US1848357A - Floor and ceiling member for metal concrete construction - Google Patents
Floor and ceiling member for metal concrete construction Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1848357A US1848357A US367929A US36792929A US1848357A US 1848357 A US1848357 A US 1848357A US 367929 A US367929 A US 367929A US 36792929 A US36792929 A US 36792929A US 1848357 A US1848357 A US 1848357A
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- Prior art keywords
- members
- floor
- construction
- ceiling
- keyways
- Prior art date
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- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
- E04B2/842—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ by projecting or otherwise applying hardenable masses to the exterior of a form leaf
- E04B2/845—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ by projecting or otherwise applying hardenable masses to the exterior of a form leaf the form leaf comprising a wire netting, lattice or the like
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
- E04B5/16—Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
- E04B5/32—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements
- E04B5/36—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements with form units as part of the floor
- E04B5/38—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements with form units as part of the floor with slab-shaped form units acting simultaneously as reinforcement; Form slabs with reinforcements extending laterally outside the element
- E04B5/40—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements with form units as part of the floor with slab-shaped form units acting simultaneously as reinforcement; Form slabs with reinforcements extending laterally outside the element with metal form-slabs
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/38—Connections for building structures in general
- E04B1/61—Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other
- E04B1/6108—Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other the frontal surfaces of the slabs connected together
- E04B1/612—Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other the frontal surfaces of the slabs connected together by means between frontal surfaces
- E04B1/6145—Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other the frontal surfaces of the slabs connected together by means between frontal surfaces with recesses in both frontal surfaces co-operating with an additional connecting element
- E04B1/6158—Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other the frontal surfaces of the slabs connected together by means between frontal surfaces with recesses in both frontal surfaces co-operating with an additional connecting element the connection made by formlocking
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/72—Non-load-bearing walls of elements of relatively thin form with respect to the thickness of the wall
- E04B2/723—Non-load-bearing walls of elements of relatively thin form with respect to the thickness of the wall constituted of gypsum elements
Definitions
- This invention relates to the construction or sheet steel members adapted for. use in building construction and more particularly to an improveddesign of such members designed'for the erection and construction of all kinds of houses and buildings and-espe-- cially for combined ceiling and floor supports.
- This application is a division of my application, Serial No. 295,705, filed July 27 1928, for Building construction.
- VYet another object of this invention is the provision of such construction units provided with improved keyways and key members, the whole being so constructed and arranged as to give at one and the same time a-sub.- stantial and safe construction ofvrelativelyJ light weight which 's particularly useful in constructing buildigs of any height, and Which units are easily handled.'
- a further object of this invention is the provision of a building material which is cheap 'in cost, requires relatively unskilledvmerely byl way of example, for'since the underlying principles may be incorporated ⁇ in other specilic structures it isnot intended to limit the constructions t the forms shown except as such limitations are clearly im- ⁇ members assembled and keyed together to form wall and floor sections, a coating of plastic material being applied to the members to form the surface finish;
- Fig. 2 is a vertical section through a member
- Fig. 3 is a fragmentary vertical section partly' in elevation of a floor' member as shown in Fig. 2 showing the slotted ribs and longitudinal 'stiffening members;-
- Fig. 4 isa detail vertical section showing the method of uniting aplurality of H001' members
- Fig. 5 is a verticalsection oif"aJ modification of struct-ure shown in Fig. 4;
- Figs. 6 and 7 are detailed vertical' sections of key members used in conjunction with the oor members
- the construction shown includes a support 81,in Which'is embedded a channel retaining member 80 provided with luted tongues 82.
- a wall member 60 which in turn is capped by a member 83, provided with a channel portion, 84, to receive ythe top of member 60, the outer surfaces 85 and 86, being expanded or perforated to receive any desired finish.
- a y' Member 85 is backed by an integral, unexpanded metal skirt 85a adapted to contact with the solid plasticmass 83a, and to prevent moisture from reaching the mass by conductionjor capillary action from the outside stucco coat on member 85.
- This construction renders the joints .of the building substantially water-proof, which feature is also found in the pre-cast p slabs shown my application above referred to, where the grid sections vare joined by securing means. already de scribed, the solid unexpanded portions pre- -venting the transferv of moisture from one f face to the other dueto their impermeability.
- a l tures is built over a flooring member as shown in Fig. 2.
- This member comprises a bottom expanded or perforated grid portion 100 adapted to serve as a ceiling, integral end portions 101 provided with reentrant cylindrical portions 102, adapted to serve as keyways for the key members disclosed in Figs. 4 and 5.
