US1840196A - Tip for blowpipes - Google Patents

Description

Jan. 5, 1932. F. c. HASSE TIP FOR BLowPIPEs Filed Jan. 2, 1929 dd 14W, INVENTOR,

BY Wu; 9W0, ATTORNEYS.

. ide away from the heated area.

velocity rivet removing blowpipe is described in in patent application referred to lie use of a properly constructed Patented Jan. 5, 1932 [UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE FRANK C. HASSE, OF LA GRANGE, ILLQLNOIS, ASSIGNOR TO UNION CARBIDE & CARBON RESEAROH LABORATORIES, INC.,

A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK "n1 for. BLOWPIPES Application filed January 2, 1929. Serial No. 329,833.

This invention pertains to blowpipes and p more specifically to a nozzle adapted for be- Metal cutting blowpipes or, as they are commonly known, cutting torches are ordi- 'narily arranged to use a heating flame to heat the metal to be cut, and a jet of substantiallypure oxygen traveling at high velocity to oxidize the metal and blow the oxide or slag away from the heated area. For

' some classes of work, such as removing rivet heads, greater speed and economy may be obtained by using a jet of oxygen traveling.

to blow the ox- Such a low at 'a low velocity insuflicient above. By t I tip or nozzle with an ordinary metal cutting torch or'blowpipe it may be converted into such a low velocity rivet cutting blowpipe, thereby increasing its range of usefulness and, at the same time, giving the owner the advantages of the low velocity oxygen cutting process without the expense of purchasing a complete blowpipe.

Therefore one object of .this invention is to provide'a nozzle or other apparatus such as shown in my copending application Serial N 0; 307,720 adapted for being coupled to a blowpipe to convert it into a rivet re- -m0ving blowpipe having a heating flame and an oxidizing stream of oxygen with insuflicient velocity to blow the oxide or slag formed thereby out of its path or away from the heated area. Other aims, objects, and

.novel features will be apparent from the drawings and the following description.

The "objects of the present invention are A attained by the mechanism shown in the 110- 1 companying drawings, in which:

Fig. 1 is a side view of a blowpipe with my.

improved nozzle attached thereto;

Fig. 2 is a fragmentary sectional view of the blow-pipe head of Fig. 1 showin the method of coupling the nozzle to the low- P P Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section of my improved nozzle, and;

Fig. 4 is a view of the outer end of the nozzle shown in Fig. 3.

The invention may be embodied in a nozzle A that is adapted for being coupled to a blowpipe B by the gland nut O.

The-blowpipe B may comprise a handle 4 body 10 that is joined to ahead 11 by three gas conducting pipes or' tubes 12. Extending to the rear of the body 10 is a nipple 13 that may be connected to a source of oxygen supply, such as a tank of compressed oxygen, by a suitable length of flexible hose; and a nipple 14 that source of inflammable gas supply, such as a tank of compressed acetylene, by another suitable length of flexible hose. Suitable conduits within the blow ipe conduct the acetylene and oxygen to t e head 11 where they are combined to form a combustion supporting mixture. The amount of oxygen in the mixture may be controlled by the manually operable valve 15, and the amount of acetylene in the mixture may be controlled by the manually operable valve 16. A knob 17 controls the position of another valve that permits a stream of auxiliary oxygen to flow through the blowpipe body 10 and head 11 in a conduit that is independent of those supplying gas to the combustion supporting mixture. So far the construction and arrangement of the blowpipe follows that of a style well known in the art.

Attached to the forward end of the head 11 b a gland nut C is my improved nozzle s own in section in Fig. 3, havin an inner end 19 somewhat enlarged to orm an exterior shoulder 20 for the interior shoulder may be connected to a 21 of the gland nut C to press against to hold the seating face 22 securely against the outer end of the head 11. ,The seating face 22 may have an annular mixture distributing recess 23 therein that registers with a similar mixture distributing recess 24 in the outer end of the head 11 thereby forming a distributing chamber. Extending longitudinally through the nozzle A from the dis- 1 tributing recess 23 to the outer end 24 is a plurality or eccentric group of combustible mixture passages 25 that are larger at the inner end 19 of the nozzle A than at the outer end 24 so the combustible mixture passages are reduced in area in passing through the nozzle in the direction of gas flow. Extending longitudinally through the nozzle A from the outer end 24 to the seating face 22 of the inner end 19-is an oxygen passage 26 2 that is formed by a large eccentric bore 27 in the outer end of the nozzle A that is joined to a small concentric bore 28 at the inner end of the nozzle A so the oxygen passage 26 is increased in area in its passage through 2 the nozzle A in the direction of gas flow.

