US1853731A - Reservoir pen - Google Patents

Description

April 12, 1932. T. KOVACS 1,853,731

RESERVOIR PEN' Filed Aug. '7; -1930 Arty.

l 2o1 Accordmg VPatented apr. 12.1932;

-giNirED srA'rl-:s APAfri?.NTL--ori-fici;

'rnnonon xovAcs, or BEBLINKGERMANY. AssIGNon 'ro man man @Umgang WAGNER.

OF GERMANY Application med/August 7, 1980.`Seria1 No j My I 10 periodically closes the air inlet openin of the nib.' When the the reservoir pen is diaphragm of ink which forms on use air `rises in .the air passage a1r. and abody of 15- at increasing velocity. As the velocity of the air increases, the flow of ink toward the nib increases also, and the 'inlet'opening of the, nib is a ain closed by the ink. `This cycle is repeate periodicall l'o m surging is reduce invention the periodical 'to a minnnum. I have Afound thatthe restriction of the air assage P 'must .be such as to make up for the increase ofjow intensity .which results from 'the increasing headby' the lresistance ofthe ink` c rising in the airjpas'sage, 'which resistance increases as the cross-sectional area of ,thg pasf -sage decreases.,l f l' Y M The largpstcross-sectionalarea of the air l0 passage is 1n the vicinity of the airinlet openmg o the nib. The section'atthis point 1s so large that the surging which 1s still present notwithstanding the restriction of the airpas- 'sa will not close the air inlet opening.

e airpassage must not be restricted too much .at its upper end asit might become clogged, andstherefore the' restriction zonly extends to about the level of the end of the nib, and the air passage is abruptly extended atthis point. A l j .In-the drawings aixedto-thisspecification ,andjformingpart thereof the lower endbf a reservoir en embodyinginy invention is -illustrated iagrammatically by wayV of examp ble.

invention relates to reservoirpens. 1t' is an obj ect' of my invention to prevent sur .sectional area of which is l the inlet KK opening of the nib is broken by the make-up with two capillary giooves nasse, una in Germany August-19, 1929'.

In' the drawings l the feed bar of a reservoir pen on the line I\V'I in Fig. 2, drawn to/a magnified scale,

Figs. '2, 3 and 4 are cross sections of the feed lbar and the nib onthe corresponding o lines in Fig. 1, i

Fig.- 5 is an end elevation of the feed bar ,Y viewed yin thedirec'tionfof the arrow V inf.. v Fig-1,- -t- Fig. 6 is an elevation of the feed bar viewed from the left-inxFig. 41,- and S Fig. 7 is a longitudinal section of the feed bar Jtaken on the line VII-VII in Fig. 3.

' Referring now to the drawings, A is thev neck of the reservoir penB- islthe feed bar, C is the nib, and D is its air` inlet opening. E.y is the passagefn the feed bar which is'p'ovided F--F at its base. Any number of ooves'may be rovided in- .stead of two.^ `T` e cross-sectiona 'area ofthe assageE is largest at'the level of the`air fromthis point it is gradually restricted to a` point which is about at the level of the upper end ffthe nib C. o Preferably the depth of the airpassagesE is varied-by a parabolic law. For' the sake of convenience, the bottom of tle passage E has been shown straight and may be madestraight inpractice. The fled bar is stepped at H near 73 its" upper endv so t t thecross-sectionalarea of the air passage E is `abruptly increased tol form an'ante chamber N offthe reservoir K.

The feed barB has a'substailtially cylinlnlet opening D and drical central portion 1, with which it .fits the 80- boreof 4the neck A. The seat for the nib C is also formed by this central portion, the` nib being tcaught between the central portion and the inner wall of the neck A. The rear faceofLV the central portion, i. e., the-face whichis op 35 positethe `seat for the nib' C, is' lstepped at 2 and from this point to its lower ,end 3 the configuration of the feed barv at its back resembles the letter S, as shown in Fig. 1. The-back itc self is straight in transverse directiomas will l0 Fig. 1 is a section ofthe neck, the'nib and l p 4 only the central rib 16.

appear from Figs 2 and 3. The front face of the feed bar from its lower end 3 to the point 4 at the lower end of the step H is parallel to the nib C and from the point 4 it is shaped 5 like the letter Z, 4having a kink 6 at the upper end of the step H, and another kink at 7. The portion from the kink 7 to the upper end 5 of the feed bar may be parallel to the step H. The passage E is straight from its intersec- 10 tion 8 with the step H to a point 9 which is a short distancbelow the upper end of the ai;`

