US1844326A - Shock absorber - Google Patents

Description

Feb, 9, 1932. E L, LEINBACH 1,844,326

SHOCK ABSORBER 'Filed Sept. l2, 1928 2 SheetS-Sheet 1 Fel). -95 1932. E. l.. LEINBACH SHOCK ABSORBER Filed Sept. l2, 1928 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 06 Ztl-75.1.75

Patented Feb. 9, 1932 UNITED STATES PATENT ortica EDWARD L, LEINBACH7 0F CHICAGO, ILLINOIS; GLADYS LEINBILCH EXECU'IRIX OF SAID EDWARD L. LEINBACH, DECEAS'ED SHOCK ABSORBER Application filed September 12, 1928. Serial No. 305,427.

This invention relates to improvements in shock absorbers of the hydraulic type and one ci the objects ot the invention is to improve and simplify the construction and ma terially reduce the cost of manufacture thereof and at the same time produce a compact device ot this character which will be effective and eiiicient in operation.

.A further object is to provide a device of this character embodying cylinder and piston members, the pistons remaining stationary While the cylinders are oscillatable with respect thereto.

Another object is to provide in a device of this character valve mechanism which may be constructed as a 'unitary element readily removable and iiitercliangeable so that the same device .may be converted or changed to meet the existing or required conditions.

A lurther object is to provide an improved device of this character in which access may be readily had to the internal mechanism and at the same time the parts will be so consti-noted and assembled that a `luid tight device will be produced.

To the attainment of these ends and the acomplishmi-ent of other new and useful ob "ects s will appear, the invention consists in the teaturesr; ot iimelty in substantially the constructiom combination and arrangement et' the several parts hereinafter more Yl'ully described and claimed and shown in 'the accompanying drawings illustrating' this involition, and in which Figure 1 is a top plan view oi a shock absorber oi this character constructed in ac cordnuce with the principles ot this invention.

Figure 2 a side elevation ot Figure l., with parts broken away and parts in section.

llligure 3 is a view similar to Figure 2, with par omitted and with parts removed.

Figure l is an elevation oit one of the body members of the shock absorber.

Figure 5 an elevation of the other body member.

Figure 6 is a vertical sectional View taken on line 66, Figure 2.

Figure 7 is an elevation of the piston member.

Figure 8 is a detail horizontal sectional View taken on line 8MS, Figure 6.

Figure 9 is an elevation of the valve element.

liigure 10 is an elevation oi' a detail of the valve construction.

Referring more particularly to the draw ings the numeral designates a body mein* ber which may be formed of any suitable ma terial and in any suitable manner so as to provide an annular chamber 16 therein and opening through one side thereof and preterably seinirircular in cross section.

The other body member 17 is also shaped to provide an annular Vchamber 18 opening through one 'face thereof and send-circular in cross section. A portion of the inner wall of the chamber 18 is cut away as at 19 'for a purpose hereinafter described.

Within the chamber 1G is arranged a bearing member 20 which is formed of any suitable material and is secured in position in any suitable manner so as to extend across the chamber. The upper edge of the member 20 preferably terminates short of the upper edge ot' the walls of the chamber 16 and is preferably recessed or cut away as at Q1, for a purpose to be set forth.

The members 15 and 17 are placed together with the open sides of the chambers 16 and 18 together so as to Yform an entirely closed and continuous cylinder divided into two piston chambers by the bearino' Q0. The peripheral diameter of the member 17 is preferably less than the peripheral diameter of the member l5 so that when the two members 15 and 17 are placed together, the edge oii' the Wall oit' the member 17 will engage and rest against a circumferential shoulder 22 in the member 15.

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A cap 23 engages over the member 17 and also over the periphery or' the member 15 and the cap is removably secured in position in any suitable manner, preferably by means of threads r24.

