US1832319A - Tip for cutting torches - Google Patents

Description

G. C. QUELCH TIP Foa CUTTING ToRcHEs Nov. 17, 1931.

Filed sept. 28, 192s n .NL

Patented Nov. 17, 14931 J f UNITED STATES PATENT ori-ics GEORGE G. QUELCH, OF OAKMONT, PENNSYL'VFANIA, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGN- i MENTS, TO UNION CARBIDE ANI) CARBON RESEARCH LABORATORIES, INC., F NEW YORK, `N. 'Y'.,VA CORPORATION 0F NEW YORK TIP :Fon cU'rTING ToRcHEs Application fled September 28, 1928. Serial No. 309,025.'

My invention refers to an improvement in the class of torches for the cutting of ferrous metals. The present invention refers more particularly to means for eectin a more thorough mixture ofv the combustion gases with oxygen in the tip member of the torch prior to delivery, for preheating. One preerred embodiment of the invention is'herein illustrated and further described.

ln such torches, which are now in large and common use, a preheating iame of high temperature is lirst directed against the metal to be cut, and, when the combustible temperature of the metal is reached, a jet' of puro l oxygen under presure is directed against the heated portion, with a corresponding continuation of the preheating flame.

Combustion of the metal, under the oxygen jet, then occurs, reducing the metal to magnetic oxide of iron, the pressurepjet of oxygen forcing the oxide through `and awayfrom the narrow cur made in the metal as the cutting action proceeds along a given line.

In torches of this general class, the device is usually provided with three supplypipes or conduits, leading tothe terminal head embodying the tip, providing for the supply of high pressure oxygen for cutting, low pressure oxygen, and a combustile gas for burning therewith, for preheating.

The resent improvement has in view to utilize higher pressures of the combustion gases, with consequently higher resulting velocities, partly by the use ofrestricted passages and orifices through which the gases pass and become very thoroughly mixed.

The general objects in view are to secure a, more intimate andcombined mixture of fuel gas and oxygen between the burner tip and its surrounding shell, and to deliver a preheating mixture of even consistency and uniform pressure, at a desired speed of supply. Also to so construct the tip as to make it adaptable for utilization and incorpora-` tion in standard makes of cutting tools in which the supply of oxygen and fuel gas is eiiected in the head of the torch or between the fuel and oxygemsupply valves and the torch head.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a sectional view ofthe head of a conventional form of cutting torch provided with my improved tip;

Fig. 2 is a plan View of Fig. 1

F 1g. 3 is a diagonal vertical section on the line III-III of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a diagonal vcross section on the line IV-IV of Fig. 3;

Fig. 5 is a-sectional detail View of the tip and its shell, detached;

Figs. 6, 7 and 8 are cross sections on the lines VI-'Vlil Vil-VII and VIII-VIII respectively oi F ig. 5;

Fig. 9 is an enlarged longitudinal ksection of the mixer, detached.

Referring tothe drawings, A is the head of a standard torch, having the usual high pressure oxygen pipe 2, a low pressure oxygen pipe 3, and a gas supply pipe 4 communieating with the several corresponding passages 5, 6 and 7.

These several conduits are controlled by valves of well known construction and function, not necessarily shown.

As is,` generally understood in the art, the preheatlng mixture is effected by mixing the low pressure oxygen from porti with the preheating gas, as acetylene, hydrocarbon,

etc., passing from channel 7 to delivery passages surrounding the central oxygen combustion supply passage 8 ot the burner tip a.

The' head A. is provided with an annular chamber 10 surrounding the ltip member within the head' and communicating with the mixer furnished supply of gas and oxygen from ports 6 and 'Z'.

The mixer, which may be of any suitable .construe-tion, is in the present case similar to that shown and described ina companion application filed Sept..28, 1928, Ser. Number 309,026, which has resulted in Patent No. 1,745,190, issued January 28, 1930.

i It is mounted at one side ofthe head with- 1n a projecting enlargement 11 thereof, preferably made integral with the head casting,

and providing a continuous channel leading inwardly to the ,annular chamber 10 at an angle to the general line of the several supply pipes and conduits, as in Fig. 4.

Intervening between its ends, such channel,

i. e., the inner wall of enlar ement 11, is provided with -a screw-threa ed mounting 12, at each side ofwhich are the outer annular channel 13and the inner annular channel 14 respectively. These communicate with the preheating oxygen pipe 3 by channel 6, and the gas pipe 4 by channel 7 respectively.

The jet member a is so constructed and mounted as to function in the manner generinserting it in position, with an intervening packing gasket18. y

Inserted centrally in the hollow portion of the mixer part way 'back from its denvery end is an inner tube 19 having a central bore 20 at its inner portion communicating by a central port 21 with the several lateral oxygen inlet ports 22 for supply of oxygen from y pipe 3 through channel 6, as more fully shown in said application. Atits inner or delivery end tube 15 is rovided with a very small central outlet elivery port 23 and with similar small oxygen outlet ports 24, both communicating with a central longitudinal larger channel 20 which is in constant communication with the oxygen supply from pbrt 6. i

Inwardly beyond the midde screw-threaded barrel ortion 25 of tube 15 is an annular space 26 etween the central tube `19 and the outer shell 15, through -which passage fuel gas passes toward. the delivery end of the mixer. Shell 15 is provided, between its threaded portion and the delivery. end, with a series of transverse fuel gas inlet ports 27 communicating. with chamber 14 and port 7 for inward supply of gas from pipe 4.