Near the inner end or bottom of the eccentric bore 27 is a transversely extending tur-.

bulence reducing screen 29 that is held in place by a metal sleeve 30 which is a snug 80 till the bore 27. v

As the nozzleA may be used with blowpipes of a style different from that shown in the drawings, the inner end 19 of the nozzle A may therefore be of a form different from that shown so tached to blowpipes of the various kinds now in use. The arrangement of the passages 25 in an eccentric group at one side of the noz-' zle is not imperative as other'arrangements may be employed but, greater economy of the gases and-better operating characteristics have been secured with the arrangement shown. The turbulence reducing screen 29' may be replaced with other means for ac- W00 a perforated metal plate, or a maze of tortuous passages, whereby the turbulence of the oxygen is reduced so it emerges from the nozzle in a torpid stream. Also, the turbulence reducing means 29 may be made self retaining in the bore 27 or means other than the sleeve 30 may be employed for the pa ose.

. e outer surface of the nozzle A, and

the surface of the mixturepassages 25 and the oxygen passage 26 near the outer end 24, may be covered with a protective coating of chromium applied by one of the well known electrolyticprocesses. This coating of chro- 60 mium is not obligatory as the nozzle will perform its function i7v a satisfactory manner without it, but I have found that a chromium plated nozzle will last longer and cause less 'delaynuring operation as slag does not adhere to it as readily and cause clogging and the nozzle maybe atcomplishing the result such as a tuft of steel.

vthe attaching end 22 to secure a tighter joint between the nozzle A and the head 11 of the blowpipe B. Y

When the blowpipe shown and described herein is in operation the combustible mixture formed in the head 11 by a mixture of inflammable gas and oxygen flows outward through the passage 31 in the head 11, the distributing chamber formed by the distributing recesses 24 and 23 in the head 11 and nozzle A respectively, and the mixture passages 25 in the nozzle A, where it is ejected from the outer end 24 of the nozzle A forming the heating flame used to raise the temperature of the iron or steel operated upon to a point where it will burn or oxidize when the passage 32 in the ead 11 and passage 26 e in nozzle A. The passage 26 is much larger than .the ordinary oxygen passage in a cutting torch nozzle or tip so, instead of ejecting the oxygen in a turbulent stream of high velocity around 2,000 feet a second, it ejects the oxygen in a torpid stream of low velocity around 92 feet a second. The oxygen at this low velocity will not blow the oxide or slag formed thereby out of its path or away from the heated area as is customary with the high velocity oxygen stream of the usual cutting torch.

When the usual cutting torch having a high velocity oxygen stream or jet is used for removing a rivet head, the torch is held so the heating flame is as nearly parallel to the surface of'the fabricated structure holding the rivet as it is possible to get it. The torch is then removed towardthe rivet until the' edge of the rivet head is in the heating flame .and the torch is held in this position until the rivet head is heated to a point where it will sustain combustion in an atmosphere rich in oxygen such as that created when a stream .of oxygen is impinged on the heated portion of the rivet head. Then the auxil- .cut off as close to this surface as possible.

Usually a portion of .the rivet head is left attached to the body of the rivet because the flame will cut into the fabricated structure and lIljllI'e it when the cut in the rivet head 1s made too close to the surface of the struc ture.

.head the torch is held so the heatin that )it does not proved nozzle is used,

rivet may be 1 equipped with my, nozzle with the ordinary torch it ture.

As a consequence much difliculty is experienced in removing the rivets from a fabricated structure after their heads have been cut off by this method.

When a torch equipped with my improved tip or nozzle is used for removing a rivet time is substantially parallel to and in a igri'ment with the body or axis of the rivet-and the flame is directed upon the center of the rivet head and held there until the head has been heated to'a point where it will sustain combustion in the presence of atmosphere rich in oxygen such asi that created when a stream of oxygen is impinged on the heated rivet head. Then the knob 17 is depressed thereby 1 opening the auxiliary oxygen passage permitting a stream of non-turbulent low velocity oxygen to emerge from the opening 26 in the nozzle A and envelop the rivet head. The velocity ofthe oxygen'stream is so low that the oxide formed thereby is not blown away from the heated area and, therefore,

the oxygen does not burn a hole into the rivet as a high velocity jet from a cutting torch would but, instead, the I entire rivet head and part of the body are rapidly burned or oxidized and, as the velocity of the oxygen stream is insuflicient to blow the oxide away, it runs away leaving the surface of the fabricated steel and the edge of the rivet hole therein entirely uninjured. The oxygen stream is not only of such low velocity that it does not blow the oxide away from the heated area, but it is of such low velocity even break hrough the protecting or insulating film of oxide that forms on the surface of the fabricated structure in the rivet hole and under the rivet head by the oxidizing action of the atmosphere, so there is no danger of injuring the structure containing the rivets when they are removed 7 in this manner.