The cap 23 co-operating with the members 15 and 17, forms a reservoir or oil supply chamber 25 and this chamber has communication with the piston cylinders formed by the chambers 16 and 18, by means of a suitable opening 26 in the wall of the chamber 18 so that liquid will flow fromk the'reservoir chamber into the piston cylinders.

Arranged .within the cylinder :tormedby the' chambers 16 and 18 is a piston member 27'/ of a semi-circular configuration having pistons 28-29 connected with the ends thereof, one of the pistons operating in each of the piston cylinders on opposite sides of the partition 20. This piston member 27 has connected with it an arm 30 which is preferably integral with the piston element and passes through the opening 19 in the body member and is secured by one end preferably through the medium of an angular slot 31', to a bearing member 32, the latter being provided with an angular shaped portion 33 adapted to fit within the slot 31. A fastening device 34 and washer 35 are provided for securing the member 32 and the arm 30 against separation.

` The body portion 15 is provided with kan opening` 33 therein through which the bearing member 32 passes and about which member 32 the bodymember 15 together with the body member 18 and the cap 23 are Vadapted to be oscillated.

This bearing member 32 is secured or anchored'to a iiXed support 36 by means of a suitable anchoring devicel 37, and packing 38 may be provided to form a iuid tight joint between the member 15 and the bearing member 32.

The body members 15-17 and cap 23 are adapted to be oscillatedin any suitable manner. such as by means of an arm 39 connected in any suitable manner with one of the body members and when the body members are thus oscillated the pistons 27-28-29 l are held stationary.

One of the pistons 28-29 is located on each side of the bearing memberv 20 and inter` posed between the pistons is a valve element designated generally by the reference numeral 40 in Figure 9. This element 40 is of an external diameter only slightlyfgreater than the internal diameter of the chambers 16 and 18 in the members 15V and 17. The ends 41 of the valve elementare preferably tapered or otherwise formed to provide sharp edges 42, and the body portion intermediate the sharp edges are reduced as at 43 to form a space into which the'bearing member 20 Vprojects so as toV maintain the valve element against displacement lengthwise of the cylinders. The valve element 40 is placed in position by causing the edges 42 thereof to stand astride of the bearing member 20 and when the body member 17 is placed in position with respect to the body member 15 and the cover 23 adjusted upon the body member 15, the cover member 20 will cause the sharp edges 42 of the valve element 40 to cut into or be embedded in the walls of the chambers 16 and 18 and thereby form fluid tight joints between the periphery of the valve element 40, and the walls of the chambers 16 and 18.-

The element 40 is hollow and .arranged ytherein is a tubular member 44, the eXtremities 45 of ,which are provided with external ,threads7 grooves or the like. VThe external diameter ofthe portion of the element 44 intermediate the threads 45 is such that when the element 44 is placed thereinto there will be formed a tight fit, the threads, or grooves 45 forming a tortuous passage for the liquid, in a manner to behereinafter set forth.

vrA groove -46 provided in the element 44 to form communication.between the threaded portions 45 and an opening 47 is also provided in the element 44 intermediateV the threaded portions 45. The valve element 40 is provided with an opening 48 in the reduced portion 43 thereof so as to form communication between the chambers 16 and 18 and the interior of the element 44 through the medium of the groovesV 45 and 46 and the opening 48.r The element 44 is tubular and members 49-50 having openings 51--52 respectively therein form closures for the ends thereof. Arranged within the element 44 are bodily movable valve chamber members 53-54 having openings 55-56 respectively in the bottoms thereof,prefera ly and respectively in alinement with the openings 51-52. These `chamber members 53-54 serve as safety valves, in a manner to be set forth..

A sn1nfr'57 is interposed between the valve l o i i chamber members 53 land 54 and tends to hold the valve chamber members 53'and 54 against the respective end members 49 and 50.

