US1837182A - Coking retort oven - Google Patents

Description

Dec. l5, 1931.

J. BECKER COKING RETORT OVEN Filed March 14, 1921 2 VSI'xeets-Sheet 2 Patented Dec. 15,' .1931

UNITED STATES PATENT. ori-ica l JOSEPH Bmn, F PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOB. T0 THE HOVPPBS 00X- PANY, 0l' PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA, A `CORPORATION 0F PENNSYLVANIA OOXING BETOBT OVEN Application illed Iarch 14,' 1921.

This invention comprehends improvements of es cial utility in the coking retort oven art. e invention has for an object to utilize the gs oven principle in a cross-regenerative co 'ng retort oven having horizontal flame lues in the heating walls, thereby providin a horizontal-fined cross-re enerative oven, 1n which the heat for coking t e charges of coal in the retorts or coking chambers may be developed from the combustion of an extraneously derived special generator gas, such as producer gas, with a resultant conservation of the entire product o f the relatively richer coke oven gas derived from the ,car-

bonization of the coal charged into the re- .,5 elevation through a coke oven bateei7 torts of the oven.

In the accompan in dravvinl forming a part of this speci cation and s owing, for purposes of exemplification, a preferred form and manner in which the invention may be embodied and practised, butwithout limiting the claimed invention to such illustrative instance or instances:

Figure 1 is a crosswise lvertical sectional embodying the features above speci and equipped with the improvements of the present invention, the view being taken longitudinally through a heatin wall and 'a regener- 0 ator, in planes indicate by the line A--A of Figure 2, and igure 2 is al composite vertical. sectional elevation taken longitudinall of a coke o ven battery, in planes indicate by the lines f5 B--B, C--C and D-D of Figure 1.

The same characters of reference designate the same parts in each off the several views of the drawin In the eriibo im'ent illustrated in the drawig ings, the invention is incorporated in a combination coke oven battery, i. ei, a battery' Serial No. 468,287.

and im rovements made by the invention are susceptible of other applications2 such, for example, as in ordinary so-called gas ovens employing producer'gas as the fuel; hence, the scope o the invention is not confined to the specific use and specific embodiment herein described as an illustrative exam-ple.`

Referrin to the drawings, there are illustrated views of a coke oven battery or plant of theby-product type, having features above specified; said oven battery embodies in its construction a plurality of crosswise elongated heating walls 11, 11, and a plurality of intermediate crosswise elon ated horizontal coking chambers 12, 12. `The eating walls 11 form the side walls of the respective cokin chambers 12, shown more particularly in Figure 2, and together with the coking chambers 'are supported by the heavy supportin walls 13, 13, which extend crosswise of the attery and are located, as shown, below the coking chambers and heatin walls. The supporting walls 13 collectively orm the main support for the entire superstructure of the 'oven' attery and are .themselves supported upon a flat mat or platform which constitutes the sub-foundation on which the entire battery rests.

The coal to be coked is charged into the several coking chambers or ovens through charging holes 14 located in the top 15 of the oven batter and positioned, as shown in Figure 2, dlrectly above the ovens or chambers 12; These charging holes 14 are ped with'the usual removablecovers, are removed during charng of the individual ovens or coking chamers and are placed in position to close the tops of such `coking chambers durin the entire coking ling operation. e gases of distil ation ass from the tops of the several coking cham rs 12 through gas outlets indicated by dotted lines at 16 in Figure 1, and thence through ascension pip'es (not shown) into the usual gas collecting main, which carries the distillation products to the by-product recovery apparatus. y

Heat for coking the charges of coal in the severalovens or chambers 12 is derived from the heating walls 11, which, as above niennal axis of the heatin tioned extend cross-wise of thebattery atthe sides of the coking chambers. As shown, each heatin wall 11 is constituted of a lurality of horizontal flame or combustion, ues,

5 17, which extend parallel with the longitudiwall and are operatively connected in series at the opposite ends of said heating wall, as shown at 18. All of the flame flues of the heating wall, in accordance with the present .embodiment of the invention, operate concurrently as burning flues and combustion is maintained concurrently in the flues of half of the heating walls of the battery, while, at the same time, the ues of the other heating walls are operating as outflow flues for the waste gases or products of combustion from the burning ues.

' The crosswise regenerators 19 of the retort oven or battery are located below `the 9 aforesaid heating walls 11 and coking chambers 12 and in the present instance extend in `arallelism between the supporting walls 13.`

ach regenerator 19 is a chamber containing open brickwork, commonly called checkerwork, and indicated at 20 with a distributing sole channel 21 underneath such checkerwork the channels forming the soles of such chambers and `opening up into the checkerwork.