. inlet opening D, and slightly inclined toward the back of the feed bar. From the point 9 Yto a point 33 above the lower end 3 of the feed bar it is curved. As mentioned, its bottom, supposing that its width is constant, should be curved on a parabola, but for practical considerations it is preferred to make it straight from 8 to 9.

out the length' of the eed bar from a point 55 just below its upper end 5 to a point 33. just above its lower end 3. They are`kinked from 55 to 77 in parallel to the step 7, 5, then extend in parallel to the straight portion 6,

7 from the point 77 and beyond 6, 7 to a point 99 at the level of the point 9, and from here in a curve reach the point 33. The lower portion of the feed bar isrecessedat both sides 39 of the passage E from points lO'which are situated about at the level pfpoint 2 to points 11 which are about at the level o point 9. The two recesses 12 and 13 appear in Figs. 2 'and 3 which also show the two walls 14 and 3 5 l5 at the sides of the passages E and F, F and the central rib 16 between the passages F, F. The sectionfin Fig. 4 extends throu hthe substantially solid central portion 1 o the bar B and does not show the recesses 12 Assume that the reservoir K and the antechamber N are iilled with a writing liquid, which may benormal writingink, india ink or thelike, and that the ink at the lower en of the air passage E is at the level M. The

remaining portion of the passage is illed l with a continuous body of air which at its ulpper end G has penetrated into the anteamber N and at' the next instant will rise as a. very small bubble. Surging occurs upon .the detaching'of the bubble, the ink penetrating into the passage E as far as the level J, -and rising as far as the level L at the lower end of the passage. 4As mentioned, the level L must not rise so far as to close the air.- inlet opening D, the cross-sectional area ofthe passage at .this point being suitably proportioned. 1. is the vesical head of the @011mm of liquid which is suspended from the main body of ,L0 the liquid at J' and extends through the oo ves F to the end ofthe nib C. The head p and the resistance of the/,meniscus at J determine the intensity of' the flow. As the ink is consumed upon writing, the level J rises l5 and 1|. increases. At the same time, however,

lThe capillary passages F extend throughv and 13 but the surface of the ink is reduced on account ofthe gradual restriction 'of the passage so that the resistance against upward movement f the liquid due to its surfacetension, is in-n creased. With an air passage E designed as described in which the cross-sectionallarea of the passage is restricted as a fuiction ofthe head i1. the oW of the liquid becomes constant or is subjected to small variations only, so that surging to any appreciable lextent is prel vented.

Variations of the cross-sectional area of the air passage E may be effected by varying its" depth, as shown, by varying its width, or by varying both factors. However, I may also design the air passage with constant crosssectional area and so arrange V.the nib c that it penetrates deeper into the passage at its upper end than atits lower en I wish it to be understood that I do not desire to be limited to the exact details of i construction shown and described for ob;

vious modifications will occur to a person',

skilled in the art. l f.

In the claims aixed to this specification no selection of any particular modification of theinvention lis intended to the exclusion of other modiiications thereofV and the right to subsequently make claim to any modification not covered by these claims is expressly re` o'nnected with said reservoir, the cross-sec-v tional area of which passage is gradually `reduced from "said nib toward said reservoir -at such a rate that at any position of the surface of the ink in said passages the capillary forces at the edge of said surface exceed the iisv suction acting on the surface for a constant amount.

3. A reservoir pen comprising a reservoir for a writin li uid, a nib yhaving an. air inlet opening, an a eed bar extending from said reservoir to `said nib and having an air-passage and capillary grooves connected with said reservoir, the cross-sectionall area of 'which passage is gradually reduced from said nib toward said reservoir, and is so lar at the level of' said air inlet opening that t e liquid in said passage will not close said air inlet lopening when surging of the liquid occurs. k, 4. A reservoir pen comprising a reservoir for a writingliquid, a nib, and afeed bar extending from said reservoir to said nib and having an air passage and capillary grooves yconnected with said reservoir, the cross-see- -tionai area of yvhh passage 1s gradually re- .duced from sald nib toward said reservoir at such a rate that at any position of thesurface of the ink in said passages the capillary forces at the edge of said surface exceed the suction acting on the surface for a constant amount, with an abrupt increase of `cross-sectional area near the upper end of said nib.A

1n testimony whereof I aix my signature.

THEODOR IKOVGS.

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