Y Ball valves 58-59 are respectively providedin the chambers 53 and 54 .and are adapted'to close the respective openings 55 and 56. but are prevented from closing the respective openings 51 and 52 preferably by means of projections 53a and 54a so that the structure'thus formed will constitute a one way valve. lVhen pressure is exerted upon the liquid on one side of the valve element, the valve 58 will immediately close the opening 55.

YThe liquid will then be forced between the threads 45 on one end of the member 44, groove 46 and between the threads on the other end ofthe member 44, and the'low ofthe liquid will be restricted through such 'a tortuous passage. T/Vhen, however, an abnormal pressure is exerted upon the liquid and as the liquid cannot flow through such tortuous iso cess pressure, the pressure of the liquid upon the valve 58 will cause the chamber or relief valve to be unseated and the liquid will then 'liow around the outside of the chamber or valve 53 and then through the opening` 55 in the other valve chamber 54, thence through the opening' 5i?) to the other or suction side of the piston cl'iamber. lVhen the pressure upon the liquid is reduced to an extent that it will be overcome by the pressure or the sprin 57, the vulve chamber 53 will be automatically seated and the liquid will l'low only through the rcsiriciied tortuous passage.

lis soon as the direction oit' movement of the body portion of the shock absorber is reversed the liquid will flow in the opposite di rection and the other valves oil and 5S) will operate in the saine manner as the valves 5S and 53. Thus it will be seen that as the pistons QS--QQ are held stationary and as the body of the shock absorber is rocked back and forth, pressure and suction will be alternately exerted upon opposite sides or the valve element Zl0 to control the valves 58--59 and the valve chambers 523-54, which latter also act as valves.

rlhe opening; 26 in the wall ot' the chamber i8 in the member 17 is provided for the purpose oili supplying' liquid to the suction side to compensate the loss of any liquid occesioned by seepage at any point in the device and it will be noted that such opening 526 is arrane'ed opposite the reduced portion i3 ot the valve element l0 and also has communiczdion with the opening* Ll? in the valve member Llll- The liquid will 'How through these openings by reason of the suction created upon the liquid by the suction in the l nder. The grooves or threads Il?) are provided so as to produce an extended tortuous and restricted passage lter the liquid beinnj lorcod from one side olf the valve element -illto the other side while the liquid is being ronuiressed, and thereby control the resistance pressure of" the liquid to the action of the oscillatable cylinder and stationary iiston members QSMQQ.

The cylinder and piston chambers en d the piston elen'ient S27 are curved and are formi-id on radii described about a common center, and by reason of such arrangement a compact structure will be produced. @ne piston will 'lorce the liquid from its piston chamber to the other piston chamber, the suction created by the said other piston in its piston chamber operates to leep the latter piston chamber filled with liquid.

lliith tl'iis improved construction it will be manifest that an extremely simple, cheap and compact device will be produced, and the parts of the cylinder may be termed of stamp inns. rlhe valve element l() may be bodily rei-.iorer'l 'when desired and interchanged with another similar valve element. ln order to accomplish this latter result it is only necessary to remove the cover 23 vfrom the body member 15, after which the body member 17 may be lifted out of position s-o that access may be had to the element Ll0. This element may be then removed in any suitable manner and replaced by another similar element.

The sharp edges 42 of the element l() are pressed or forced into the walls of the chambers 1G and l8 by forcing the cap 23 in position. A iill opening 6() havinga suitable closure (not shown) may be provided as a means whereby liquid may be introduced into the cylinder formed by the chambers 16 and 18. Furthermore, with this improved construction a shock absorber will be produced which will be comparatively thin in cross section, thereby necessitatingI a minimum amount of space Jfor installation.

`While the preferred form of the invention has been herein shown and described, it is to be understood that various changes may be made in the details of construction, and in the combination and arrangement ot the various parts, within the scope of: the claims, without departing from the spirit of the invention.

l/Vhat is claimed as new is:

l. A shock absorber embodying a divided cylinder formed of two opposed members having complementary annular recesses cooperating' to form a cylinder, means securing the members together, a piston operable in the cylinder, and means whereby a relative movement may be imparted to the cylinder and piston element.