- Figs. 6 and 7 are shown cores adapted to join the-flooring members by serving as keys which can be filled With concrete or other structural material and thereby made inte al with the fioor in general, thus permittmg the use of deeper concrete beam sections, providing added strength for heavier fioor loads.
- Figs. 8-9 and 10-11 there are shown various modifications of the flooring support.
- the member shown in Fig. 8 is provided vvith reentrant arcuate portions 104@ surrounding the keyways.
- This construction permits the more perfect arching of the structure adapting it to a heavier iioor construction system by shortening the arch span and increasing the concrete beam section width as well as introducing a greater amount of steel for reinforcing purposes.
- the combination of the abutting keyways of this modification introduces an additional arch in the bottom portion of the beam section, thus providingadditional structural strength.
- Figs. 10 and 11 For bridge flooring or other heavy live load requirements, the structure shown in Figs. 10 and 11 is comparable to that just described.
- the characteristic feature of this construction is the combination of a centrally supported arch, locked by the key system already described, With an integral, keystoneshaped beam section. This results in a deeper beam section, as the bottom of the beam 108 is positioned substantially adjacent to the ceiling grid 100.
- the keyways are formed as reentrant portions of the vertical stiifening members 112. l
- the construction units herein described are readily formed from sheet metal of any suitable gauge and .can be rolled or otherwise fabricated with a minimum of trouble and expense. In assembling, the units can be put together by unskilled labor, the partsbeing so formed and lso constituted as to preclude any misplacement of the several units.
- the only skilled labor required in constructing a house, garage or other structure is that of the plasterer for applying the finish coating of stucco or other material to the grid members. While the ordinary coating materials have been described it will be readily understood that gunite oraather plastic or cement mixes may be applied in any desired manner. Where the pre-cast monolithic units are used, the necessity for skilled labor is reduced to an absolute minimum While at the same time assuring optimum results both in speed of construction as Well as in durability of the finished edifice.
- a ceiling unit of the class described including an arcuate section of metal, said section having peripheral flanges fixedly' associated therewith and reentrant portions disposed longitudinally of said flanges.
- a combination ceiling and hoor unit of the class described including an arcuate floor supporting section, an integral ceiling section of flat foraminous construction subjacent to said arcuate section, and keyways ⁇ connecting said sections and adapted to form lateral supports for the assembly.
- a combination ceiling and oor unit of the class described including an arcuate lloor supporting section, an integral ceiling section of flat foraminous construction subjacent the arcuate section, and keyways integral with and disposed between the edges of lsaid arcuate and oraminous sections, thereby constituting a unitary selfsupporting structure.
- An improved ceiling-and oor construction including, in combination a plurality of ceilingand .floor units juxtaposed in operative position, said units including integral arcuate ioor sections and subjacent foraminous ceiling vsections together with integral keyways disposed therebetween; securing members disposed in the keyways of abuttin units in locking relationship thereto, kan hardenable plastic coatings disposed on the said arcuate and foraminous sections.
- An improved ceiling and floor construction includin in combination, a plurality of ceiling and oor units and their associ-l ated hardenable plastic coatings; said units including arcuate floor sections, subja'cent ceiling sections and intermediate integral keyways forming rigid lateral supports for the units; successivepunits being so juxtaposed as to abut the respective keyways; expansible key members in said keyways, said vkeyways being formed at varying helghts with respect to the floor units to provide spaces of varying ⁇ depth in the floor units for the retention of increased amounts of coating material.
- An improved monolithic floor construction of theA class described including, in combination, a plurality of selfstifening arcuate floor members, keyways in the floor members in juxtaposition to leach other., keys in abutting members whereby to-lock theminto 'good mechanical relationship, and unitary coating of oncrete overlying the juxtaposed door memers.
- An improved ceiling and licor unit for monolithic structures includingv a foraminous base portion, keyways super-posed on the monolithic structures, including a liat base portion, upwardly extending integral stiifenand reentrant arcuate top portions integral with the sides and rovided with a beam section positioned suli base.
- An improved monolithic oor construction including, in combination, a lurality of units as set forth in claim 10, juxtaposed with their keyways in abutting relation, keys in the keyways whereby to lock the units together, and a monolithic lling material disposed on the said units and forming beam sections with intermediate thinner Hoor sections having metallic support by the stiifening side members of the several units. 12.
- An improved brid the type described inclu ing a base ortion, vertically disposed stifr'ening memlliers secured to the sides of the base, keyways intermediate 'said stiiening members and formed integral therewith, arcuate top portions integral with said stilening members and with each other, said arcuate portions being provided with reentrant sections and a fiat intermediate section adjacent the base to form a beam section of substantial depth.