The tip a is preferably made of one piece having the forward tapering end 28 fitting 'within and. surrounded by the shell 29 and tapped into the head by its inner threaded terminal 30.

Shell 29 makes a snug lit within the deliv ery portion of head A and is secured by the customary nut 31, with oxygen port 8in communicationn with supply port 5. The inner portion 32 of the tip and its outer plortion 33 lit tightly within the surrounding s ell 29, suiliciently close to prevent the passage between them of any gases.

Between such contacting shoulders 32 and l 33 the intervening shank portion of the tip is provided with variable diameter portions 34--35-36, providing annular mixture chambers of alternating size.

- As shown, the space between the tip body and the shell is reduced .or throttled from 36 to 35, and then increased from 35 to 34, wheeby gases entering from the rear may pass longitudinally and annularly, with such intervening partial opposition and subsequent opportunity for expansion.

Beyond the annular reduced neck 34, a series of emission slots 37 extend longitudinally of the terminal portion of the tip, whereby to deliver mixed gases outwardly around the central oxygen outlet and into the extremit of the shell, for discharge' therefrom.l lots 37 extend backwardly sufficiently far beyond annular shoulder 33 to vprovide forcirculation-of gases outwardly from the last annular mixing chamber of the series.

` For the purposeof introducing oxygen and gas to the lirst of such series of annular mixing chambers from chamber 10 of the head, I provide a holding key 38, between the tip and its shell, with a longitudinal circulating port 39. n

Said port, which is of the proper size to admit the mixture to the interior annular spaces in the proper amount and dependent on the pressure of the gases used, has a free of the keyway, as clearly shown.

As thus constructed and mounted in the head, the oxygen supplied from the usual preheating pipe 3 and gas supplied through pipe 4 are not only brought into a preliminary mixed condition in chamber 10, but are further'intimately mixed within the several annular comparativelyv shallow chambers surroundi/ng the variable necks 36, 35 and 34.

By reason of the alternating width of these film-forming chambers, the volume of the mixture therein is subjected to the rear pressure and a forward partial resistance, so that in passing along through the tip, the elements inlet and outlet clearance in the opposite endsy of the mixture will be very thoroughly and intimately commingled.

.By reason of such construction and arrangement, the pressure of the fuel gases may be increased, with increased pressure of the preheating oxygen supply, s'o that the effect 1. A burner tip for cutting torches provided with a central oxygen port and having a separately inserted perforated member providlng a lateral inlet combustion gas port, a

substantially longitudinal delivery port, and a series of intervening annular channels.

2. A burner tip for cutting torches pro'- vided with a central oxygen port and having at its` rear end a laterally arranged keyway .and a perforated key therein providing an inlet combustion gas port, at its iront4 end a longitudinally7 arranged delivery port, and

a series of intervening annular channels.

3. A burner tip for Acuttingterthes pre-` vided with a central oxygen port and having rated key providing an inlet port and a longi tudina-lly arranged delivery port at its front end, and a series of variable diameter reduced sections between the inner and cuter end,v of the tip providing' annular mixing chambers.

5. In combination with a burner head hav? ing a cutting oxygenl suply port and -a coml bustible gas cavity, a urner tip having a central port .communicating with the cutting oxygen supply and a surrounding shell inserted in the head and provided with an inner lateral port opening into the gas cavity, an'

outer lateral port covered by the shell, and

a series of annular intervening variable diameter reduced portions within the shell.

6. In combmationwith a burner head hav ing a clitting'oxygen supply port, a combustible gas cavity, and a suplemental extended shell, a burner tip within the shell having a central oxygen port a perforated key engaging a keyway in the burner tip and in the shell, a series of terminal delivery slots,

and an annular reduced neck at the middle portion of the tip providing a mixing cavity within the shell.-

7. In combination with a burner head having a cutting oxygen supply port, a combustible gas cavity; and a su plemental extended s ell, a burner tip within the shell having a central oxygen port, a perforated key engaging-a keyway in the burner tip and l in the shell, a series of terminal deliveryslots,

' .and an annular reduced neckat the middleortion of 'the ti'p communicating with the elivery slots an providing a mixing cavity within the shell.

8. In combination with a burner head hav# i ing a cutting oxygen supply port, a combustible gas cavity, and a supplemental extended shell, a burner tip within the shell having a central oxygen port, alperforated key engaging a keyway in the burner tip and in the shell, a series of terminal delivery slots,

and a series of variable diameter annularly reduced portions between the ends of the tip providing supplemental mixing chambers within the shell, the outermost chamber communicating with the delivery slots.

Intestimony whereof I hereunto afiix my signature.

i GEORGE C. QUEIQCH.

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