2. A shock absorber embodying a divided cylinder lormed of opposed members having complementary annular recesses cooperating` to form a cylinder, means for securing the members together, a piston element, and spaced pistons connected with said element and operable in said cylinder, said cylinder and said piston element being lormed on radii described from a common center.

3. A shock absorber embodyino,` a divided cylinder formed of opposed members having complementary annular recesses cooperating to form a cylinder, means for securing the members together, means dividing; the cylinder into two piston chambers and forming' a valved communicating passage between the chambers, and a piston element, the ends of said `element constituting pistons operable in the respective piston chambers, said chambers and said piston element beingI formed on curves described from a common center.

4. A shock absorber embodyinnv a divided cylinder formed of opposed members having complementary annular recesses cooperating to form a cylinder, means ttor members together, means dividingthe cylinder into two piston chambers and forming' a valved con'miunicatingi` passapje between the chanibers, a piston element, the ends oi? said element constituting pistons operable in the securingl the respective piston chambers, said chambers and said piston element being formed on curves described from a common center, means for anchoring the piston element, and means for oscillating the cylinder about the said cent-er. Y

5. A shock absorber embodyingv a cylinder formed of two opposed members having curved endless complementary recesses cooperating to form a cylinder, means securing the members together, a curved piston element, the ends of said elementconstituting spaced pistons operating in opposition to each other in said cylinder, and means for imparting a relative oscillatory movement to the cylinder and pistons, the said recesses and the said piston element being curved and formed on radii described from a common center.

6. An hydraulic shock absorber embodying a divided cylinder formed of two members each having an endless recess therein opening through one tace thereof, means securing the members together with the open sides of the recesses coinciding to form a continuous and closed cylinder, a piston yelement operable in the cylinder, and means-for imparting a relative movement to the cylinder and pist-on one with relation to the other.

7. An hydraulic shock absorber embodying a cylinder formed of separate members having chambers provided with laterally open faces whereby when said members are placed together said chambers will form a piston chamber, a cover member, said cover member cooperating with one of the vfirst said members for securing the parts together and also forming with one of the members a reservoir chamber, a piston in the piston cylinder, means for relatively moving the piston and cylinder, there being a communicating passage between the reservoir and piston cylinders, and valve mechanism for controlling said passage,

8. An hydraulic shock absorber'embodying a pair oft cylinders arranged end to end, there being` a communicating passage between the cylinders, valve mechanism for controlling said passage, a piston member, the ends of said member constituting pistons movable in the respective cylinders, means tor imparting a relative oscillatory movement to the pistons and cylinders, said valve mechanism embodying a casing and internal valve mechanism and adapted to be removed as a unitary element from said cylinder, and means whereby access may be had to said valve element to remove the same.

9. An hydraulic shock absorber embodying a pair of cylinders arranged end to end, there being a communicating passage between the cylinders, valve mechanism for controlling said passage, a piston member, the ends of said member constituting pistons movable in the respective cylinders, means for imparting arelative oscillatory movement to the pistons and cylinders, said valve mechanism embodying a casing and internal valve mechanism, said casing and valve mechanism adapted to be removed as a unitary element from said cylinder, said cylinders embodying separable members, and a cap member cooperating with one of the cylinder members for securing the cylinder members together, said cap member being removable to permit access to the said valve element.

10. An hydraulic shock absorber embodying a pair of cyl'inders arranged end to end,

there being a communicating passage between theV cylinders, valve mechanism for controlling said passage, a piston member, the ends ot said member constituting pistons movable in the respective cylinders` means for imparting a relative oscillatory movement to the pistons and cylinders, said valve mechanism embodyinga casing and internal valve mechanism, said casing and valve mechanism adapted to be removed as a unitary element from said cylinder, means for maintaining said valve mechanism from bodily movement as a unit lengthwise of the cylinder, and means whereby access may be had to said valve element to remove the same.

