US1851176A - Paper manufacture - Google Patents

Description

March 29, 1932.

A. R. HARVEY PAPER MANUFACTURE Filed June 15,

2 Sheets-Sheet l March 29, 1932. HARVEY 1,851,176

PAPER MANUFACTURE Filed June 13, 1930 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 0 66 65 7a 7.9 O 7 v a.

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, method. Other objects and advantages of the inven- Patented Mar. 29, 1932 stares teams HARVEY, or mrnnnnrown, OHIO, Assmnon To run GARDNER & HARVEY GOMPANY, 0F MIDDLETOWN, OHIO, A CORPORATION OF OHIO PAPER MANUFACTURE Application filed June 13, 1930. Serial No. 460,993.

;This invention relates to the manufacture of paper, and more particularly to the manufacture of moistureproof or waterproof paper, such as is suitable for container board.

One ofthe principal objects of the invention is to provide a method of making a paper of this character which is simple, easily carried out, admits of accurate and effective control of the ingredients and of the paper making operation, and which is efiective to produce a high grade waterproof or moistureproof paper of controlled characteristics.

Still another object of the invention is to provide a method of forming an emulsion of a waterproofing material such as bitumen in a colloidal suspension, such as a water suspension of clay, in which accurate control of the character, temperature and other characteristics of the emulsion, and of the proportions of the ingredients of the emulsion, is-

readily efiected and maintained.

Still another object of the invention is to traveling felt 17.

a web of paper is formed on the screen forming surface thereof, the liquid of the stock passing through the cylinder mold and being withdrawn from the central portion thereof in the customary manner. The web carried upwardly by the rotation of the cylinder mold is transferred opposite a couch roll 18 to a v This traveling felt is trained successively over the respective cylinder molds in series, so that a separate web of paper is added to the felt, or' to the webs carried by the felt, at each respective cylinder mold, thereby forming a multiply sheet.

Thus in the manufacture of container board, the first vat 10 may be sup lied with a better grade of bottom liner stoc whereas the vats 11 and 12, as well as the vats 13 and 14, may be supplied with inferior grades of filler stock. Likewise the vat 15, may be supplied with a better grade of top liner stock. While six vats and six cylinder molds are illustrated in the drawings, it is to be underprovide apparatus for carrying out the ah y stood that any other suitable number may be tion will be apparent from the following description, the accompanying drawings and appended claims.

In the drawings, in which like characters of reference designate like parts throughout the several views thereofv r Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic illustration of a portion of the apparatus constructed for carrying out the method of this invention;

Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic illustration of another portion of the apparatus, Figs. 1 and 2 when placed together on the line A-A'disclosing the complete apparatus; and

' Fig.3 is a diagrammatic illustration of certainof the control mechanism of this invention.

Referring to the drawings which discloses a preferred embodiment of the invention,

there is illustrated in Fig. l by way of example a paper forming machine of the cyla plurality of vats, designated 10 to 15 inc usive. A cylinder mold 16 is mounted in each vat, and dips within paper forming stock supplied to its respective vat. Upon rotation of the perforate cylinder mold,

character desired.

Postioned intermediate two of the vats 12 and 13 is a tank or vat 20, to which is supplied by the pipe 21 a suitable waterproofing material. Dipping within the liquid -yvaterproofing material in vat 20-is a perforate rotary roll 22 having a fine screen surface which serves to pick upa film or layer of the waterproofing material upon rotation of the roll 22, and to apply this film of waterproofing material to the web or sheet carried by the felt 17 as it contacts with the roll 22 opposite a couch roll 23. In this manner, a

multiply sheet is formed having an interior layer or film of waterproofing material, the

particular arrangement shown providing a sheet of three lower paper plies, then a layer or film of waterproofing material and then three superposed upper layers-or plies of pa-.

per. The sheet formed on the cylinder machine is then carried to suitable treating apterial for paper of this character is a pitchy 'paratus such as is customary in board mamoisture and water, it is desirable that the quantity or proportion of waterproofing material, such as asphalt, added to the sheet be accurately controlled and the proportion maintained. Container boards for different uses also require different amounts or proportions of waterproofing material, depending uponthe degree of moistureproofness or waterproofness desired. The apparatus for carrying out ,the method of the present invention is constructed to easily and accurate- 1y maintain the desired proportions, and to permit ready and accurate variation of the ingredients for different grades of paper.

