viscous fluid to be extruded from a mosphere in a closed cell, simultaneously lowering the temperature of the fluid to be spun before it reaches the die and in the vicinity of the die, and withdrawing the gaseous medium laden with a volatile constituent from the region of the cell intermediate the spinning die and the point of exit of the filament or thread from the cell.
  • the process of manufacturing filaments or threads by dry spinning which comprises causing a viscous fluid'to be extruded from a spinning die in an evaporativeratmosphere in a closed cell, admitting a gaseous medium into the cell in the vicinity of the die, withdrawing the gaseous medium laden with a volatile constituent from a region of the cell intermediate the spinning die and the point of exit of the filament or thread from the cell, and admitting a gaseous medium in the region of the cell where the thread issues therefrom.
  • the process of manufacturing filaments or threads by dry spinning which comprises causing a viscous fluid to be extruded from a spmn mg die into an evaporative atmosphere in a closed cell, admitting a gaseous medium into the cell in the vicinity of the-spinning die, withdrawing the gaseous mediumladen with a volatile constituent from a region of the cell intermediate the spinning die and the point of exit of the filament or thread from the cell, and admitting a gaseous medium in the region where the thread issues from the cell, said gaseous medium being of different composition from that admitted in the vicinity of the die.
  • An apparatus for manufacturing filaments or threads by dry spinning comprising a closed cell, a single spinning die disposed in said cell, means for admitting a gaseous medium in the vicinity ofthe die, andmeans to admit a gaseous medium in the region of the tfzgll where the thread or filament issues thereom.
  • An apparatus for manufacturing filaments or threads by dry spinning comprising a closed cell, a single spmnmg die disposedv in said cell, means for admitting a gaseous medium 111t 0' the cell in the vicinity of the spmmngdie, means for withdrawing the gaseous medium laden with a volatile constituent from a region of the cell intermediate the spinning die and the point of exit of the filament or thread from the cell, and means to'admit agaseous medium in the region of the cell where the thread issues therefrom.
  • An apparatus for manufacturing filaments or threads by dry spirming comprising spinning die directly into an evaporative ata closed cell, aspinning die disposed in said cell, means for simultaneously lowering the temperature of the fluid to be spun before it reaches the die and of the atmosphere in the vicinity of the die, and means to admit a gaseous medium in the region of the'cell where the thread issues therefrom.
  • a method of manufacturing filaments and threads by the dry spinnin process which comprises'causing a viscous uid to be extruded from a spinning die directly into an evaporative atmosphere in a closed cell individual to said die introducing a gaseous medium in the vicinity of the d1e,causing said medium to travel in the direction of the thread and withdrawing said medium laden with solvents at a point intermediate the die anlrli the place where the thread leaves the ce 21.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
US720106A 1923-12-21 1924-06-14 Process and apparatus for the manufacture of artificial filaments Expired - Lifetime US1856401A (en)

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FR587222T 1923-12-21

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US720106A Expired - Lifetime US1856401A (en) 1923-12-21 1924-06-14 Process and apparatus for the manufacture of artificial filaments
US297148A Expired - Lifetime US1918816A (en) 1923-12-21 1928-08-03 Process for manufacturing artificial threads

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US297148A Expired - Lifetime US1918816A (en) 1923-12-21 1928-08-03 Process for manufacturing artificial threads

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US (2) US1856401A (cs)
BE (1) BE351420A (cs)
DE (2) DE428745C (cs)
FR (2) FR587222A (cs)
GB (1) GB300672A (cs)
NL (1) NL24080C (cs)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4627811A (en) * 1984-01-19 1986-12-09 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Apparatus for producing a spunbond
US5667749A (en) * 1995-08-02 1997-09-16 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Method for the production of fibers and materials having enhanced characteristics
US5711970A (en) * 1995-08-02 1998-01-27 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Apparatus for the production of fibers and materials having enhanced characteristics
US5811178A (en) * 1995-08-02 1998-09-22 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. High bulk nonwoven sorbent with fiber density gradient
US5913329A (en) * 1995-12-15 1999-06-22 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. High temperature, high speed rotary valve
US20030203196A1 (en) * 2000-11-27 2003-10-30 Trokhan Paul Dennis Flexible structure comprising starch filaments
US6709526B1 (en) 1999-03-08 2004-03-23 The Procter & Gamble Company Melt processable starch compositions
US6723160B2 (en) 2002-02-01 2004-04-20 The Procter & Gamble Company Non-thermoplastic starch fibers and starch composition for making same
US20040183238A1 (en) * 2001-09-06 2004-09-23 James Michael David Process for making non-thermoplastic starch fibers
US6811740B2 (en) 2000-11-27 2004-11-02 The Procter & Gamble Company Process for making non-thermoplastic starch fibers
US6955850B1 (en) 2004-04-29 2005-10-18 The Procter & Gamble Company Polymeric structures and method for making same
US20050244635A1 (en) * 2004-04-29 2005-11-03 The Procter & Gamble Company Polymeric structures and method for making same
US7029620B2 (en) 2000-11-27 2006-04-18 The Procter & Gamble Company Electro-spinning process for making starch filaments for flexible structure