1l. An hydraulic shock absorber embodying cylinder members having annular open recesses therein adapted to be placed face to face to form a cylinder, a unitary valve device insertable and removable from said cylinderand extending thereacross to divide the cylinder into two piston chambers, said valve device embodying a. casing having` a passage therethrough anda valve device for controlling the passage, pistons operable 1n the respective piston chambers and on opposite sides of said valve device, means securing the cylinder members together for separation, and means for imparting relative oscillatory movement to the cylinders and pistons. y l2. An hydraulic shoclr absorber embodying cylinder members having annular open recesses therein adapted to be placed face to face to form a cylinder, a unitary valve device insertable and removable from said cylinder andextending thereacross to divide the cylinder into two piston chambers, said valve device embodying a casing having` a passage therethrough and a valve device for controlling the passage, pistons operable in the respective piston chambers and on opposite sides of said valve device, a cover member operating to secure the cylinder members together tor separation, said cover member constituting a. portion oi a reservoir chamber, there being` a communication between the reservoir chamber and said piston chambers, and means for imparting relative oscillatory lIornovements to the pistons and piston chamers.

An hydraulic shock absorber embodying two members each having an annular recess opening through one tace thereof, said members adapted to be placed lace to face to causo said recesses to cooperate to form a cylinder, means sepafably securing said members together, a valve device embodying as a unitary structure a casing having a valved passage therethrough, said valve device being removably secured in the cylinder and extending thereacross, and a piston member in the cylinder, the end of the piston member forming pistons operable in the cylinder on opposite sides oi said valve device, the piston and cylinder elements being one anchored to a lined support and the other being iroely oscillatable.

li. in hydraulic shoclr absorber embodying two members each having an annular cess opening 'through one it ce thereo'l', said nieinbcrs adapted to be placed lace to iface to ci use said recesses to cooperate to iform a cylinder, means separably securing said members together, a valve device embodying as a unitary structure a. casing having a valved passage therethrough, said valve device bein removably secured in the cylinder and extending` thereacross, a piston memberI in the cylinder, the end of the piston member orming pistons operable in the cylinder on opposite sides or said valve device, the piston and cylinder elements being one anchored to a lined support and the other being relatively oscillatable, a reservoir chamber, and a communication between the reservoir chamber and the said cylinder' on opposite sides ot the said valve device.

l5. in hydraulic shock absorber' embodyf j two members each having a recess openl' through one tace thereoit and adapted to be placed together to cause the recesses to cooperate torni a cylinder, a cover mehr ber removably engaging one of the iirst said members ttor securing the parts together, a valve element embodying a casing and valve mechanism therein, said element being insertable into the casing and removable therefrom as a unitary structure and intending across the cylinder, a piston elem ent operable in the cylinder, the ends of said piston element operating on opposite sides of said valve element, ineans ior anchoring the piston elem-ent and means iler oscillating said cylinder with respect to the piston element.

lli. A hydraulic shock absorber embodyingl two members each having a recess openii g through one lace thereof and adapted to be placed together to cause the recesses to cooperate to lorm a cylinder, a cover member removably engaging one of the first said members i'or securing the parts together, a valve element embodying a casing and valve mechanism therein, said element being insertable into the casing and removable therefrom as a unitary structure and extending across the cylinder, a piston element operable in the cylinder, the ends of said piston element operating on opposite sides of said valve element, an arm connected with the piston element and extending through a slot in the wall of said cylinder, and means for anchoring said arm, the said cylinder being ifreely oscillatable with respect to the said piston element.

l'i'. An hydraulic shock absorber embodying two cylinder members each having a r icess therein opening through one face thereof and adapted to be placed together to canse the recesses to form a cylinder, a valve element embodying as a unitary structure a body portion and a valved passage therethrough, said element being insertable into and removable from the cylinder member as a single unit, means for maintaining the valve unit against bodily displacement lengthwise ot' the cylinder, means tor separably securing the cylinder members together, and a piston operable in the cylinder.