' Referring to Fig. 1 of the drawings, a tank 26 is supplied from a suitable source with a pitchy binder such as asphalt. This tank is provided with suitable heating coils, such as steam coils 27,.in order to maintain the asphalt properly fluid. A high melting point asphalt, such as one having a melting point in excess of 250 F. may be used, although lower melting point pitches are satisfactory. A pipe 28 opening from the bottom of tank 26 communicates with the intake of a suitable pump, such as a gear pump 29, which serves to withdraw the molten asphalt from tank 26- andv circulate it through a pipe 30 discharging into a headbox 31 arranged above tank 26. Headbox 31 is provided with a partition 32 dividing the same into two compartments 33 and34. The partition 32 terminates below the upper end of box 31 so that excess material supplied to the'headbox overflows this partition into the compartment 33 and thence is returned by gravity feed pipe 35 to tank 26. Compartment 34 communicates by pipe 36 with aconstant displacement type of pump 37, very satisfactory results being secured by a pump of the lobed impeller type such as a Roots pump. In this type ofpump, a constant volume of material is supplied on each revolution of the impellers of the pump, so that an accurate control of the material supplied. is secured by controlling the rate of rotation of the impellers ofthe pump.

At the same time, a suspension of a suitable colloidal material, such as clay, is formed in water in a tank or clay blu-nger 40 provided witha suitable agitating mechanism 41 driven by a motor 42. This suspension passes by a valve controlled feed pipe 43 to a suspension storage tank 44, where a suitably large volume of the suspension may be formed and tory results are maintained in readiness for use. A pipe 45 opening from the bottom of tank 44 connects with the intake of a suitable pump, such .as a centrifugal pump 46, which in turn discharges through a pipe 47 into a suitable headbox 48 similar in construction to headbox 31. Preferably a vibrating screen, such as a reciprocating plate screen 49, is interposed in the circulating system to screen out lumps and large particles or impurities from the suspension, this screen being conveniently positioned between the discharge of pipe 47 and the headbox 48. The headbox 48 is pro-' vided with an overflow partition 50, so that the excess suspension supplied thereto may overflow this partition and return by downtake pipe 51 tothe clay blunger 40. -A con.-

1 results being secured nected by a coupling 59 to a shaft 60 containing acone pulley mechanism diagrammatical- 1y illustrated at 61. The cone pulley mech anism 61 is connected by belt 62 with a cooperating cone pulley mechanism 63 mounted on a shaft 64 to which is pinned a pulley or cog Wheel 65 connected by belt or chain 66 with a pulley or cog wheel 67 mounted on the.

shaft 68 of the asphalt pump 37. Shaft 64 also has pinned thereto a pulley 7 0 connected by belt 71 with a pulley 72 on shaft 73 carrying a cone pulley mechanism 74, which in turn is belted at 75 to a cooperating cone pulley mechanism 76 on shaft 77. This shaft 77 has pinned thereto a pulley 78 which is belted at 79 to a pulley 80 on shaft 81 of the clay suspension pump 54. s 1

As the constant displacement pump 37 continuously supplying a stream of asphalt, and

the constant "displacement pump 54 continuously supplying a stream of clay suspension, are driven at controlled and proportionate speeds by the common driving motor 58, ac curate proportioning of the ingredients is. thus insured. The asphalt supplied to tank 26 to make up that used may of course be in its natural form, so that there isno substantial variation in the supply of this ingredient. Controlled amounts and proportions of water and clay are supplied from time to time to the clay blunger 40 to make up for the amount of clay suspension removed from the system, and to maintain the clay suspension of a definite concentration. For example, satisfacobtained in the manufacture of container board by mixing and formingan initial suspension of clay in water in the proportions of about one-half pound of clay to the gallon of water. This clay is a very finely divided clay, generally of a size which will pass through an eighty mesh screen. The ingredients thus pass to the pumps 37 and 54 undersuitably standardized conditions, and definite proportions of these ingredients are supplied by the synchronized pumps. The construction permits the ready and accurate variation of the proportions of ingredients, such as for different grades of container board. For example, if it is desired to vary the proportions of the clay suspension, this may be done" by adjusting the cone pulley mechanism 7476, which varies the speed of the clay suspension pump 54: without varying or disturbing the speed of the asphalt pump 37. Again, if it is desired to vary the total quantity of ingredients pumped per unit of time without varying the proportions of the ingredients, this may be done by adjusting the cone pulley mechanism 6163 which varies proportionately the driving rates of both the asphalt pump 37 and the clay suspension pump 54.. Or both the total quantity of ingredients supplied, and the proportions of the ingredients supplied" may be varied in a controlled manner by proper manipulation of both cone pulley mechanisms 61 63 and It is found desirable to control the temperatures of the ingredients being mixed and emulsified, as well as their proportions, in

