US1826479A - Compressor for refrigeration apparatus - Google Patents

Description

Oct. 6, 1931. E OWEN 1,826,479

COMPRESSOR FOR REFRIGERATION APPARATUS Filed March 21, 1929 -2 SheetsSheet .1

Oct. 6, 1931. c. E. owsNs 4 COMPRSSOR FOR REFRIGERATION APPABATUS Filed March 21, 1929 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 3 W am M W C fig. 5.

.tented Oct. 6, 1931 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE L CEPHIS E. OWENS, OIE DIETROI1, MICHGN COMPRESSOR FOR REFRIGERATIN APPARALUS Application filed Match 21, 1929. SerialNo. 348,698.

' V paratus with3new and novel means for si-.

lencing the action of the gas discharge valve thereof.

Anotlier object is to provide a mechanical refrigeration compressor with a gas discharge valve having an oil cushioning means for silencing the operation of the same.

Another object is to provide a mechanical refrigeration compressor with a gas discharge valve having an oil trap which allows a free passage of gas, but traps a large percentage of the oil which may be discharged With the gas in order that the trapped oil will flow around the valve to cushion the same and provide a silencingmeans.

With the foregoing and otl 1er objects in view which will be apparent from the detailed description to follow, this invention consists in certain novel features of construction and combination of parts which will be readily understood by those skilledin the art.

In the drawings which illustrate a suitable embodiment of the present invention,

Figure 1 is a front elevation of a refrigeration compressor condenser unit of the air cooled type, portions beihg broken away to show the construction of the same;

Fig. 2 is an enlarged vertical section of the head of the compressor cylinder taken substantially on the line 22 of Fig.3;

Fig. 3 is an enlarged plan view of the head for the compressor cylinder;

Fig. 4 is a front elevation of a refrigeration compressor condenser unit of the Water cooled type, a portion of the dome surrounding the condenser being broken away to show the exhaust valve and associated parts;

Fig. 5 is an enlarged plan view of the compressor cylinder head, showing the cap which encloses the exhaust valve; and

Fig. 6 is a vertical section taken substantially on the line 66 of Fig. 4.

Referring to the accompanying drawings in Which like numerals refer to like parts, the compressor as shown in Fig. 1 comprises a with the normal valve opening.

crankcase 1 which carries a rotatable shaft 2 having a crank 3 mounted thereon, a cylinder 4 secured to the crankcase 1 and extending into the opening thereof, and a piston 5 adapted to reciprocate in the cylinder 4, the piston 5 being connected to the crank 3 by means of a connecting rod 6.

The upper end of the compressor is closed by means of a cylinder head 7 as shown in Fig. 1, which is formed with an upwardly extending annular portion 8 having a central opening 9 which leads to the discharge opening 10 of smaller diameter, the connecting metal being inclined to provide an inclined valve seat 11. The annular portion 8 is formed with a plurality of vertical openings 12 which lead to the central opening 9 through passageways 13, as shown in Fig. 2, adjacent the discharge opening 10. A cupshaped valve member 14 preferably formed from sheet metal is positioned within the central opening 9 and has a free sliding fit therewith, the lower circumferential edge 15 of the valve 14 being chamfered so that the valve is adapted to seat against the inclined bottom 11 and normally close the central opening 9. The valve 14 under normal operating conditions mises from its seat 11 from six t0 eight th0usandths of an inch and is provided with' a suitable stop member 16 which is adapted,' under abnormal operating conditions to allow the valve 14 t0 raise more than the normal opening. The stop 16 is positioned Within the valve 14 and is spaced above the bottom of the same, a suitable distance corresponding The stop 16 is provided with'a stem 17 which extends upwardly througha spring retainer 17a carried by a bar 18 which is secured by screws 19 to the body of the annular portion 8. The 99 valve 14 is normally held against its seat 11 by a compression spring 20 which snrrounds the stop 16, the ends of the spring 20 abatting against thebottom of the valve and the spring retainer 17 et. The stem 17 of the stop 16 is adapted to slide in the sprin retainer 17 (L and is provided with a pair 0 adjusting nuts 21 on its upper end. A. coil spring 20a which requires greater force to compress the same than the spring 20, sur 1 rounds the stem 17 and the ends of the same abut against the stop 16 and the spring retainer 17e. The spring 20a norrnally ho-lds the stop 16 in position under normal operating conditions of the valve 14 and functions 14 so as to allow the refrigerant gas which is compressed within the cylinder 4 by the piston 5 to escape from the compressor cylin er. A cylindrical member 22 is telescoped with the annular portion 8 of the cylinder head 7 provided thereby, the tubular member 20 proand extends Well above the same substantially as shown in the drawings, and is provided with a head member 23 which forms a chamber 24 above the cylinder head 7 to enclose the exhaust valve 14 and for receiving the compressed refrigerant gases. A central opening 25 is formed in the head through which the refrigeraht gas fiows to the condenser unit 26 through a suitable metering valve 27 and conduit 28. The condenser unit 26 is supported upon a fan housing 29 which carries a rotatable cooling fan 30. The fan 30 is mounted upon a vertical shaft 31 which is connected to one end of the rotor shaft 32 of an electric motor 33. The other end of the rotor shaft 32 is connected by suitable reduction gearing 34 to the shaft 2 which rotates the crank 3 to operate the piston5.

