US1834768A - Burner - Google Patents

Description

Dec. 1, 1931. n CHAPPLE 1,834,768

BURNER Filed June 21, 1928 3 Sheets-Sheer l 4IIIIIIII ,W55

l l K I l NVENTOR M ATTORNEY Dec. 1, 193.1. c. CHAPPLE Q 1,834,768

BURNER Filed June 21, 192B 3 Sheets-Sheet V2 llllllIIIIIHIHHIHIHIIIIlHIIHHIIIIHIHIHHIIHIIIIIIIIIIIHII Hlllll INVENTOR /m ATroRNEY Dec; l, 1931.

J. c. cHAPPLE BURNER Filed June 21. 1928 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Patented Dec. 1, 1931 UNITED Y srA'rEsA JOHN C. CHAPPLE, 0F sT. LOUIS, AMISSOURI f BURNER' i pplicationiiled June 21,v

rlChis invention relates to improvements in burners; especiallylburners of fuel for use in connection with steam boilers `and other power plants. Y

An object of the invention is to 'provide a burner which is construoted so that it can consumeeither soli'dfuel in pulverized form or liquid fuel or both together; and which is constructed to be especially adaptedl foruse upon locomotive boilers, stationary boiler furnaces and other installations.V

Another object ofthe invention' is to'supply the pulverized fuel tothe furnace in such a manner that the combustion fand the attendant flame are 'spread out ,over the, entire interior. Hence any blast or erosive' effect is dissipatedand the heat of combustionis more evenly distributed through 'the fur# nace; without concentration of action in one or more parts of the furnace walls or of the appliances associated therewith. The schief defect of the burners of pulverized fuel nou7 in use is that they project the fuel 4mixed with air into the furnace in certain'di'rections. with considerable blast eect. Consequently cert-ain parts -of the'interior *of lthe furnace remain relatively coldwhileothers become extremely hot. rThis inode of action results in a low. fuel capacity and ,poor steam" generating' and heating.H ltalsfo results in excessive wear at certain'points of the system and necessitates frequent shutfdowns for cleaning, repairs, renewals,'etc. f

A further object of the ,invention is to equalize and modify the combust-ion of the pulverized fuel so as to eliminate undesirable; effects and obtain the Vfull efficiency yof the fu r: nace, together with thorough combustion of the fuel which the burner receives. f"

A still further object of the invention is to y provide a burner in whichthe pulverized solid fuel, together with the air carrying iti; and the liquid fuel when the latter is utilized, are fed into the furnace at oneyandthev same place. This feature facilitates the use of either pulverized lsolid fuel or liquid fuel, or both kinds of fuel in combination; and is of great advantage in localities where one kind of fuel isfavailablewhiletheother isf` not. In either caseeflicient operationy of the 192s. sieri-a1 No. 287,190.;

burner can `be obtained Without any'change the'v construction of the boiler, or -locomo A tive or the like in connection With which the furnace supplied by theburner is employed.

And yet another object ofthe invention isk to provide `a burnerin which the pulverized solid fuel andtheA air carrying it are supplied to the furnace through a number ofpassages,

and'which is so formed that it contains pas-V sages through which additional air is adno' room' for a long flame or travel ofthe. fuel a'k relatively great distance fromk the delivery end kof theburner before the fuel is consumed. Yet another. object of the inventionis to provide'a burner for fuel. adapted to receive additional air to assist the process `of combustion and having means by which the additional air may be preheated as it enters theV furnace. Y i Y furnace according to this invention is capable of a performance far superior to that of burners in whichlthe-fuel Vand air are projected into the furnace fromdifferent points and in 'different/directions. Inthefpractice of'my invention, the admission `of the fuel and additional air tothe furnace at oneplace not only increases thecapacity of the furnace but also greatly simplifes'the construction thereof.l Y f The-natureofthe invention is fullyfdisclosed in .the followingu description taken with the` drawings Von which the preferred form of my invention is illustrated. The

disclosure, however, is explanatory only and s changes lmay `rbe made Without departing 4 from the spirit of the invention or exceeding the scope of the appended claims.

On the drawings,

Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal sectional view of a locomotive furnace, for instance, with my burner attached;

Figure 2 is a horizontal section on the line 2 2 of'Figure 1; n j Y Figure 3 is a vertical section on the line 3-3 of Figure 4 taken through a portion of the furnace and showingthe interior of the burner;

Figure 4 is a vertical longitudinal sectionl on the line 4-4 of Figure 5 ind ic a ting the inside construction of the burner, and

Figure 5 is a top plan of the burner withV partlyV in c section, on line the. delivery end The saine numerals identify the same parts throughout; A

In thisA particular description of the construction shown yin the drawings, I show at 1 a flash pan which in theipractice of my `in vention replaces the ash-pan grates and riggings of the furnace of a'locoinotive boiler,

fonexample. Of course while the device herein may be described in connection with theboiler of aV locomotive it may be utilized for vboilers of engines' of a rdifferent design,