order to obtain an emulsion of better character, and a more satisfactory paper. As shown, the asphalt pump 37 forces the molten and highly heated asphalt through a cooling coil 84 prior to its introduction by pipe 85 into an emulsion forming tank 86. For example, the melted asphalt coming from tank 26 is generally at a temperature in excess of 300 F. and this asphalt is cooled toa temperature of approximately 260" F. at the coil 84. This.may be 'aniatmospheric cooling coil. Also the clay suspension pump 5d forces this suspension through a heating coil 87 immersed in a bath of heated liquid, such as hot water,'in a tank 88' provided with valve controlled inlet and outlet connections 89 and 90 respectively for the introduction of the heating liquid to the tank. The clay suspension is thus preferably heated to a temperature of approximately 160 F. before it is introduced by pipe 91 into the emulsion tank 86.

'While the proportions of the asphalt and clay may be varied over a wide range and a satisfactory emulsion formed, itis found preferable to maintain the quantity of clay or inert colloid in the emulsion at a low percentage so as to not unduly dilute the waterproofing uality of the asphalt or other pitchy'binder. ery satisfactory results havebeen secured in actual commercial operations in the manufacture. of container board with I an emulsion in which the amount of asphalt is approximately nine times the dry weight of the clay used. Any suitable form of emulsifier may be used which is satisfactory to convert the ingredients into a non-adhesive emulsion of sufficiently permanent character. One satisfactory type of emulsifying tank'is illustrated in the drawings which is provided with an interior cylindrical partition 93 within which is mounted a'high speed agitating mechanism 94: driven by a suitable motor 95, serving to impart a downward circulation of the mixed ingredients through the channel confined by the partition 93, the circulating mass then passing beneath the partition 93 to the periphery of the tank and upwardly through the outside annular channel to the upper portion thereof. In order to further control the conditions of emulsification, the tank 86 is provided with a jacket 86 to which a heating fluid such as hot water may be supplied by pipe 96, or.a cooling fluid such as cold water by pipe 97, the said heating or coolingmedium dischargint' from the jacket by pipe 98.

A suitable thermostat 100 of conventional character is provided within the emulsion tank, and is connected by a suitable conventional form of linkage 101 with avalve 103 in pipe 96, and by a similar linkage 104 with a valve 105 in the pipe 97, to automatically control the supply ofheating or cooling medium to the tank to maintain a predetermined temperature conditions therein. The arrangement is such that should the temperature within the tank fall below a predetermined point, the thermostat 100 will actuate the linkage to close valve and to open valve 103' to supply a heating fluid .to the jacket 95; and conversely should the temperature of the emulsion rise above the predetermined degree, thevalve 103 is closed and the valve 105 is opened to supply a cooling medium thereto. Y

'During the continuous supply of a concoordinated with the rate of withdrawal of the formed'emulsion by pipe 107 so as to maintain a desired level of material within tank 86. Pipe 107 is connected by val-ve controlled branches 108 and 109 to a plurality of dilution tanks, shown to be two in number and designated 110 and 111 respectively. Each dilution tank is provided with a suitable agitating mechanism shown as a motor driven stirrer 112, and dilution water is added by pipe 113 having valve controlled branches 114 and 115 respectively communicating with the tanks 110 and 111. After the emulsion is once formed, it is miscible in substantally all proportons with water, and for convenience in handling and for proper application at the forming machine it is diluted from the higher concentration which is more satisfactory for the initial formation of the emulsion. In the manufacture of container board, satisfactory results are secured by the dilution of the emulsion with water at these dilution tanks so as to provide an emulsion containing about 2 pounds of asphalt to the gallon of emulsion. Preferably two or more dilution tanks are provided so that one may be receiving the emulsion continuously discharged from the emulsifying tank 86, while the proper dilution of the batch previously supplied to the other tank is being carried out therein, and that batch is then being pumped to a storage tank.

