US1731265A - Tip for cutting torches - Google Patents

Description

Oct, 15,` 1929. G. c. ouELcH y TIP FOR CUTTING TORCHES Filed Aug.) 2s, 192e f -liigh Pressure oxygen sure oxygen, and a combustible gas for burn'- iliagn Patented oct. 15, 1929 XYGEN coni m o1 My 'inventionrefers to auf iinpioyenient in the class of cuttingf'tipsufortorches for the cutting of ferrous metals.

a In such torches',- which 'arenow-lar'ge 6 and commonuse, 'a priheating-'flaine fhigh 'isy usually provided with three supply pipesl or`condu1ts,`leading tothe terminal head 'ern-V the tip, providlng for the supply of for cutting, low v pres# ing therewith for preheating. p

n 'general practice', there are two inain fclassesofrtypesof tips utilizedvfirst', where forined between relation of the conducting ori "the combustiblenmixture ofwoxygen'pafnd fuel gas, for preheatingxis formed ory combined within the.v torch proper or Withinits head; second, where the.- combustible `mixture is balanced gasesl or' by roper i fices, or y in'- jector action Within' the torch tip itself, mounted 'in the surrounding head.- l c There are also variations in the terminal construction of the tip, which may be either plane acrossA the delivery end withall of the jet openings'eme'rging onthel same plane, or with the tip of the jet recessed, providing a forwardly extending'tubular shellfor protection of the preheating iiarne."y i v The plane end ti s are ordinarily` used for fuel gaseshaving a 'ndling or ignitingpoint below 600 C., such as hydrogen, igniting rwith an igniting point of 580 C., or acetylene Therecessed tips are ordinarily'use'd' for 3 'of a standard torch,

'uiting point fuel gases having a kindling or 1 yd'rocarbon above 600 C., asin the' case of'` NEWARK; N. I., A

conron'rIoN of" NEW JERSEY.

l as @ema ahah heef-y i` container af 4 andard for low or pressure containers. p In" theuse of such gases ,for metal, cutting with porches ofthe dass invlvemit has been necessary, and the practice i's'c'rnrnon in the .below th pressures usually @usi-ieee industry, to i atip' designated as a recessedt1'.`

o ject .of niype'sntfihvention Vis to proud@ 3i .ilttinggtorch tip for kth pilrPOS of seclliririg"alv "more stable vprehe'ating flame the 'gaseous mixture under uniformy v 'rassure to a point considerably in the rear o Ithe delivery end'of the'g'et, withy an appreciable enlar' ernent thereoffwhich is thereafter' eX- tendev to 'a' y int iinediately intherear of the end of t e tipj,ufndwith aufmal further enlarged delivery oieningfo'r .each hole. AIn

the constructionss invention .1s e

bodied@ .bothy of the mainv classes oftips aboveiidentiied, and ashereinafter more ful/lydescribed. y a v a `In the accompanyin drawin s, sliov'ving certain preferred enib'o imentso the inventi011$f" 1 "i" Figisia' sectional 'putting torch provided with niy improved IFi'g. 2 an enlarged `lon'giti'ldi'nal sectional view oflsuch tip, providingfor a'drnixture of eiewefrh head 'of a y jtlie combustion gas and oxygen within the tipitself;v f 1' upper portion, having the central high pressure oxygen passage 8 communicating with passage 5 and the surrounding plural ypassages 9 for the gaseous mixture, located equidistantly around the central oxygen hole and terminating at the end of the Jet. In my construction the inner or receiving end holes y 9 are branched as at 10 and 11, for communic: tion with the low pressure oxygen passage 6 and the gas passage 7 respectively. 4

By reason of such arrangement, there is an injector `action effected, the oxygen and gas entering holes 9 together and becoming mixed in their passage toward the delivery end.l

At a. point considerably in rear of the delivery end of the jet a, passages 9 are materially enlarged as at 12, backwardly of the end of the tip for say approximately threequarters of an inch, more or less. The delivery terminals of the several passages 12 are also further enlarged by thel flaring or bell-shaped delivery terminals 13, all delivering outwardly through the end of the tip on the same plane as the high pressure oxygen hole 8.