As the entire rivet head is removed when a'torch equipped with my imit follows thattho easily removed from the fabricated structure. K

- When a rivet head is removed with a torch equipped with my im'proved nozzle there are several features that distinguish the process from that of removing a rivet head with the ordinary cutting torch. With a torch the preheating flame is directed upon the center of the rivet head froma direction at right angles to the surface. of the fabricated structure, while is directed upon the edge of the rivet head from a direction paralel to thesurface of the fabricated struc- With the ordinary torch, after-the rivet head has been preheated and the auxiliary oxygen has been turned on, the oxygen burns or oxidizes only that portion of the rivet head that is in its path and it blows the through a wax candle. With a torch equipped with my improved nozzle, when the rivet head has been preheated and the auxiliary oxygen has been turned on the ox en envelops the entire head and entirely burned or oxidized. As the velocity of the oxygen is not high enough to blow the oxide away it, consequently, runs away like the melted wax from the end of a candle held in a Bunsen flame. The high veocity oxygen jet of the ordinary cutting torch will cut into the surface'of a bifurcated steel structure just as easily as it will into the head of a rivet,'so considerable care must be exercised when cutting a rivet head to not direct the jet upon the fabricated structure or it will be injured.

With the low velocity oxygen stream' formed by my improved nozzle the fabricated steel is not injured while the rivet head is being removed. While the entire rivet head and part of the body is burned or oxidized by the oxygen the temperature of the fabricated structure is not raised to even a red heat but remains dark in color while the rivet head. is burned and the slag or oxide runs away. This very desirable feature appears to be due to the fact that the velocity of the oxygen stream formed by the nozzle is not high enough to blow the slag or oxide awa from theheated area or out of the path of the stream and thereby or otherwise break through the protecting coating of oxide on the surface of the fabricated structure and ignite the metal underneath.

This invention is deemed to occupy that portion of the field of the oxygas welding and cutting art lying between the metal cutting torch or blowpipe on the one hand and the auxiliary oxygen welding torch or blowpipe on the other. A torch equipped with my improved nozzle and embodying this invention is distinguished from a metal cutting torch by its faculty of producing an'oxidizing flame or an oxygen stream and a flame having a velocity insufficient to blow the oxide or slag out of its path or away from the heated area. ()n the other hand, a torch or blowpipe embodying this invention is diswhen the character of its oxygen stream is compared with that of the oxygen jet of cutting torches on the one hand and with thatof welding torches employing auxiliary oxygen 0 which is quic (ly effective temperature pipes already The terms fabricated steel, and fabricated having rivets, bolts,

on the other hand. The usual velocity of the oxygen jet in metal cutting blowpipes or torches is approximately 2,000 feet a second. It is the high velocity of this oxygen jet that blows the oxide or slag out of its path and away from the heated area. The velocity of the oxygen stream formed by apparatus embodying this invention is approximately 92 feet a second. At this low velocity the oxygen does not blow the slag out of its path or away from the heated area. The velocity of the auxiliary oxygen jet in welding blowpipes or torches is approximately 7 5 feet a second, but in torches of this character a means is provided for controlling the volume of the oxygen in the auxiliary jet so the welding flame is not oxidizing after the auxiliary oxygen hasbeen added to it.

The arrangement and size of the openings or passages in the nozzle shown and described herein may be varied to meet the requirements of various working conditions. For example, the passages 25 may be varied in size and number, and they may be arranged in various patterns symmetrical and otherwise around the oxygen passage 26. I have found it advisable, however, to arrange the flame openings 25 in as small a group as structurally convenient to conserve the heat of the flame formed by the combustion of the mixture emerging therefrom. .As the distance between the passages 25 is increased, or the size of the group is increased, the temperature of the nozzle A is increased and the of the flame is decreased. Therefore, the less the distance between the passages 25, and/ or the smaller the group, the greater the effective temperature of the flame,'.which is the (and desired.

The number, "variety, and nature of the metals, metallic compositions, and alloys, that may be operated upon'by the use of the blowpipe described herein is believed to be the same as those that may be operated upon by the use of metal cutting torches or blowwell known in the art.

structure,-as used herein are intended to cover all forms of iron or steel articles that are attached together with rivets, lar fastening devices and, also, metal articles studs, screws, and similar devices in or attached to them'for other purposes. I

Bolts, machine screws, staybolts, cap screws, lag screws, studs, and similar articles are considered the equivalent of rivets and all of them may be operated on-by the use of ablowpipe or torch equipped with my improved nozzle. Furthermore, they may be operated on when in metals other than iron or steel, and when in materials other than metals.