The dilution tanks 110 and 111 communi- Cate by valve controlled pipes 117 and 118 respectively with the intake 119 of a suitable pump, such asa. centrifugal pump 121), which forces the emulsion through a discharge pipe 121 to a storage tank 122, where a reserve supply of the emulsion is maintained. Preferably the pipe 121 discharges onto a vibrating plate screen 123 to rename any remaining lumps or objectionably large particles from the emulsion, the screen in turn discharging into tank During operation of the paper machine, emulsion is continuously withdrawn from the lower portion of tank 122 throughpipe 125 by centrifugal pump 126 and forced through pipe 127 to a headbox 128 arranged at a higher level than tank 122, another vibrating plate screen 129 being positioned within the circulating line, preferably to receive the discharge from the pipe 127 and to direct the screened emulsion into headbox 128. Headbox 128 is provided with two spaced partitions 130 and 131, dividing the headbox into three compartments 132-134, the screen 129- discharging into the central compartment 133. The excess emulsion supplied to the headbox overflows partition 130 into compartment 132, and is then returned by the gravity feed pipe 136 to the storage tank 122 Partition 131 is provided with a sliding gate or adjustable Weir 137, so that the quantity oi emulsion discharge from compartment 134 into the gravity offtake pipe 138 maybe controlled and suitable varied. Pipe 138 in turn discharges into a dilution box 140 into which additional dilution water may be added by pipe 141 controlled by valve 142' to suitably dilute thewaterproofing emulsion for use on the paper machine. Thus satisfactory results are obtained in the manufacture of container board 'maintain the desired level within vat 20.

where the emulsion is finally-diluted for use to provide about one to two pounds of asphalt to the gallon of Water supplied to the paper machine. The dilution box 140 communicates by gravity feed pipe 143 with the pipe 21 which in turn discharges into vat 20 to maintain the desired level of emulsion with inthis vat.

In this manner, an emulsion of standard concentration is produced and supplied to the storage tank 122. This emulsion is then continously circulated and agitated, and a continuous stream is withdrawn at a controlled rate from the circulating mass by suitable adjustment of plate 137. By suitably adjusting the plate 137, the quantity of asphalt supplied to the web is coordinated with the speed of the paper machine and consequently the speed of formation of the paper web, and also with the quantity of asphalt or emulsion to be added to the paper web, so that a film of the desired thickness and containing the desired quantity of waterproofing material is continuously applied to the traveling web. Thus with some types of container board, the addition of an interior film containing about fifteen pounds of asphalt per thousand square feet of board is satisfactory to give the desired 1noistureproofness, whereas with other types of container board the application of about twenty pounds of asphalt per square feet of board is desirable.

At the same time, the total quantity of liquid supplied to the vat 20 may be adjusted by manipulation of valve 142 in dilution pipe 141 so as to maintain the proper level of emulsion in vat 20. .Thus where it is. desired to add the same quantity of waterproofing material to the sheet, but for some reason the total quantity of liquid emulsion supplied to vat 20 is not suflicient to maintain the level therein, increased quantities of water are added by pipe 141 to maintain the liquid level in vat 20 I Without varying the actual amount of asphalt or other waterproofing material added to the vat, and accordingly to the sheet, per unit of time. lVhere the liquid level in vat 20 tends to rise, the supply of emulsion liquid may be cut down by suitably restricting the amount of dilution li uid added by pipe 141 without in any way hanging the total quantity of waterproofing material added. On the other hand. where it is desired to change the quantity of waterproofing material added, this may be done by suitably changing the positioning of plate 137 to increase or decrease the quantity of emulsion supplied by pipe 138, the

quantity of dilution water added at pipe 141 I then being coordinated therewith so as to lVhile the method-herein described, and

the form of apparatus for carrying this method into effect, constitute preferred embodiments of the invention, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to this precise method and form of apparatus, and that changes may be made in either without departing from the scope of the invention which is defined in the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

1. In the manufacture of paper, the method which comprises'heating a pitchy binder to maintain the same properly fluid, circulating the fluid binder, forming a water suspens1on binder, forming a water suspension of a C01- ing loidal substance such as clay,

loidal substance such as clay, simultaneously circulating the water suspension, withdrawing controlled and proportioned streams of agitating the withdrawn stream of pitchy binder and the withdrawn stream ofscreened Water suspension of colloidal substance to form an emulsion thereof, and utilizing the emulsion as an ingredient in the formation of a sheet of paper.