i8. An hydraulic shock absorber embodying two cylinder members each having a recess therein opening through one Yface thereo'f and adapted to be placed together to cause the recesses to iorm a cylinder, a valve element embodying as a unitary structure a body portion and a valved passage therethrough, said element being insertable into and removable from the cylinder member as a single unit, cutting edges carried by and encompassing a portion of said body portion and adapted to be embedded into the wall of the cylinder when the cylinder members are forced together, to form a fluid tight joint between the valve element and the cylinder wall, and a piston operable in the cylinder.

19. An hydraulic shock absorber embodying two cylinder members each having a recess therein opening through one face thereof and adapted to be placed together to cause the recesses to form a cylinder, a valve element embodying as a unitary structure a body portion and a valved passage therethrough, said element being insertable into and removable from the cylinder member asa single unit, cutting edges `carried by and encompassing a portion of said body' and adapted to be embedded `into the wall of the cylinder when the cylinder members are forced together, to form a lluid tight joint between the valve element and the cylinder wall, additional means for maintaining the valve element against bodily displacement lengthwise of the cylinder, and a piston operable in the cylinder.

20. in hydraulic ,shock absorber embodying cylinder members each having an endless recess opening through one face thereof, said members adapted to be placed face to Jface to cause said recesses to form a closed cylinder, a piston element, pistons connected with the ends of said element and operable in the cylinder, a cap member for securing the cylinder together, a valve device in said cylinder between said pistons and insertable into and removable from the cylinder as a unitary structure, when the cylinder members are separated.

2l.y An hydraulic shock absorber embodying cylinder members each having an endless recess opening through one face thereof and adapted to be placed face to face to cause said recesses to form a cylinder, a piston element, pistons carried bythe ends of said element and operable in the cylinder, a cap member for securing the cylinder members together, a valve device in said cylinder between the pistons and insertable into and removable from the cylinder as a unitary structure, when the cylinder members are separated, a portion of the said valve devicebeing embedded into the cylinder wall by the pressure of the cylinder members upon the valve device as the cylinder members are forced together. i

22. An hydraulic shock absorber embodying cylinder members each having an endless recess opening through one .face thereof and adapted to be placed face toV face to cause said recesses to Jform a cylinder, a piston element, pistons carried by the ends of said element and operable in the cylinder, a cap member for securing the cylinder members together, a valve device in said cylinder Vbe-l tween the piston and insertable into and removable from the cylinder as a unitary structure, when the cylinder members are separated, a portion of the periphery of the valve unit being shaped to form a cutting edge adapted to be embedded in the cylinder wall as the cylinder members are forced together.

23. A shock absorber embodying a divided cylinder formed' of two members having annular recessestherein opening through one face. thereof, means Vsecuring the members together-with the open sides of the recesses co-inciding torform a closed cylinder,` opposed. pistons-operating in the cylinder, and a valve device in the cylinder` between said pistons fand insertable into andY removable from the cylinder asa unitary structure when the cylinder members are separated.

24. A shock absorber embodying a divided cylinder formed of two members having annular recessestherein opening through one face thereof, means securing the members together with the open sides of the recesses co-inciding to Jform a closed cylinder, op-

posed pistons operating in the cylinder, and

a valve device in the cylinder between said pistons and insertable into and removable from the cylinder as a unitary structure when the cylinder members areseparated, the said valve device being maintained against bodily displacement lengthwise of the cylinder. 1 Y

25. An hydraulic shock-absorber embodying an annular chamber, opposed pistons operable in the chamber, double acting valve mechanism intermediate the pistons, and means for imparting a relative movement to .the chamber and pistons one with relation to the other to cause the valve to operate Ete

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