US1829904A

US1829904A - Treatment of fibrous material

Info

Publication number: US1829904A
Authority: US
Inventors: Lilienfeld Leon
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1927-06-09
Filing date: 1927-07-25
Publication date: 1931-11-03
Anticipated expiration: 1948-11-03
Also published as: BE351699A; FR665665A; US1829905A; DE546350C; NL26543C; US1829906A; GB302115A

Description

Patented Nov. 3, 1931 UNITED STATES.

LEON LILIENFELD, or VIENNA, AUSTRIA TREATMENT OF FIBROUS MATERIAL No Drawing. Application filed July 25,1927, Serial N 'o. 208,402, and in Austria June 9, 1927.

Difiiculties are associated with the use of viscose or cellulose solutions as an agent for dressing woven textile materials or sizing yarn, on account of the fact that the fabric 5 or yarn which has been thus treated acquires a stil'hpaper-like and cold feel, and moreover its extensibility is rather low. Fabrics which have been dressed by means of viscose have also the disadvantage that the cellulose regenerated from the viscose applied to the fabric frequently undergoes rupture when the material is stretched or pulled,

owing to the difference between the coefficients of extensibility of the fabric and the coating, the result being that the coating exhibits numerous minute, or more or less coarse, cracks. Even in textile printing, particularly in pigment printing with viscose se/defects are apparent to an undesi able degree, and the viscose layers printed o the textile have a stiff feel, and. in many c ses become torn on being stretched, especially when they are not very thin.

This invention relates to a process for treating textile fibrous material (whether in the form of woven fabrics or of yarn) by dressing, sizing, printing,

like, by means of cellulose in dlssolved form (for example viscose or a solution of cellulose 3 in cuprammonia) from which cellulose can be or precipitated respectively, foregoing disadvantages are remedied the invention inwhich can be obregenerated whereby the minimized or eludes also the products tained by the process.

The invention consists in the application of the discovery that the properties of the dressing, sizing, printed layers or the like, which consist of, or contain, cellulose regenerated from soluble derivatives of cellulose, for example from viscose from a cellulose solution, for example in cuprammonia, which has been applied to the fibrous material, are improved, especially in respect of feel and extensibility, if the dress-. I ing, sizing or coating contains hollow spaces or bubbles dispersed throughout it, or throughout at least a part of it. These hol- 0 lows or bubbles may be produced by dressing, sizing or otherwise treating the material weighting or the or precipitated with a solution of a soluble modification of cellulose, for example viscose or with a solution of cellulose, containing a quantity of gas or of a substance capable of being caused to evolve a gas by a suitable treatment. Thus textile fabrics or yarns which have been dressed, sized or otherwise treated by means of viscose in accordance with the invention have a soft feel, even when the quantity of the dressing or the like is considerable. The dressing is much lighter, and more downy, and therefore resembles the natural fibre more closely than do the dressings produced in the usual manner from viscose'or cellulose solution which is free from gas, or contains but little gas. Fabrics or yarns treated in accordance with the invention have also a warm feel, and owing to the hollows in the dressing, sizing or the like, it is possible to produce even with small proportions of viscose or cellulose solution a" very full, rich dressing or sizing. Material treated in accordance with the invention has a good ca pacity for extension, and fissures or cracks do not occur when the material is pulled or stretched.

The hollow spaces may contain the gas, for example air or carbon dioxide, or the gas may be removed, wholly or in part, from them, forexample, by dissolution, or with the aid of an increased or reduced pressure.

In treating fibrous material in accordance with this invention a gas, for example air, hydrogen or nitrogen, may be emulsified in a solution of a soluble modification of cellulose, for example in crude or purified viscose or in a solution of cellulose, for example in cuprammonia, by known. methods, such as by injection, blowing, beating, agitation or the like; or the gas may be dissolved in the viscose or other solution with the aid of pressure. 1

Another method of operating consists in incorporating with the viscose or solution of cellulose a substance, for example an alkali carbonate, which is capable of evolving gas during the treatment for decomposing the viscose or precipitating the cellulose with an agent suitable for the regeneration or precipitation of the viscose respectively.