5. In the manufacture of paper, the method which comprises heating a pitchy binder to maintain the same properly fluid, circulating the fluid binder,-forming a water suspension of a colloidal substance such as clay, simultaneously circulating the water suspension, withdrawing controlled and proportioned streams of the circulating pitchy binder and water suspension, mixing and agitating the withdrawn streams to form an emulsion thereof, diluting the formed emulsion with water, screening the diluted emulsion, and utilizing the screened emulsion as an ingredient in the formation of a sheet of paper.

6. In the manufacture of paper, the meth:

od which comprises heating a pitchy binder to maintain the same properly fluid, circuthe circulating pitchy binder and water sus- V pension, cooling the withdrawn stream of pitchy binder to a relatively lower temperature,-mixing and agitating the withdrawn cooled stream of pitchy binder with the withdrawn stream of water suspension, agitating the mixture to form an emulsion thereof, and applying the emulsion to a traveling web of paper. e

3. In the manufacture of paper, the method which comprises heating a pitchy binder to a relative higher temperature to maintain the same properly fluid, circulating the fluid binder, forming a water suspension of a colsimultaneously circulating the water suspension, withdrawcontrolled and proportioned'streams of the circulating pitchy binder and water suspension, cooling the withdrawn stream of pitchy binder to a relatively lower temperature, heating the withdrawn stream of water suspension to a controlled higher temperature, mixing the withdrawn streams of pitchy binder and water suspension at controlled temperatures, agitating the mixed streams under controlled temperature conditions to form an emulsion thereof, diluting the emulsion with water, and applying the diluted emulsion to a traveling web of paper.

4. In the manufacture of paper, the method which comprises heating a pitchy binder to maintain the same properly fluid, circulating the fluid binder, forming a water suspension of a colloidal substance such as clay, simultaneously circulating the water suspension, withdrawing controlled and proportioned streams of the circulating pitchy binder and water suspension, screening the water suspension of colloidal substance, mixing and .taneously circulating withdrawing controlled and proportioned lating the fluid binder, forming a water suspension of a colloidal substance such as clay,

simultaneously circulating the water suspension, withdrawing controlled and proportioned streams of the circulating pitchy binder and water suspension, mixing and agitating the withdrawn streams toform' an emulsion thereof, diluting the formed emulsion with water, circulating the diluted emulsion, withdrawing a controlled stream of the circulating emulsion, adding a controlled stream of additional dilution water to the withdrawn emulsion stream, and applying the diluted emulsion to a traveling web of paper.

7. In the manufacture of paper, themethod which comprises heating a pitchy binder to maintain the same properly fluid, circulating the fluid binder, forming a water suspension of a colloidal substance such as clay, simulthe water suspension,

streams of the circulating pitchy binder and water suspension, mixing and agitating the withdrawn streams thereof, diluting the formed emulsion with water, screening the diluted emulsion, circulating the diluted screened emulsion, screening the circulating emulsion, withdrawing a controlled stream of the circulating screened emulsion, adding a controlled stream of additional dilution water to the withdrawn emulsion stream, and applying the diluted emulsion to a traveling web of paper.

8. In the manufacture of paper, the method which comprises forming an emulsionof a pitchy binder in a water suspension of a colloidal substance such as clay, withdraw ing'a stream of the formed emulsion, diluting the withdrawn emulsion stream with water, applying the diluted emulsion to a traveling web of paper, controlling the rate of withdrawal of the emulsion stream in accordance to form an emulsion.

with the speed of travel of the web of paper to thereby control the amount of emulsion ingreclients applied to the paper web per unit length, and controlling the amount of dilution Water added to the withdrawn emulsion stream to thereby control the total amount of licauid in the emulsion supplied to the paper in ependently of the amount of emulsion ingredients supplied thereto.

9. In the manufacture of paper, the meth od which comprises circulating at a controlled rate an excess of an emulsion of a pitchy binder in a water suspension of colloidal substances such as clay from a lower receptacle to a receptacle at a higher elevation,'withdrawing a controlled stream of the circulating emulsion from the upper receptacle and returning the excess of the circulating emulsion by gravity to the lower receptacle, adding a controlled stream of dilution water to the withdrawn emulsion stream, supplying the diluted stream of emulsion to a paper forming machine, and applying the diluted emulsion to a traveling web of paper being formed on the paper machine.