Description
March 8, 1932. G. F. vKOTRBATY ,848,357
FLOOR AND CEILING MEMBER FOR METAL CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION Original' Filed July 27, 1928 A5 Sheets-Sheet l I y @3M/71's www@ March 8, l932 c;A F. KoTRBATY 1,848,357
FLOOR AND CEILING MEMBER FOR METAL CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION original Filed July 27, 192e s sheetslsheet 2 March 8, 192112.` y y G. F. KOTRBATY 1,848,357
FLOOR AND CEILING MEMBER FOR METAL CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION Original Filed July 27, 1928 3 Sheets- Sheet 3 61N F. #arms/Wy fr @fito/M4013 i Patented Mar. 8, 1932 UNITED STATES PATENT" OFFIC GUY' F. xoTnBATY.' or NEW` xonx, N. Y.
FLOOR AND @CEILING MEMBER. non METAL coNcRJETE CONSTRUCTION Original application filed July 27, 1928, Serial No. 295,705. Divided and this application led June 3,
1929. I Serial No.- 367,929.
This invention relates to the construction or sheet steel members adapted for. use in building construction and more particularly to an improveddesign of such members designed'for the erection and construction of all kinds of houses and buildings and-espe-- cially for combined ceiling and floor supports. I p This application is a division of my application, Serial No. 295,705, filed July 27 1928, for Building construction.
It is an object of this invention to provide an expanded steel construction unit provided with ystifl'ening ribs and integral keywaysand therinvention also comprehends a novel design of key members tocooperate with the keyways.
VYet another object of this invention is the provision of such construction units provided with improved keyways and key members, the whole being so constructed and arranged as to give at one and the same time a-sub.- stantial and safe construction ofvrelativelyJ light weight which 's particularly useful in constructing buildigs of any height, and Which units are easily handled.'
A further object of this invention is the provision of a building material which is cheap 'in cost, requires relatively unskilledvmerely byl way of example, for'since the underlying principles may be incorporated` in other specilic structures it isnot intended to limit the constructions t the forms shown except as such limitations are clearly im- `members assembled and keyed together to form wall and floor sections, a coating of plastic material being applied to the members to form the surface finish;
Fig. 2 is a vertical section through a member; y
Fig. 3 is a fragmentary vertical section partly' in elevation of a floor' member as shown in Fig. 2 showing the slotted ribs and longitudinal 'stiffening members;-
Fig. 4 isa detail vertical section showing the method of uniting aplurality of H001' members;
Fig. 5 is a verticalsection oif"aJ modification of struct-ure shown in Fig. 4;
Figs. 6 and 7 are detailed vertical' sections of key members used in conjunction with the oor members;
floor Figs. 8 to l1 aremodiications of the structure shown in Figs. 3 to `5.
detail of portion of a co pleted building showing the relation of the wall members and supports to the combination ceiling and floor members Vand to the walls of the upper floors.
The construction shown includes a support 81,in Which'is embedded a channel retaining member 80 provided with luted tongues 82.
' vFitted into the channel is a wall member 60, which in turn is capped by a member 83, provided with a channel portion, 84, to receive ythe top of member 60, the outer surfaces 85 and 86, being expanded or perforated to receive any desired finish. A y' Member 85 is backed by an integral, unexpanded metal skirt 85a adapted to contact with the solid plasticmass 83a, and to prevent moisture from reaching the mass by conductionjor capillary action from the outside stucco coat on member 85. This construction renders the joints .of the building substantially water-proof, which feature is also found in the pre-cast p slabs shown my application above referred to, where the grid sections vare joined by securing means. already de scribed, the solid unexpanded portions pre- -venting the transferv of moisture from one f face to the other dueto their impermeability.
Superposed upon lthe members 83, are floor members 90, upon which, in turn, further pedestals or supports 80 may -be placed. The fiooring lOOa for the completed struc- Ref-erring now to Fig. 1 there is shown a l tures is built over a flooring member as shown in Fig. 2. This member comprises a bottom expanded or perforated grid portion 100 adapted to serve as a ceiling, integral end portions 101 provided with reentrant cylindrical portions 102, adapted to serve as keyways for the key members disclosed in Figs. 4 and 5. The member shown in Figs. 2 and 3 is provided further with an integral arch portion comprising horizontal slotted rib portions 103, and longitudinal stifi'ening members 104, traversing the members103, at right angles as shown. The ends of the sheet metal structure are'joined at the crown in any suitable manner as shown at 105. It Will thus be seen that a flooring member has been provided which is so designed as to have ka maximum compression resistance together with an under surface adapted to receive a finishing coating of stucco or plaster. These members are adapted tobe juxtaposed in any desired number and locked to ether as shown in Figs. 4, 5, 9 and 11 by the rey members previously disclosed. These key members comceiling members. When the members are` properly assembled, concrete or other monolithic structural material is cast over them to a suitable depth, the result being a monolithic structure having a maximum of strength, yet comprising a minimum of a metallic support together with a minimum amount of the concrete or other material.