,Y such as stationary engines and power plants for other'uses. The pan 1 may be lined with irebrickorany goed 'refractory material 2;

and the burner shown as a whole at 3 is mounted to deliver into the `pan at the rearV thereof.V The numeral 4 lmay indicate diagrammatically the furnace, that is tosay the end whichis lnearest to the rear of the locomotive on which the pan isplaced. The top ofthe furnace is shown diagrammatically at 5 and 6 may be the fire tubes through which the hot gases of combustion pass to heat vwater'in ,the boiler before they escape through the staclr. v Y

` 'lliebur'ner 3 comprises nace is expanded over the top as indicated at 9. rlhe burner has a number of passages 10 in the expanded top 9, through which pulverized solid fuel and the air carryingA it are fedl into the furnace, and below the top 9 are a pair of'centrally-located passages 11.

through which the same kind of fuel is introduced. Beneathv the passages 11, which are Varranged side'by side and-at the middle of the bottom of the burner 3, may be .an additional passage 12 `through which fuel oil can be sprayedinto theffurnaceby means of a suitable nozzle. The discharge end of the burner is thus widest on top and narrowcst at the bottom as'indicated particularly on (Figure 3, andjthe crosssection of the pan 1 will con-y form to the burner in shape.` Therefore-the sides of the `pan vwill slope downward ata f given angle, as indicatedat 13, andthen more n Y a neck .7 having flange 8 to enable 1t to be connected to a source of-supply; and the end which enters the fur-I sharply as indicated at 14 towards the bottom 15. The expanded end 9 of the burner may be `disposed in the space between sides 13 while the sides 14 will flank the two passages 11 and the oil passage 12.

The expand-ed top 9 of the burner will also contain a pair of passages 16 through which additional air will be caused to flow into the flash pan 1. These passages 16 will lie between the fuel passages 10 along the extreme lateral edges of the Vexpanded top 9 and the twovpassages 10 adjacent the middle of the burner.

Between the two passages 10 adj acent the middlewill be an air passage 17 of greater height 'than the passages 10, so that this air passage lies between the two'fuel passages 11 also beneath this expandedtop 9.A This passage 17 will have extensions 1S between the two fuel passages 11 and the two passages 10 vimmediately .above the passages 11, as indicated in Figure 3. l

The fuel oil is fed through the passage 12 by means of a nozzle 19 therein connected to an oil supply pipe 20, and adjacent the nozzle 19 will be an injector nozzle 21 connected to a pipe 22 4to receive steam orair and thus ato'rnize the oil which issues rfrom the nozzle 19.

In operation, if pulver-ized solid fuel is employed this kind of fuel in a state of division is caused to flow in a current of air through the neck 7 of the burner 3 to the point where the expanded top 9 begins and there the fuel spreads out and is fed into the furnace through the various passages 10, taking the direction indicated by the dot and dash lines" with arrows on Figure 2. The fuel on entering the furnace is thus spread out fan wise and the flame of the fuel when combustionis in progress completely'fills the furnacefrom one side to the other and even atthe rear corners of the same.l By thus increasing the width of the discharge end of the burner which enters the pan 1 and multiplyin g the fuel passages 10, the pressure and velocity of the pulverizedfuel and air mix-A ture which fiows into the furnace is reduced and hence the combustion takes place in the furnace without any kblast action. The result is a relatively short flame confined more or less to the rear of the furnace adjacent the burner where the incoming fuel enters. All

the vvpulverized fuel and air, however, enterat one place and the short flame enables the combustion to be completed in a more effectivemanner as compared with burners which operate with a long fiame reaching farthervtowards the end of the furnace in` proximity with the fire tubes 6.

' To heat .additional air which flows into the furnace through the passages 16 and 17, with `their extensions 18, Inlay provide the flash with a hood 24 enveloping theend ofthe burner-which enters the furnace and the ex-V panded top 9 in'ay have an opening "25 cov' ered by the hood so that vthe preheated air can enter the passage. 17 therethrough.- A

similar opening 25, communicating with the space 12, which, asindicated in Figure 4, is

partitioned off so that it is not connected with the interior of the hood 24. I may also form lateral openings 26 in the sides of the burner below the expanded top 9 so that preheated air can enter the extensions or pockets 18; these openings 26 also being within the hood 24. The under side of the expanded top 9 has additional openings 27, through the bottoms of the passages 16 for additional air heated in the jaclret`23 to enter these passages and iiow therefrom into the furnace above the pan 1. Of course the hood 24 will be of the proper size and shape to enclose the openings 25, 26 and 27. If desired, of course, the hood and acket can be omitted so that additional air will be supplied to the burner without preheating.

The pulverized solid fuel may be used alone and so may the liquid fuel or oil, or both may be used together. This fact enables the burner to be operated to the best advantage because when one kind of fuel is not available the other can be selected, or where both kinds can be obtained, the kind which is the most economical may be purchased.