10. In the manufacture of paper, the methodwhich comprises circulating at a controlled rate an excess of an emulsion of a vpitchy binder in a Water suspension of colloidal substances such as clay from a lower receptacle to a receptacle at a higher elevation, withdrawing a controlled stream of the circulating emulsion from the upper receptacle and returning the excess of the circulating emulsion by gravity to the lower receptacle, adding a controlled stream of dilution water to the withdrawn emulsion stream, supplying the diluted stream of emulsion to a paper forming machine, applying the diluted emulsion to a traveling web of paper being formed on the paper machine, varying the rate of Withdrawal of the emulsion stream in accordance with the speed of travel of the web of paper to thereby control the amount of emulsion ingredients applied to the paper web per unit length, and varying the rate of addition of dilution water to the withdrawn emulsion stream in accordance with the liquid level of the diluted emulsion in the paper forming machine to thereby control the total amount of liquid in the emulsion supplied to the paper independently of the amount of emulsion ingredients supplied thereto.

11. In paper making apparatus of the character described, a tank adapted to contain a pitchy binder material, heating means for said tank to maintain said pitchy binder in fluid condition, a circulation line for said tank, a head-box within said circulation line, a pump within said line for circulating pitchy binder from said tank to said head box, a second tank adapted. to contain a water suspension of colloidal material such as clay, va circulation line for said second tank,-

a head-box within said circulation line, a pump within said clrculation line for circulating the water suspension from said second ,and proportioned streams of the pitchy binder and the water suspension from their respective head-boxes and for introducing the streams into said emulsion forming tank, means for returning the excess pitchy binder and water suspension supplied to their respective head-boxes to their respective tanks, a paper forming machine, and means for supplying an emulsion from said emulsion forming tank to said paper forming machine.

12. In paper making apparatus of the character described, a tank adapted to contain a pitchy binder material, heating means for said tank to maintain said pitchy binder in a fluid condition, a circulation line for said tank, a head-box Within said circulation line, a pump within said line for circulating pitchy binder from said tank to said head- .box, a second tank adapted to contain a water suspension of colloidal material such as clay, a circulation line for said second tank, a head-box within said circulation line, a pump within said circulation line for circulating the water suspension from said second tank to said head-box, an emulsion forming tank having agitating means therein, a pump for withdrawing a controlled stream of said pitchy binder from its respective headb'ox and for supplying it to said emulsion forming tank, a cooling coil for cooling said pitchy binder prior to its introduction into said emulsion forming tank, a second pump for withdrawing a controlled stream of water suspension from its respective head-box and for introducing it into said emulsion forming tank, synchronized driving means for said two last mentioned pumps, a paper forming machine, and means for supplying an emulsion from said emulsion forming tank to said paper forming machine.

13. In paper making apparatus of the character described, a tank adapted to contain a pitchy binder material, heating means for said tank to maintain said pitchy binder in a fluid condition, a circulation line for said tank, a head-box within said circulation line, a pump within said line for circulating pitchy binder from said tank to said headbox, a second tank adapted to contain a water suspension of colloidal material such as clay, a. circulation line for said second tank, a head-box within said circulation line, a screen within said circulation line, a pump within said circulation line for circulating the water suspension from said second tank to said head-box and for passing it through said screen, an emulsion forming tank having agitating means therein, a pump for withdrawing a controlled stream of said pitchy binder V forming tank, a second pump for withdrawing a controlled stream of water suspension from its. respective head-box and for introduclng it into said emulsion forming tank, a

heating coil for heating the withdrawn stream of water suspension prior to its introduction into said emulsion tank, synchronized driving means for said two last mentionedpumps, a paper forming machine, and means for supplying an emulsion from said emulsion forming tank to said paper forming machine. 1

14. In paper making apparatus of the character described, a tank adapted to contain a pitchy binder material. heating means for said tank to maintain said pitchy binder in a fluid condition, a circulation line for said tank, a head-box within said circulation line,

a pump within said line for circulating pitchy binder from said tank to said head-box, a second tank adapted to contain a water suspension of colloidal material such as clay, a circulation line for said second tank, a head-box within said circulation line, a pump within said circulation line for circulating the water suspension from said second tank to said head-box, an emulsion forming tank having agitating means therein, a pump for withdrawing a controlled stream of pitchy binder from its respective head-box and for introducing the. same" into said emulsion forming tank. a second pump for withdrawing a controlled stream of water suspension from its respective head-box and for intro ducing the same into said emulsion forming tank, a common driving means, a driving interconnection between said common driving means and one of said pumps, a driving interconnection between said onepump and the other of said pumps, whereby said pumps are operated at synchronized speeds, a paper forming machine, and means for supplying an emulsion from said emulsion forming tank to said paper forming machine.