The. novel device described herein is not limited, to the use of acetylene as a fuel but from said bolts, or simi -nozz-1e;'and an oxygen passage through said of the invention or sacri cing any of the rights'thereunder.

I claim: 1. A blowpipe nozzle having an eccentric group of combustible gas apertures and av single eccentric oxygen aperture with an area much greater than the total area of said com- 5 bustible gas apertures,

2. A blowpipe nozzle having" a plurality of combustible gas passages; a single oxygen" 1 passage; and a turbulence reducing means in said oxygen passage.

3. A blowpipe nozzle having aplurality of combustible gas passages; a single oxygen passage; and a turbulence reducing screen in said oxygen passage.

4. A blowpipe nozzle having a plurality of combustible gas passages; a single oxygen passage; a turbulence reducing screen in said oxygen passage; 4 oxygen passage to hold said turbulence reducing screen in place. I

5. A blowpipe nozzle having a plurality of gas apertures adapted for emitting a combustion supporting gaseous mixture to form a heating flame; and an oxygen passage having a larger exit than inlet adapted for emitting oxygen. in suflicientquantity to oxidize heated iron and at a velocity insufficient to blow the slag away from the heated area.

and a metal sleeve in said 6: A blowpipe nozzle having a plurality of gas apertures adapted for emitting a combustion supporting gaseous mixture to form a heating flame; and an oxygen passage having a larger exit than inlet adapted for emitting an oxidizing stream of non-turbulent oxygen, at a velocity insuflicient to blow the slag formed thereby out of its path.

7. A nozzle having an lnner end adapted for being coupled to a blowpipe; an annular mixture distributing recess in said inner end; a plurality of .mixture passages extending distributing recessthrough said nozzle; the area of said mixture passages and the area of said oxygen inner end adapted for being coupled to a blowpipe; an-outer end adapted for emitting gases; an annular mixture distributing recess in said inner end; a group of mixture passages extending longitudinally through said nozzle from said distributing recess to said outer end;-and an oxygen passage extending longitudinally through said nozzle from said inner end to said outer endzsaid oxygen passage being much larger at the outer end of said nozzle than at the inner end.

9. A nozzle having an inner end adapted for being coupled to a blowpipe; an outer end adapted for emitting gases; :1 group of mixture passages extending longitudinally through said nozzle; and an oxygen passage .extending longitudinally through said nozzle;

said oxygen passage comprising a large cylindrical bore extending from said outer end to a point near said inner en d. and a small cylindrical bore extending from said lar e cylinl drical bore to said inner end.

10. A nozzle having an inner end adapted for being coupled to a blowpipe; an outer end adapted for emitting gases; a plurality of mixture passages extending through said nozzle; an oxygen passage extending through said nozzle said oxygen passage comprising a large bore in the outer end of said nozzle joined to a small bore in the inner end of said nozzle; and a turbulence-reducing screen in said large bore near where it is joined to said small bore.

11. A nozzle having an inner end adapted for being coupled to a blowpipe; an outer end adapted for emitting gases; an eccentric a group through said nozzle: an oxygen passage ex-' group of mixture passages extending through said nozzle; an oxygen passage extending through said nozzle: said oxygen passage comprising a large bore in the outer end of said nozzle joined to a small bore in the inner end of said nozzle; said large bore being out of alignment with said small bore; and a turbulence reducing screen in said large bore near the inner end thereof where it is joined by said small bore.

12. A nozzle having an inner end adapted for being coupled to a blowpipe; an outer end adapted for emitting gases; an eccentric of mixture passages extending tending through said nozzle; said oxygen passage comprising a large eccentric bore in the outer end of said nozzle joined to a small concentric bore in the inner end of said nozzle; a turbulence reducing screen in said large bore near the inner end thereof where it is joined by said small bore; a sleeve frictionally held in said large bore to hold said screen in place; and a coating of chromium on /all of the surface of said nozzle except 'said inner end.

13. A cylindrical nozzle havingan enlarged inner end adapted for being coupled to a blowpipe; an outer end adapted for emitting gases; an annular mixture'distributing recess in said inner end; an e6centric group of mixture passages extending through said nozzle from said recessto said outer end; said mixture passages being smaller at the outer end of said nozzle than at the inner end: an oxvgen passage extending through said nozzle;.said oxygen passage comprising a large eccentric bore in the velocity that it is outer end of said nozzle joined to a small concentric bore in the inner end of said nozzle; a turbulence reducing screen in said large bore near the inner end thereof where it is joined by said small bore; a sleeve frictionally held in said large bore to hold said screen in place; and a coating of chromium on all of the surface of said nozzle except said inner end.

