US1843244A - Incandescent cathode for electron discharge devices - Google Patents
Incandescent cathode for electron discharge devices Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1843244A US1843244A US695383A US69538324A US1843244A US 1843244 A US1843244 A US 1843244A US 695383 A US695383 A US 695383A US 69538324 A US69538324 A US 69538324A US 1843244 A US1843244 A US 1843244A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- cathode
- electron discharge
- discharge devices
- metal
- incandescent cathode
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 232Th Chemical compound [232Th] ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052776 Thorium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000449 hafnium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WIHZLLGSGQNAGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium(4+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Hf+4] WIHZLLGSGQNAGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J1/00—Details of electrodes, of magnetic control means, of screens, or of the mounting or spacing thereof, common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J1/02—Main electrodes
- H01J1/13—Solid thermionic cathodes
- H01J1/14—Solid thermionic cathodes characterised by the material
Definitions
- My invention relates to electron emitting cathodes and more particularly to incandescent cathodes for freely emitting electrons, such as are used in the ordinary vacuum tube employed in the radio and other electrical arts.
- An object is to provide a cathode which will freely emit electrons at low temperatures so that the necessary electron emission will be obtained at the expense of only a small amount of energy.
- cathode is the oxide coated cathode, commonly called the Vehnelt cathode; another type is the pure metal cathode which may be composed of tungsten, tantalum or other metal of high melting point; still another type is the cathode consisting of metal of a high melting point as the basic filament material with additional substances of high electron-emission incorporated therewith, as for instance, tungsten with thorium.
- the incandescent cathode according to the present invention belongs with the last type. It consists of a wire of high melting point, as, for instance, tungsten, alloyed with the metal hafnium, which has an atomic weight of 72 or with its chemical combinations respectively. I have found experimentally that the metal hafnium when combined with the usual materials usedas a cathode in electron discharge devices has the property of rendering the resulting cathode free to emit electrons at low temperatures. These additions may be suitably mixed with the original material of the filament before the filament is formed and then Worked up together; however, they may also be added to the finished metal wire as, for instance, by distillation in red heat.
- the hafnium is in a strongly oxidized state, it may be advantageously reduced by means of carbon, potassium, sodium, magnesium, or any other suitable reducing agent.
- the basic filament material not only hafnium but also small per cents of substances favourable for electron emission, as for instance the metals of the alkaline earths, or the metals of the rare earths as yttrium, scandium, thorium, zirconium, titanium.
- a cathode for electron discharge de vices comprising a metal capable of withstanding high temperatures, halfnium, and the metal of a rare earth.
- a cathode for electron discharge devices comprising a heat resistant metal, hafnium, hafnium oxide, and the metal of a rare earth.
Description
Patented Feb. 2, 1932 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE HANS EWALID RUKOP, 0F BERLIN, GERMANY, ASSIGNOR T0 GESELLSGHAF'I' FT TR DRAHTLOSE TELEGRAPHIE M. B. H., OF BERLIN, GERMANY, A CORPORATION OF GERMANY INCANDESCENT CATHODE FOR ELECTRON DISCHARGE DEVICES No Drawing. Application filed February 26, 1924, Serial No. 695,383, and. in Germany May 30, 1923.
My invention relates to electron emitting cathodes and more particularly to incandescent cathodes for freely emitting electrons, such as are used in the ordinary vacuum tube employed in the radio and other electrical arts.
An object is to provide a cathode which will freely emit electrons at low temperatures so that the necessary electron emission will be obtained at the expense of only a small amount of energy.
Other objects will be apparent from the following description.
Present electric vacuum tubes such as are used for detection, amplification, generation and rectification of electric currents, and for various other uses contain different kinds of incandescent cathodes. One type of cathode is the oxide coated cathode, commonly called the Vehnelt cathode; another type is the pure metal cathode which may be composed of tungsten, tantalum or other metal of high melting point; still another type is the cathode consisting of metal of a high melting point as the basic filament material with additional substances of high electron-emission incorporated therewith, as for instance, tungsten with thorium.
The incandescent cathode according to the present invention belongs with the last type. It consists of a wire of high melting point, as, for instance, tungsten, alloyed with the metal hafnium, which has an atomic weight of 72 or with its chemical combinations respectively. I have found experimentally that the metal hafnium when combined with the usual materials usedas a cathode in electron discharge devices has the property of rendering the resulting cathode free to emit electrons at low temperatures. These additions may be suitably mixed with the original material of the filament before the filament is formed and then Worked up together; however, they may also be added to the finished metal wire as, for instance, by distillation in red heat.
If, after the finishing of the filament, the hafnium is in a strongly oxidized state, it may be advantageously reduced by means of carbon, potassium, sodium, magnesium, or any other suitable reducing agent.
It is advantageous to add to the basic filament material not only hafnium but also small per cents of substances favourable for electron emission, as for instance the metals of the alkaline earths, or the metals of the rare earths as yttrium, scandium, thorium, zirconium, titanium.
It will be obvious to those skilled in the art that my invention is not limited to use in vacuum tubes but may be used anywhere it is desired to employ a high electron emitting electrode.
My invention is not limited to the embodiments described above but I am entitled to any modifications thereof that fairly come within the scope of the following claims:
1. A cathode for electron discharge de vices comprising a metal capable of withstanding high temperatures, halfnium, and the metal of a rare earth.
2. A cathode for electron discharge devices comprising a heat resistant metal, hafnium, hafnium oxide, and the metal of a rare earth.
HANS EWALD, RUKOP.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE216840T | 1923-05-30 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US1843244A true US1843244A (en) | 1932-02-02 |
Family
ID=31893367
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US695383A Expired - Lifetime US1843244A (en) | 1923-05-30 | 1924-02-26 | Incandescent cathode for electron discharge devices |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US1843244A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB216840A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2695945A (en) * | 1952-11-04 | 1954-11-30 | Union Carbide & Carbon Corp | Refractory metal electrode for inert gas-shielded arc welding |
| US2744183A (en) * | 1952-11-13 | 1956-05-01 | Union Carbide & Carbon Corp | Inert gas-shielded arc welding |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3116145A (en) * | 1962-04-30 | 1963-12-31 | American Metal Climax Inc | Tungsten-hafnium alloy casting |
-
1924
- 1924-02-26 US US695383A patent/US1843244A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1924-03-28 GB GB7978/24A patent/GB216840A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2695945A (en) * | 1952-11-04 | 1954-11-30 | Union Carbide & Carbon Corp | Refractory metal electrode for inert gas-shielded arc welding |
| US2744183A (en) * | 1952-11-13 | 1956-05-01 | Union Carbide & Carbon Corp | Inert gas-shielded arc welding |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB216840A (en) | 1925-06-29 |
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