In Figs. 6 and 7 are shown cores adapted to join the-flooring members by serving as keys which can be filled With concrete or other structural material and thereby made inte al with the fioor in general, thus permittmg the use of deeper concrete beam sections, providing added strength for heavier fioor loads.
In Figs. 8-9 and 10-11 there are shown various modifications of the flooring support. The member shown in Fig. 8 is provided vvith reentrant arcuate portions 104@ surrounding the keyways. This construction permits the more perfect arching of the structure adapting it to a heavier iioor construction system by shortening the arch span and increasing the concrete beam section width as well as introducing a greater amount of steel for reinforcing purposes. In addition it is to be noted that the combination of the abutting keyways of this modification introduces an additional arch in the bottom portion of the beam section, thus providingadditional structural strength.
For bridge flooring or other heavy live load requirements, the structure shown in Figs. 10 and 11 is comparable to that just described. The characteristic feature of this construction is the combination of a centrally supported arch, locked by the key system already described, With an integral, keystoneshaped beam section. This results in a deeper beam section, as the bottom of the beam 108 is positioned substantially adjacent to the ceiling grid 100. The keyways are formed as reentrant portions of the vertical stiifening members 112. l
The construction units herein described are readily formed from sheet metal of any suitable gauge and .can be rolled or otherwise fabricated with a minimum of trouble and expense. In assembling, the units can be put together by unskilled labor, the partsbeing so formed and lso constituted as to preclude any misplacement of the several units. The only skilled labor required in constructing a house, garage or other structure is that of the plasterer for applying the finish coating of stucco or other material to the grid members. While the ordinary coating materials have been described it will be readily understood that gunite oraather plastic or cement mixes may be applied in any desired manner. Where the pre-cast monolithic units are used, the necessity for skilled labor is reduced to an absolute minimum While at the same time assuring optimum results both in speed of construction as Well as in durability of the finished edifice.
While the improved combination floor and ceiling members have been shown as made of a single piece of metal, the abutting ends of a finished unit being suitably secured as by crimping, as shown at 105 in Fig. 2, it will, of course, be understood that the several arcuate and flat sections and the keyways may be fabricated separately and joined together in any desired manner as by gas or electric welding, brazing, and/or crimping. The resultant structures are mechanically equivalent to those previously described, and permit marked economies in manufacture due tosthe elimination of-costly dies and the annealing stepsrequired in the fabrication of unitary shapes of the type described.
' What is claimed is:
1. A ceiling unit of the class described, including an arcuate section of metal, said section having peripheral flanges fixedly' associated therewith and reentrant portions disposed longitudinally of said flanges.
2. 'A ceiling unit of the class described,
including a foraminous fiat section, a superposed arcuate section, integral peripheral and longitudinal fianges on said arcuate por-l posed'between the solid portion and the foraminous section, andA integral angularly disposed ribs on the arcuate section. v
4. A combination ceiling and hoor unit of the class described, including an arcuate floor supporting section, an integral ceiling section of flat foraminous construction subjacent to said arcuate section, and keyways` connecting said sections and adapted to form lateral supports for the assembly.
5. A combination ceiling and oor unit of the class described, including an arcuate lloor supporting section, an integral ceiling section of flat foraminous construction subjacent the arcuate section, and keyways integral with and disposed between the edges of lsaid arcuate and oraminous sections, thereby constituting a unitary selfsupporting structure.
-6. An improved ceiling-and oor construction, including, in combination a plurality of ceilingand .floor units juxtaposed in operative position, said units including integral arcuate ioor sections and subjacent foraminous ceiling vsections together with integral keyways disposed therebetween; securing members disposed in the keyways of abuttin units in locking relationship thereto, kan hardenable plastic coatings disposed on the said arcuate and foraminous sections.
7. An improved ceiling and floor construction, includin in combination, a plurality of ceiling and oor units and their associ-l ated hardenable plastic coatings; said units including arcuate floor sections, subja'cent ceiling sections and intermediate integral keyways forming rigid lateral supports for the units; successivepunits being so juxtaposed as to abut the respective keyways; expansible key members in said keyways, said vkeyways being formed at varying helghts with respect to the floor units to provide spaces of varying `depth in the floor units for the retention of increased amounts of coating material.
l8. An improved monolithic floor construction of theA class described, including, in combination, a plurality of selfstifening arcuate floor members, keyways in the floor members in juxtaposition to leach other., keys in abutting members whereby to-lock theminto 'good mechanical relationship, and unitary coating of oncrete overlying the juxtaposed door memers.