The regenerators are heated, in alternation, by the hot combustion products that draw off from the flame or combustion flues hereinbefore mentioned, and then impart such heat to the medium that they feed to these llame flues; in the lpresent instance, the

regenerators 19 are-disposed, taken s'eriatim longitudinally of the battery, in groups G and H, each said group comprising four renerators and, as shown in Fi re 2, flow .0 1s maintained concurrently in t e same direction in all the regenerators of each group,A

j but in the? opposite direction with respect to the regenerators of the adjacent oups.

That is to say, the several groups' 5 nerators alternate with the groups H and t e flow through the regenerators of the groups G, while in the same direction in all of the regenerators of that group, is in the opposite direction with respect to the flow through the several regenerators of the groups H. v

` Located at the op 'te ends of each heating wall are vertica feed channels 22. The channel 22 at one end of a heating wall is 5l .communicably connected, by means of a series of ports 23, with alternate flues of the heatin wall, and the feed channel 22 at the other v en of the heating wall is communicably connected, by means of a series of ports 24, with 0 the flues that are intermediate the alternate flues aforesaid. During one reversal period, half of-the oups of regenerators G and H operate as inow generators, whereas the other half of such groups of regenerators op- '05 erate as outflow regenerators. That t0 Say,

lcomprises two adj acently disposed gas regenof rewhen the several groups G of re enerators are operating for inflow, the severa groups H are operating for outflow. Each inflow' group of regenerators is composed of two gas regenerators for heating the fuel gas and two air regenerators for heating the air which enters the flues to support combustion of the gas. Assuming that the groups G of regenerators are operating for inflow, each such group 'I5 erators, P, and two air regenerators, A, respectively located on the opposite sides of t e t'vo gas regenerators P. All of the outflow groups H of regenerators operate concurrently as waste gas regenerators and are designated by the reference character W. Each of the gas regenerators P whether operating for inflow or for outflow, is communicably connected by ports 25 with the feed channels 22 at the op osite ends of an adjacent heating wall, an each air regenerator A, whether operating for inflow or for outflow, is communicably connected, by means of a port 26, with the bottom flame flue of the same heating wall that is connected with the gas regenerator P. The air re enerators .A are also communicabl connecte by ports 27 with the ducts25 t at connect the gas regenerators with the feed channels 22, thereby permitting a portion of the air from the a1r regenerators to pass into the feed chan- 4 nels 22 along with the fuel gas. With this construction, the flame flues pf each heating wall are communicably connected with a pair of adjacent separate regenerators, one of which feeds fuel gas into the flues while the other feeds air, during the period when the flues are operating as burning flues. On reversal, both of the regenerators that are communicably connected with the flame flues of a single heating wall operate concurrently to receive and convey to the stack the waste gases from the outflow operating flues.

The reversal in operationy of the flame flues in the several heating walls of the battery takes place longitudinally of the battery, and is effected at the end of an operating period determined by ractice, by means of any referred type o reversing mechanism. he function of such reversal is as follows: The regenerators that, prior to the reversal, operated as inflow regenerators become outflow regenerators, and the outflow operating regenerators become inflow operating regenerators; the burning series of flues switches function with the outflow operating series of flues; and the su ply of gas 1s turned off from the previously urning flues and turned on into the mains of the previously outflow 0perating flues.

As shown, the top flame flues 17 of two adjacent heating walls are communicably connected by means of a passageway 28, which opens up preferably-into the end portions of the respective connected flues 17, as shown 13G nol in Figure 1. Thus the entire flow from alheating wall, .within :the flues `of `which combuston is .being maintained, `passes into and through all of the fluesfof the next adjacent heating Wall tothe outflow operating regenerators thatare connected wit'hfsuch flues. Extending :from the opposite side walls ofthe battery and leading into the feed channels 22 are gas supply'channels29. These gas supply channels .register 'with `the ports-'23 and'24at the oppositeends-of the flame lines, and 'are 'for the :purpose `of supplying coke oven gas to the several llame 'fines of each vheating wall. The `supply of coke oven gas to the respective ports 29 is `derived from coke voven gas mains `of the usual type and respectively located `on opposite sides of the battery. Suitable `means is provided for admitting or cutting oifl'l the supply of gas with respect to the channels 29, it being understood that 'the 4gas supply may be turned on concurrently in thechannels which Eeed the burning fines and turnedoff concurrently from those channels which lead to the outflow operatin f'lues. e