I The, viscose containing gas or a substance capable of yielding gas is then applied to or incorporated with a fabric or yarn, by hand, or by means of a suitable machine. In order to cause the viscose or cellulose solution to penetrate more deeply into the fibre, this operation may, if desired, be conducted under reduced pressure, or under a raised pressure. There may be added to the viscose or cellulose solution another coating or sizing agent, for

instance, starch, dextrin, albumen or gelatin a softening agent, for instance, glycerine,

soap, Turkey-red oil, glucose, castor oil, or parafiin oil; a filling material, for instance, talc or china clay; a pigment, for instance, zinc white, soot, or powdered mica; or a dyestufi', or any two or more of these substances. I

The cellulose may be regenerated from the viscose or precipitated from 'the cellulose solution in any known manner, by a suitable precipitating bath, or by other means, for instance, by heating, steaming, or merely by allowing the treated material to stand.

If it is desired to expel the gas, for example air, contained in the hollows in order to permit the walls of the hollows to cellapse, the gas may be removed for example by boiling with water, or by. treatment with water under pressure. If the gas contained in the spaces is carbon dioxide, it maybe dis solved partly in the precipitating bath, and partly during the subsequent washing operation.

The following examples illustrate some methods by which the invention may be carried into effect, the parts being by weight Example 1.-Air is injected into a viscose, made 1n any desired manner from matured or non-matured alkali-cellulose containing I about 5-7 per cent. ofcellulose on analysis, so as to produce an emulsion. A cotton fabric is dressed in known manner in a backfilling machine with the emulsion so produced, and the dressed material-is treated,

, in the wet state or after drying, by any precipitating bath known in the viscose art. The material is then washed, dried and finished in the usual manner.

Example 2.-Theprocedi1re is as in Example 1, but with the exception that tale is added to the viscose in quantity amounting to about 23 parts for each part of cellulose as determined by analysis.

Example 51-100 parts of sulphite-cellulose containing 9-10 per cent. of moisture, or 100 parts oflinters containing 7-8 per cent.

of moisture are impregnated at 15 C. with 2,000 parts of a solution of caustic soda of 18 per cent. strength. After 3 hours, the soda-cellulose is expressed until its total weight is 300 parts in the case of sulphitecellulose, or 340 parts in'the case of liuters, and comminuted in a shredding machine for 2 to 3 hours. Before the soda-cellulose resaeoe ture is allowed to react for 8 hours at-15.18

(3.; at the end of this periodany excess of carbon-disulphide which may be present is removed by blowing through a current of air for about 15 minutes, and the cellulose xanthate obtained is dissolved with the aid,

of a quantity of water, caustic soda and sodium carbonate, such that the solution produced contains 1,220 parts of water, 107 parts of caustic soda and 150 parts otsodium carbonate (reckoned as the anhydroussalt).

A suitable cotton fabric is dressed one or more times in a back-filling machine with the viscose produced in the manner just described, afterit has been filteredor strained, and in the freshly prepared state, or after it has aged for 18-96 hours at 15 C. The dressed material is then immediately or after having been dried, then introducedinto sulphuric acid of 10 per cent. strength, or into any other acid precipitating bath known in the viscose industry, and dried. It will be understood that the material may be desulphurized or bleached in any known manner (for example by means after which it is washed f of a solution of sodium sulphide) before or after it has been dried.

Ewample .l.-The procedure is as in Example 3, with the exception that the alkali cellulose is allowed to stand for a period of 48-70 hours at room temperature before being treated with carbon disulphide.

Emample 5.-The procedure is as'in Example 3 or Example 4, with the exception that talc is added to the viscose, for example,

from 10 to 30 parts of the tale per parts" of viscose.

Emample 6.The procedure is as in Exits ample 3, Example 4 or Example 5,with' the exception that there about 1-2 per cent. of or castor oil.

Ewample 7.The procedure is as in any of the Examples 3-6, with the exception that the is ,added to the viscose its weight of paraifin oil viscose has approximately the composition:

100 parts of parent cellulose, 1,260 parts of water, 67 parts of caustic soda, and 150 parts of sodium carbonate (reckoned as the anhydrous salt).

Ewample 8.--The1 procedure is as in any of the Examples 3-6, with the exception that the viscose has approximately the com sition:

100-parts of parent cellulose, 1,285p rts' of water, 43 parts-of caustic soda and 150 parts 0f1Sdll1m carbonate (reckoned as anhydrous sa t The viscose as used in any of Examples .3'8 contains about 6.5 to 6.7 per cent. of cellulosewhich can be determined by analysis,

sodium carbonate being neglected. There may, however, be used a viscose containing a smaller proportion of cellulose, for example, 45 per cent.

Example .9.'10O parts of a viscose containing sodium carbonate as used in any of Examples 3-8 are intimately mixed with 5-8 parts ogmica or with v parts of zinc white. cotton material is then printed with this mixture in a Rouleaux machine. The further treatment and finishing are conducted in the manner described in the preceding examples.