9. An improved ceiling and licor unit for monolithic structures, includingv a foraminous base portion, keyways super-posed on the monolithic structures, including a liat base portion, upwardly extending integral stiifenand reentrant arcuate top portions integral with the sides and rovided with a beam section positioned suli base.
11. An improved monolithic oor construction, including, in combination, a lurality of units as set forth in claim 10, juxtaposed with their keyways in abutting relation, keys in the keyways whereby to lock the units together, and a monolithic lling material disposed on the said units and forming beam sections with intermediate thinner Hoor sections having metallic support by the stiifening side members of the several units. 12. An improved brid the type described, inclu ing a base ortion, vertically disposed stifr'ening memlliers secured to the sides of the base, keyways intermediate 'said stiiening members and formed integral therewith, arcuate top portions integral with said stilening members and with each other, said arcuate portions being provided with reentrant sections and a fiat intermediate section adjacent the base to form a beam section of substantial depth.
In witness whereof I aiiix my signature.
GUY F. KOTRBATY.
mg side members, keyways in said members, A
stantially adjacent said flooring unit of l y los edges of the base and integral therewith; and` an arcuate licor supporting portion disposed .between said keywayxs and having its bottom edges integral t erewith and adjacent said base, said keyways forming rigid lateral supports for the unit.
10. An improved ceiling and door unit for lmi "iso
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US367929A US1848357A (en) | 1928-07-27 | 1929-06-03 | Floor and ceiling member for metal concrete construction |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US295705A US1877898A (en) | 1928-07-27 | 1928-07-27 | Building construction |
| US367929A US1848357A (en) | 1928-07-27 | 1929-06-03 | Floor and ceiling member for metal concrete construction |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US1848357A true US1848357A (en) | 1932-03-08 |
Family
ID=26969272
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US367929A Expired - Lifetime US1848357A (en) | 1928-07-27 | 1929-06-03 | Floor and ceiling member for metal concrete construction |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US1848357A (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3818660A (en) * | 1972-11-01 | 1974-06-25 | Forest City Dillon | Building formed of cast vertical and horizontal members |
| US4365451A (en) * | 1980-01-08 | 1982-12-28 | Nelson Lynn S | Poured adobe building construction and method of forming same |
| US20070011979A1 (en) * | 2005-06-22 | 2007-01-18 | O'connor Daniel | Stacking masonry block system with locking starter device |
| US20100043335A1 (en) * | 2005-06-22 | 2010-02-25 | O'connor Daniel | Stacking masonry block system with transition block and utility groove running therethrough |
| US8997422B1 (en) * | 2014-04-24 | 2015-04-07 | Daniel Kim | Building construction formed of prefab concrete forms |
| US20150275531A1 (en) * | 2012-09-17 | 2015-10-01 | Eleven Solutions Rfe S.A. De C.V. | Modular, multiperforated permanent formwork or centering construction system for reinforced concrete |
-
1929
- 1929-06-03 US US367929A patent/US1848357A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3818660A (en) * | 1972-11-01 | 1974-06-25 | Forest City Dillon | Building formed of cast vertical and horizontal members |
| US4365451A (en) * | 1980-01-08 | 1982-12-28 | Nelson Lynn S | Poured adobe building construction and method of forming same |
| US20070011979A1 (en) * | 2005-06-22 | 2007-01-18 | O'connor Daniel | Stacking masonry block system with locking starter device |
| US7610730B2 (en) | 2005-06-22 | 2009-11-03 | O'connor Daniel | Stacking masonry block system with locking starter device |
| US20100043335A1 (en) * | 2005-06-22 | 2010-02-25 | O'connor Daniel | Stacking masonry block system with transition block and utility groove running therethrough |
| US8800230B2 (en) | 2005-06-22 | 2014-08-12 | Daniel O'Connor | Stacking masonry block system with transition block and utility groove running therethrough |
| US20150275531A1 (en) * | 2012-09-17 | 2015-10-01 | Eleven Solutions Rfe S.A. De C.V. | Modular, multiperforated permanent formwork or centering construction system for reinforced concrete |
| US9850658B2 (en) * | 2012-09-17 | 2017-12-26 | Eleven Solutions Rfe S.A. De C.V. | Modular, multiperforated permanent formwork construction system for reinforced concrete |
| US8997422B1 (en) * | 2014-04-24 | 2015-04-07 | Daniel Kim | Building construction formed of prefab concrete forms |
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