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2732585A (en) * 1956-01-31 Spinner head
US2588583A (en) * 1948-12-18 1952-03-11 Celanese Corp Process for spinning
GB855023A (en) * 1958-08-09 1960-11-30 British Nylon Spinners Ltd Improvements in or relating to thread guides for spinning man-made filament yarns
MX393983B (es) 2015-09-01 2025-03-24 Univ California Bibliotecas de polipéptidos modulares y métodos para elaborarlas y usarlas

Cited By (41)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US4627811A (en) * 1984-01-19 1986-12-09 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Apparatus for producing a spunbond
US5667749A (en) * 1995-08-02 1997-09-16 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Method for the production of fibers and materials having enhanced characteristics
US5711970A (en) * 1995-08-02 1998-01-27 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Apparatus for the production of fibers and materials having enhanced characteristics
US5807795A (en) * 1995-08-02 1998-09-15 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Method for producing fibers and materials having enhanced characteristics
US5811178A (en) * 1995-08-02 1998-09-22 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. High bulk nonwoven sorbent with fiber density gradient
US5913329A (en) * 1995-12-15 1999-06-22 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. High temperature, high speed rotary valve
US20110177335A1 (en) * 1999-03-08 2011-07-21 The Procter & Gamble Company Fiber comprising starch and a surfactant
US7938908B2 (en) 1999-03-08 2011-05-10 The Procter & Gamble Company Fiber comprising unmodified and/or modified starch and a crosslinking agent
US7666261B2 (en) 1999-03-08 2010-02-23 The Procter & Gamble Company Melt processable starch compositions
US20040132873A1 (en) * 1999-03-08 2004-07-08 The Procter & Gamble Company Melt processable starch compositions
US20090124729A1 (en) * 1999-03-08 2009-05-14 The Procter & Gamble Company Melt processable starch compositions
US7041369B1 (en) 1999-03-08 2006-05-09 The Procter & Gamble Company Melt processable starch composition
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US20090061225A1 (en) * 1999-03-08 2009-03-05 The Procter & Gamble Company Starch fiber
US7704328B2 (en) 1999-03-08 2010-04-27 The Procter & Gamble Company Starch fiber
US9458556B2 (en) 1999-03-08 2016-10-04 The Procter & Gamble Company Fiber comprising polyvinylpyrrolidone
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US6709526B1 (en) 1999-03-08 2004-03-23 The Procter & Gamble Company Melt processable starch compositions
US20030203196A1 (en) * 2000-11-27 2003-10-30 Trokhan Paul Dennis Flexible structure comprising starch filaments
US6811740B2 (en) 2000-11-27 2004-11-02 The Procter & Gamble Company Process for making non-thermoplastic starch fibers
US7029620B2 (en) 2000-11-27 2006-04-18 The Procter & Gamble Company Electro-spinning process for making starch filaments for flexible structure
US7276201B2 (en) 2001-09-06 2007-10-02 The Procter & Gamble Company Process for making non-thermoplastic starch fibers
US20040183238A1 (en) * 2001-09-06 2004-09-23 James Michael David Process for making non-thermoplastic starch fibers
US20050076809A1 (en) * 2002-02-01 2005-04-14 Mackey Larry Neil Non-thermoplastic starch fibers and starch composition for making same
US7025821B2 (en) 2002-02-01 2006-04-11 The Procter & Gamble Company Non-thermoplastic starch fibers and starch composition for making same
US6802895B2 (en) 2002-02-01 2004-10-12 The Procter & Gamble Company Non-thermoplastic starch fibers and starch composition for making same
US20040149165A1 (en) * 2002-02-01 2004-08-05 The Procter & Gamble Company Non-thermoplastic starch fibers and starch composition for making same
US6723160B2 (en) 2002-02-01 2004-04-20 The Procter & Gamble Company Non-thermoplastic starch fibers and starch composition for making same
US6977116B2 (en) 2004-04-29 2005-12-20 The Procter & Gamble Company Polymeric structures and method for making same
US7744791B2 (en) 2004-04-29 2010-06-29 The Procter & Gamble Company Method for making polymeric structures
US7754119B2 (en) 2004-04-29 2010-07-13 The Procter & Gamble Company Method for making polymeric structures
US20100225018A1 (en) * 2004-04-29 2010-09-09 David William Cabell Polymeric structures and method for making same
US20100230846A1 (en) * 2004-04-29 2010-09-16 David William Cabell Polymeric structures and method for making same
US20050275133A1 (en) * 2004-04-29 2005-12-15 Cabell David W Polymeric structures and method for making same
US20050263938A1 (en) * 2004-04-29 2005-12-01 Cabell David W Polymeric structures and method for making same
US20050244635A1 (en) * 2004-04-29 2005-11-03 The Procter & Gamble Company Polymeric structures and method for making same
US8623246B2 (en) 2004-04-29 2014-01-07 The Procter & Gamble Company Process of making a fibrous structure
US20050244634A1 (en) * 2004-04-29 2005-11-03 The Procter & Gamble Company Polymeric structures and method for making same
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DE428745C (de) 1926-05-10
FR34884E (cs) 1927-10-22
GB300672A (en) 1928-11-12
FR587222A (fr) 1925-04-14
US1918816A (en) 1933-07-18
BE351420A (cs) 1928-06-30
NL24080C (cs) 1931-05-15
DE487242C (de) 1929-12-04

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