Examples for sizing yarn follow from the I foregoing examples.

In carrying out the invention, instead of viscose, there may be used a solution from which cellulose may be precipitated, for example, a solution of cellulose in a thiocyanate solution such as calcium thiocyanate solution, a

solution of cellulose in ammoniacal copper oxide solution, a solution of cellulose in an aqueous solution of caustic alkali containing urea, thiourea, or guanidine.

Fabrics and/or yarn dressed or sized respectively, with viscose or any cellulose solution, according to the present process, are under the microscope different from fabrics oryarn filled or sizedaccording to the processes known hitherto with viscose or cellulose solutions. The difference consists in the following: The small cellulose film particles that are on and between the fibres of the fabric or yarn, when produced after the present process, contain hollow spaces and have consequently a spongy structure, whilst the small cellulose film particles formed on and becording to the processes known heretofore, do not possess the spongy structure characteristicof fabrics and yarn treated after the present process. j Even if fabrics and yarn dressed or sized respectively, after the processes known hereto ore, with viscose or any cellulose solution have been after-treated on the so-called breaking machines, the cellulose film particles deposited in or on the fibres show, under the microscope numerous rents, butnot a spongy structure characteristic of fabrics and yarn treated according 'to the present process. j It is to be understood that the term applying to the fibrous material includes any manner of application to the a rial, whether by manual or mechanical means customary for dressing, sizing, filling, impregnating, coating, weighting or printing a fibrous material, whether in the state of Woven fabric or in the state of'yarn. The expression fibrous material in the specification and claims includes.wherever thecontext permits, any spun or woven fibrous material, whether animal or vegetable (for example, flax, linen,. hemp, ramie, jute, wool, and particularly cotton) in the form of pure fabrics or in the form of mixed fabrics, or in the form of yarn in skeins, cops or warps.

The expression cellulose means in the description and claims: cellulose and its near conversion products, such as cellulose hydrate, hydrocellulose and oxycellulose.

The processes as herein described are claimed in my copendin applications Serial Number 305,875, filed September 13, 1928, and Serial Number 393,828, filed September 19, 1929.

The expression precipitated cellulose in the following claims includes wherever the context permits,"regenerated cellulose.

Having thus fully described the nature of my said invention and the best means I know for carrying the same into practical eifect, I claim 1. As a new product, fibrous material associated with regenerated cellulose within which are contained hollow spaces containing at least one gas. v

2. As a new product fibrous material associated with regenerated cellulose within which are containedhollow spaces containing substantially no gas.

3. Cotton material associated with regenerated cellulose within which are contained hollow spaces, the composite material having an appearance and feel resentbling those of pure wool material.

4. As a new product, fibrous material carrying cellulose which, under the microscope, shows numerous hollow spaces.

5. Asa new product, fibrous material carrying cellulose which, under the microscope, shows a spongy structure.

6. Asa new product, fibrous material carrying precipitated cellulose which,-under the microscope, shows numerous hollow spaces.

- 7. As a new product, fibrous material carrying precipitated cellulose which, under the microscope, shows a spongy structure.

8. As a new product, fibrous material carryin whic under the microscope, shows numerous hollow spaces.

9. As a new 'roduct, fibrous material carrying on and tween its fibres cellulose which, under the microscope, shows a spongy structure.

10. As a new product, fibrous material carrying on and between its fibres precipitated cellulose which, under the microscope, shows numerous hollow spaces.

microscope, show numerous hollow spaces.

1 13. As a new product, fibrous material associated with cellulose films which, under the microscope, show a spongy structure.

14. As a new product, fibrous material associated with films of precipitated cellulose on and between its fibres cellulose which, under the microscope, show numer'-' ous hollow spaces.

15. Asa new roduct, fibrous material associated with s' of precipitated cellulose I which, under the microscope show a spongy structure.

'16. As a new product, fibrous material associated with films of cellulose on and between the fibres, which films, under the microsco e show numerous hollows aces.

As a new product, fibrous material as sociated with of cellulose on end; he-

.tween the fibres, which s, under the mic-. roscope, show a spongy structure. w 18. As a new "product, fibrous material associated with films of precipitated cellulose on and between the fibres, which films, under the microscope, show numerous hollowspaces.

19. As a new product, fibrous material :associated with films of precipitated cellulose .on and between the fibres, which films, under the microscope, show a s ongy structure.

In testimony whereo I have signed my name to this specification, 25, DB. LEON LHJIENFELD.