The mechanical construction of thev burner is indicated particularly in Figures 3, 4 and 5, and this burner may bemade in any manner to give it the shape and the passages above described. It has a pair of longitudinal partitions 28, between which is the air passage 17 and these partitions diverge somewhat as indicated at 29, adjacent the discharge end of the burner. The additional air passages 16 are each separated from Jche two fuel passages 10 on either side by the partition walls tov 30. Below the expanded top 9 the burner has vertical walls 31 which unite the passages 11 to the top, and the extensions 18 of the passage 17 lie between the top walls of the fuel passages 11 and the bottom wall of the top 9, indicated at 32. This bottom wall 32 terminates within the neck 7 at 33, and some of the pulverized solid fuel flows past this edge and downward to pass through the passages 11 which thus are descending branch passages with respect to the passages 10 in the top. The top ofthe passages 11 and the bottom walls of the passages 18 are separated by a web 34 between the vertical sides 31 of the inner end of the burner below the top 9, and the furnace may have an opening in its rear end,

as indicated at 35; this opening serving as a sight opening through which the process of the combustion 'can be watched or for. the introductionfof'ignition means when the furnace is to be lighted.

The lburner can be mounted in the rear end of they pan 1in any suitable manner which needv not here he described. To. begin the `operation of Vthe furnace, a little oilsoaked waste or shavings is ignited and thrown into the furnace on the bottom of the pan. The

supply of fuel is then turned on and the yprocess of combustion proceeds as desired. Of. course veither natural or mechanical means to providea draft of air through the passages', 10, k,16.and 17 can be employed.

All the fuel, whether solid or pulverizedA fuel or liquid fuel such as oil, is admitted into `the-furnace `at one place, andwith the shape yof the burner expanded at its inner end and conforming to the inside shape of the pan 1 and the furnace-above it, the combustion and the vproducts thereof fill thefurnace throughout theinterior .theieofand the largest possible heating effect and generation 'of' steam is thus assuredf It will be seen from the above disclosure thatmy invention also involves a new methl od of burning ulverized fuel, in which a large volume vof uel under high pressure conveying air is `delivered to the burner,the said fuel and air stream being sub-divided and the several fuel streams delivered into the combustion chamberof the furnace in a horizontal direction under greatly reduced pressure,

and simultaneously additional combustion promoting air is drawn by induction into the combustion chamber at substantially .the

saine rate of ow as theinjected fuel streams, andy preferably-between the latter so as tofaid in the lateral expansion of the fuel -across the combustion chamber. By such a method, practically complete combustion of all of the the desired short iiame.`

The jacket 23 may cover the' whole or any part ofthe flash pan and' it may haveopenings therein,'shown at 36, wherever desired.

The invention can lbe employed in connection with any kind of boiler, movable or stan tionary, to furnish `steam pulverized fuel particles is obtained .i

The utilization of low volatile anthracite more, in 'cases where' the low volatile anthra-VA cite and high volatile bituminouscoals or lignites are available, I caninake a mixture` of these thatcan bel satisfactorily burned in pulverized forin in suspension.

Of'course many changes might be made in the shape, size and arrangement of the Variffous parts of. the construction shown on the drawings hereinvvithout departing from Ythe principle of the invention or exeeedingthe scope of theV appended claims.

I claim:

Y l. A fuel burner for furnaces comprising a. burner head having a single unitary strnc tureadapted to be horizontally positioned through one end ofthe furnace, and having an upper horizontally elongated portion proivided with pairs of fuel passages diverging in opposite directions from the center line of the. burner head and also having a lovvei s portion provided with longitudinally eX- tending fuel passages below the inner' adja-y centv fuel passages of .theupper portion, said burner head having integrally formed means atA the entrance ends of tlieffuel passages subdividing the entering body of fuel and distributing the same to the respective pas- *i sages and said burner head being further provided with air inlet passages separating the latter upper and lower fuel passages from each other and through Which air is dr Wn by induced draft between the upper and lowerstreains of entering fuel.

2. Acfuel burner for furnaces comprising a burner head vhaving a` single unitary structure adapted to be horizontally positioned through one end of the furnace, and having an upper horizontally elongated portion provided Witli pairs of fuel passages @[wergmg4 in opposite'directions fi'oin the center line of the burner head and also having a. lower n portion provided with longitudinally extend ing fuel passages below the inner adjacent fuel passages of the upper portion, said burn' er' head structure being further provided with intercoinniunicating air inlet passagesv separatingthe last named individual. upper and lower fuel passages horizontally and vertically from each other and through which segregating sti'eains of air are drawn into the furnacewith the entering fuel streams.

y 3. Al fuel burner for furnaces comprising a burner head having laterally spaced pairs of fuel passages, the delivery ends of the pairs of passages diverging from the center line of the burner head and being disposed in a common horizontal plane,the outer pasl sage of each pair being of less capacity than the inner passage, and said burner heady having an additional pair of fuel passages located bel-W the adjacent inner first named passages and through Which fuel streams are discharged in angular relation to the path of vprojection of the fuel streams from said first named passages, and all of said passages at their other ends communicating Withv a common fuelinlet, and said burner headhav# ingintegrally .formed nieans at the latter end ofthe fuel passages Vto subdivide the entering body offuel and lproportionately distribute the saine to the respective passages. In .testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention, I` have signed my naine hereto.l

' JOHN C. CHAPPLE.

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