In the construction shown in Figs. 7 and 8, the tip b is constructed to secure the same results in effect by the utilization of gasmixture grooves 9?* of uniformy size, adapted to receive the oxygen and gas mixture as delivered within a. suitably constructed head, like head B, for introduction of the mixture to the grooves.

Tip b, within and beyond the head, is provided with an outer surrounding shell or enclosing tube 14 which confines the gaseous mixture until it reaches a common annular chamber 15, beyond which, for a short distance, are the reduced conduction grooves 9b. Said grooves 9b correspond generally to the passages 9 of the one-piece jet a, and communicate with the enlarged grooves 12b, and the filial further' enlarged or flaring emisslon grooves 13b.

The shell 14 fits tightly around the circular exterior of the tip, as in Fig. 8, and is provided wi-th corresponding grooves 16. maintained in register with grooves 12b by any suitable means. and terminal enlarged delivery openings forming the outer portions of the openings 13".

Tip I) is also provided with the usual central high pressure oxygen passage 8b communicating at the other end with high pressure oxygen channell 5 of the head.

The purpose of the first enlargement 12 or 12" of either construction is to reduce the velocity of the gaseous mixture flowing 4through the preheating holes, with a corredeliver the preheating gases through the end of the tip on the same plane as the emission jet of the high pressure cutting oxygen, Without the necessity of any shroudiiig or protecting tubular extension eyond the passage terminals. As a result there is no tendency for the preheating flame to be disturbed 'when the cutting jet of oxygen is operating, as is the case whenl such recessed tip is used.

My experiments with hydrocarbon gases, having high kindling or igniting temperatures, have shown that with a cutting equipment designed for gases of low kindling point, a flame cannot be held at the end of a plane tip, unless the fla-me were highly oxidized. Such over-oxidation is objectionable because it materially reduces the flame temperature.

When a hydrocarbon gas is mixed with a proper proportion of oxygen, to secure maxiburn continuously at the end of the tip, un-` less the volume is decreased to a fraction of the volume for which a given size tip was designed. l Such decreaseof volume is effected by lowering of pressure, so that a hydrocarbon gas of high ignition point will burn at the end of the tip if the pressure or velocity of the mixture at the point where the gases leave the tip, is thus lowered.

It is well understood that it is necessary to burn a comparatively large volume of combustible gas mixture in a small area in order to raise the temperature of the metal locally to the combustion pomt in the shortest possible time. Thelowering of pressure at the end o f the tip when effected only by al lowermg4 1 n volume necessarily decreases t-he capacity of a given size tip,fwith a consequent lincrease in preheating time.

In my invention I securethe desired lowery mg 1n pressure, without any decrease in volume of the hydrocarbon fuel gas mixed with the proper proportion of oxygen, and secure the maximum flame temperature obtainable. This result is directly due vto the enlargement of the individual jet passages themselves for a material distance backward-l ly of their emission terminals, in either of thev number and arrangement of the surrounding mixture passages may be changed or varied within the judgment of the designer or skilled mechanic, and with regard to the kind of Work to be performed and the gaseous mixture employed. I, therefore, do not desire to be limited to the particular construction shown, but to include such variations Within the scope of the following Claims.

What I claim is:

1. In a cutting tip for torches, the combination with a supply head, of a compound cutting tip consisting of an inner tip member having a central oxygen duct and outer longitudinal grooves, and a surrounding shell having longitudinal grooves registering therewith and enlarged attheir outer portions.

2. In a cutting tip for torches, the combination with a supply head, of a compound cutting tip consisting of an inner tip member having a central oxygen duct and outer longitudinal grooves, and a surrounding shell having longitudinal grooves registering there vwith and provided with. an intermediate and a final terminal enlargement.

3. In a cutting tip for torches, the combination with a supply head, of a compound cutting tip consisting of an inner tip member having a ycentral oxygen duct, an annularly reduced common mixing portion and longitudinal delivery grooves, and a surrounding shell having longitudinal grooves registering therewith and enlarged at their outer portions.

4. In a cutting tip for torches, the combination with a supply head, of a compound cutting tip consisting ot an inner tip member having a central oxygen duct, an annularly reduced common mixing portion and longitudinal delivery grooves, and a' surrounding shell having longitudinal grooves registering therewith and provided with an intermediate and a final terminal enlargement.

In testimony whereof I hereunto affix my signature.

GEORGE C. QUELCH.

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