For operating the battery alternatively with the use of a special generator gas, such as producer gas as a fuelfthe several inflow operating regenerators :P may be optionally connected with a producer as main, so that the producer gas may directed into such of the 'regenerators as are operating for inflow and conveyed through these regenerators into burning flame flues 17. The operation of the retort oven or battery when using a special generator gas, usuch, as ordinary producer kgas vas a -uel,'is .as follows: The supply of coke oven gas' `to the coke .oven gas main, and to :all `0I the coke oven gas 40 channels 29, is cut olf. A supply of producer gas is permitted to .flow into the inflow operating gas regenerators P, and l, assing through said .regenerators is prelieate vbefore being delivered into the burning flame flues. During the inflow of producer .gas through such regenerators P, Waste gas fromthe down burning `lues is flowing iout "through `all of the regenerators In .the regenerators A, inflow of air is :maintainedzan-d, passing up- `Waidly through said regenerators, iinally enters the burningflame flues Ito support .the combustion of the producer gas that ,is `1delivered thereto by `the regenerators 0n reversal Iof 'the flow., the /inlow gas `and yair regenerators lbecome outflow regenerators,

and concurrently the outflow operating waste`- gas regenerators become `inflow A,gas and air regenerators. y

In operating the battery with `coke oven 50 gas, the supply of producer gas .to .the revvgenerators P is shut offl' and air is permitted to flow 4-nto such regeneraftors injplace of. the producer gas. During .coke oven gas operation a `supply lof colte ovenggas is maintained 35 in the channels :29 `which feed the burning flues. The reversing mechanism is operated at each :reversal to place all uof the inflow operating air regenerators in communication withthe outer air, and concurrently .all of theoutflow operating regenerators vin communication withthe exhaust. v

The invention as hereinabove set lforth is embodied in a particular form of construction, but may be variously embodied within the scopeofthe claims hereinaftcrmade.

I claim.:

1. In a coking battery, in combination.: heat 'treating chambers, llued heating walls .between successive4 chambers; regenerators communicating with said vflued heating walls respectively adapted to pass preheated air and combustible gas to 'said fflued heating walls and to pass vthe heated waste gases therefrom, regenerators `for Lpassing waste gas being yseparated from all lof the .regenerators for passing combustible gas "by regenerators for passing air, substantially .as specified.

2. In a coking battery, in combination:

passages designed to convey respectively air, combustible gas and waste gas, all of lthe passages for passing the waste gas being separated from all of the passagesfor `passing combustible gas by 'the passages' for passing air, substantially as specified.

3. In la coking battery, in combination: heat treating chamber; flued 'lieatin walls between successive chambers; :pairs o regenerators for passing respectively preheated air and preheated combustible s to Valternate `pairs of said flued heating wa ls, and for passing the waste gases from intermediate pairs of said walls, two pairs .of reg'eneiators for passing the waste `gases lying next -to each other and being separated from vpairs of regenerators for passing combustible gas by a regenerator for passing air, substantially as specified.

4. In the combination defined in claim 3,

means for reversing the flow while maintaining the sequence of -gases in the several regenerators, substantially as specified.

5. In a coking battery, in combination: heat :treating chamber; flued heating walls between successive chambers; groups of regenerators for passing respectively preheated air and preheated combustible gas to .alternate groups of said `flued heating walls, and

for passing .thewaste y ases from intermediate groups of said wa ls, `two groups of regenerators -for passing waste gases ing next .to each other and bein separated, from a group of .regenerators or passing .combus- 'tiblegasv by 'a regenerator'for passing air.

16. The process of kopera-ting a vcokiii-gbattery provided with alternate Cokin-g :cham- Lbersand Vflued heating walls and :regenerators .communicably connected to said flued walls, which `process comprises: passing air to said iflued walls :through certain of said regenerators; passing a combustible as to said flued walls through other of sai regenerators; and removing the hot gases of combustion from said flued. Walls through still other of said regenerators separated from all of the regenerators passing combustible gas by regenerators passing air.

7. The process of operating a coking battery provided with .alternate coking chambers and fiued heating Walls and preheaters comniu'nicably connected to said fiued Walls, which process comprises: passing air to said lued walls through certain of said preheaters; passing a combustible gas lto said lued walls through other of said preheaters; and removing the hot gases of combustion from said `fined Walls through still other of said preheaters separated from all of the preheaters` passing vcombustible gas by lpreheaters passing air. v

. 8L The process of operating a coking batteryv proyided-iv'ith alternate coking chambers and fined' heating Walls and regenerators comlnunicably connected to said iued Walls, which process comprises: passing a combustible gas to alternate pairs of adjacent flued heatingwwalls through adjacent pairs of said regenerators; passing air to the same pairs of heating walls through pairs of regenerators each regenerator of which latter pairs lie on opposite sides of said airs of adjacent regenerators passing com ustible gas; passing the products of combustion from the alternate pairs of Walls through the intermediate pairs of walls and thence through pairs of regenerators located on opposite sides of said pairs of air regen'erators.

9. The process of operating combustion apparatus which consists in passing currents of a combustible gas to said apparatus; concurrently passing currents of air of combustion for said gas to said apparatus on opposite sides of the currents of combustible gas; burning the air and gas in said apparatus and removing the products of combustion from said apparatus through paths located on opposite sides of said currents of air.

JOSEPH BECKER.

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