15. In paper making apparatus ofthe char acter described, a tank adapted to contain a pitchy binder material, heating means for said tank to maintain said pitchy binder in a fluid condition, a second tank adapted to contain a water suspension of colloidal material such as clay, an emulsion forming tank having agitating means therein. apump for withdrawing a controlled stream of pitchy binder and for introducing the same into said emulsion forming tank. a secondpump for withdrawing a controlled stream of water suspension and for introducing the same into said emulsion forming tank, a common driving means, a driving interconnection between said common driving means and one of said pumps, a driving interconnection between said one pump and the other of said pumps, change speed mechanism in said first mentioned driving connection whereby the total amounts of pitchy binder and water suspension of colloidal substance may be proportionately varied, change speed mechanism in said second mentioned driving connection whereby the relative amounts of said pitchy binder and water suspension of colloidal substance may be varied to alter the proportions thereof, a paper forming machine, and means for supplying an emulsion from said emulsion forming tank to said paper forming machine.

16. In apparatus of the character described, an emulsion forming tank, agitating means therein, a plurality of thinning tanks, valve controlled connections for selectively connecting said emulsion forming tank with each of said thinning tanks, means for adding dilution liquid to each of said thinning tanks, a pump, valve controlled connections for selectively connecting each of said thinning tanks to the intake of said pump, an emulsion storage tank, a connection from the discharge of said pump to said emulsion storage tan a paper forming machine, and means for supplying emulsion from said emulsion storage tank to said paper forming machine.

17. In apparatus of the character described, and in combination, an emulsion storagetank, a head-box positioned at an elevation above said storage tank, a circulating line from said storage tank to said head-box, a pump within said circulating line for withdrawing emulsion from said storage tank and for supplying the same to said head-box, means for withdrawing a controlled stream of emulsion from said head-box, a gravity feedconnection for returning the excess emulsion supplied to said head-box to said storage tank, a connection for adding a controlled stream of dilution liquid to said withdrawn emulsion. stream, a paper forming machine, and a connection for supplying said diluted emulsion stream to said paper forming machine.

18. In apparatus of the character described, and in combination, an emulsion storage tank, a head-box positioned at an elevation above said storage tank, a circulating line from said storage tank to said head-box,

a pump within said circulating line for withdrawing emulsion from said storage tank and for supplying the same to said head-box,

means for withdrawing a controlled stream emulsion stream, a paper forming machine having a vat, a connection for supplying said diluted emulsion stream to said vat, a rotary roll dipping within the emulsion Within said vat, means for varying the rate of Withdrawal of the emulsion stream from said head-box to thereby vary the quantity of emulsion ingredients supplied to said vat, and means for varying the rate of supply of dilution liquid to said withdrawn emulsion stream to thereby vary the total quantity of liquid supplied to said vat independently of the quantity of emulsion ingredients supplied thereto.

19. In apparatus of the character described, a cylinder forming machine having a plurality of cylinder molds for forming a multiple layer traveling web of paper, a vat positioned intermediate two of said cylinder molds and adapted to contain a waterproofing liquid therein, a rotary roll dipping within the liquid within said vat, means for feeding a stream of waterproofing liquid to said vat, means for adding a dilution liquid to said vat, means for varying the rate of feed of the Waterproofing liquid to said vat to thereby vary the quantity of Waterproofing ingredients supplied to said vat, and means for varying the rate of supply of dilution liquid to said vat tothereby vary the total quantity of liquid supplied thereto independently of the quantity of Waterproofing ingredients supplied thereto.

20. In the manufacture of paper, the method which comprises continuously Withdrawing from bulk supplies controlled and definitely proportioned streams of fluid bitumihous binder and water suspension of a colloidal substance such as clay, admixing these Withdrawn streams at a controlled temperature to form an emulsion, Withdrawing a stream of formed emulsion therefrom, diluting the withdrawn emulsion with water, continuously supplying the diluted emulsion to a paper making machine,

.and independently controlling the rate of supply of the stream of formed emulsion and the rate of supply of the dilution Water.

In testimony whereof I hereto atlix' my signature.

ARTHUR R. HARVEY.

continuously

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