14. A blowpipe nozzle' having oxygen and preheating passages therein, said oxygen passage having an inlet .and a larger outlet.

15. A blowpipe nozzle having an oxygen passage therein adapted to deliver a relatively large volume of oxygen at a relative low velocity, said oxygen let and a larger outlet.

16. A blowpipe nozzle comprising an oxygen passage having a larger outlet than inlet adapted to permit the oxygen to expand as it passes towards the outlet, and a group of-preheating passages having outlets adjacent to said oxygen passage outlet.

17. A blowpipe nozzle having an oxygen passage therein adapted to deliver a relatively large volume of oxygen at a relatively low velocity, said passage having a turbulence reducer therein.

18. An apparatus for removing rivet heads comprising a means including a blowpipe for delivering a flame of sufiicient temperature and volume to heat a portion of the head to the temperature of rapid oxidation in a low velocity oxygen stream and a means for reducing a stream of oxygen to such low velocit that it is insuflicient to blow the slag away rom the zone of reaction, and means to direct said low velocity stream of oxygen upon said rivet head in sufficient volume to oxidize said head. I

19. In a rivet head removing blowpipe having an oxygen supply and a combustible gas supply the combination of means for forming a suitable mixture of combustible gas to heat a portion of a rivet head to the temperature of rapid oxidation in a low velocity oxygen stream, means for discharg ing a relatively large volume of ox gen from said blowpipe and means for redhcing the discharge velocity of said oxygen to such insufiicient to blow the oxidized portion of said head away from the zone of reaction.

'80 passage having an, in-

its 4 20. The combination in a blowpipe ofmeans forforming a flame suitable for heating a rivet head, and means for directing a low velocity stream of oxygen on said head with said flame in sufiicient volume to oxidize the heated metal and with insufficient velocity to blow the slag away from the heated area. e

21. The combination in a blowpipe of means for forming an oxy-fuel gas flame suitable for'heating a rivet head and means for directing a low velocity stream of oxygen on said rivet head with said flame in sufii- 23. Thecombination in a blowpipe of means for forming a flame suitable for heatmg a rivet head; a nozzle for directing said flame on a rivet head; and means for direct- I ing a low velocity stream of oxygen on said rivet head with said flame in sufficient vol ume to oxidize the heated metal and with insufficient velocity to blow the slag away from I the heated area.

from the heated area.

24. The combination inv a nozzle; means including a serles of orifices 1n the outer end of said nozzle for forming a flame suitable for heating a rivet head; and means ncluding a large orlfice 1n the outer end of said nozzle for adding oxygen to said flame so it is highly oxidizing and yet'has insufiicient velocity to blow the slag away from the heated area.

bulence in said stream of oxygen; and a ferrule holding said screen in said opening.

29. The combination in a blow ipe of means for forming a flame suitable or heatin a rivet head, and means for adding low velocity oxygen to said flame so it is highly oxidizing and yet has insufiicient velocity to break through the protecting coating of oxide on the surface of the metal surrounding the rivet. I In testimony whereof, I aflix my signature.

' FRANK C. HASSPL blowpipe of a 25. The combination in a blowpipe of a nozzle; means including an eccentric group of orifices in the outer end of said nozzle for forming a flamesuitable for heating a rivet head; and means including a large eccentric orifice in'the outer end of said nozzle for adding oxygen to said flame so it is highly oxidizing and yet the combined gases have insufficient velocity to blow the slag away 26. The combination in a nozzle; means including an eccentric group of orifices inthe outer end of said nozzle for forming a flame suitable for heating a rivet head; means including a large sized eccentric orifice in said nozzle for supplying a large stream of low velocity oxygen to said flame so it is highly oxidizing and'yet'has insufficient velocity to blow the slag away from the heated area; and means for reducing the "turbulence in said stream of oxygen.

27. The combinationin a blowpipe of a nozzle; means for forming a flame suitable for heating a rivet head; means including an opening 1n said. nozzle for adding a stream of oxygen to said flame; and means including a screen 1n said opening for reducing the turbulence inlsard stream of 'oxygen..

28. The combination in a blowpipe of a nozzle; means for forming a flame suitable for heating a rlvet head; means including an opening in said nozzle vfor adding a stream of oxygen to sald flame; meansincluding a screen in said opening for reducingth'e turblowpipe of a v

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