The discharge connection 35 of the condenser unit is connected by means of a suitable Conduit 36 to a dome 37 which surrounds the compressor cylinder 4 to provide a chamber 38 for receiving liquid gas from the condenser unit 26. The dome 37 extends over the head 23 of the tubular member 22 which surrounds the annular portion 8 of the cylinder head 7 substantially as shown in Fig. 1. The outlet conduit 36 which connects thedischarge connection of the condenser unit with the dome 37 enters the dome in close proximityto the tubular member 22. This inlet 39 is positioned above a trough 40 which extends circumferentially around the tubular member 20 in the vicinity of the chamber 24 v1ding one wall of the trough.

When the refrigeration apparatus is in operation,,refrigerant gas and oil is drawn from' the refrigerator v evaporator (not shown) into the crank case through the inlet port 1? on an up-strokeof the piston 5 and then on the piston doWn-stroke is passed through a valve controlled port 5 in the pistou into the compression chamber. This 8 are staggered and not in direct line,

mixture that is thus admitted into the compression chamber is compressed upon the upward or compression stroke of the piston 5 and is forced through the discharge opening 10 in the cylinder head 7, the pressure within the cylinder being sufiicient to raise the valve 14 from its scat 11 and uncover the passageways 13. The gas and oil forced through the opening 10 in the cylinder head 7 is directed by the bottom of the exhaust valve 14 through the passageways 13 into the vertical openings 12 and into the chamber 24 provided by the tubular member 22. It can be seen that because the openings 12 in the annular portion 8 are not in direct line with the openings 25 in the head 23, that the flow of gas through the opening in the head Will not be restricted, but because the opening 25 in the head 23 and the openings 12 in the annular portion a large percentage of the oil Will strike the head 23 so that it is defiected, and falls back around the cup-shaped exhaust valve 14, filling the same and the central opening 9. Sufiicient oil is defiected at all times so that the space above the bottom of the valve 14 and a considerable space in the chamber 24 is filled with oil which provides an oil film or cushion between the valve 14 and the stop member 16, as shown in Fig. 2. It canbe seen that the noise occasioned by the valve striking the stop Will be materially lessened by the oil cushion between the stop 16 and bottom of the valve 14.

The refrigerant gas, tioned, flows through the opening 25 in the head 23, passes through the metering valve 27 and enters the condenser 26 through the inlet conduit 28 and fioWs through the same. The fan 30 which is operated by the electric motor 32 meanwhile draws air downwardly around and between the condenser coils 45 to cool the refrigerant gases entering the condenser 26, the air Which is draWn through the condenser being discharged through the ports 46 in the fan housing substantial] as shown in Fig. 1. The refrigerant gas OW- ing through the condenser is consequently liquefied and leaves the same at the outlet connection 35 and returns through the outlet conduit 36 to the dome 37 surrounding the compressor cylinder 4. The liquefied refrigerant enters the dome 37 through the inlet connecti0n 39 and falls into the trough 40 surrounding the tubular member 22, the tubular member 22 forming o'ne wall of= the trough. The li uefied ref1igerant overflows the trough and alls into the dome chamber 38, Where it is conducted through a suitable outlet port to the refrigerat0r evaporator (not shown). The trough 40 surrounding the tubular member 22 in the zone of the chunber24 above the gas discharge valve 14 is filled with the liquefied refrigerant at all times.

as previously men-' V coils 49 are positioned t surround the cylinder, these coils being connected to the crank case through ports 49 which are in turn connected with a source of cold water supply. The li uid surrounding the cylinder 48 is trappe ofi through a port 48 in the crank case 1 into a suitable conduit 48". The cylinder head 50 is provided with a cap enclosure 51 threaded on the annular portion 52 thereof, which provides a chamber 53 above the exhaust valve 54. This cap enclosure. 51 is provided with a plurality of openings 55 in the conical top thereof, Which are not positioned in direct line with the opnings 56 in the annular portion 52, but are staggered in respect thereto so that a large percentage of the oil discharged with the refrigerant gases Will strike the top of the cap enclosure and will be deflected back into the cup-shaped valve member 54, the gases being discharged through the openings 56. The oil in this 'case, similar to the case previously mentiohed, fills the cup-shaped valve 54and the central opening within which it operates, so that as the valve is opened .upon the compression stroke of the p1ston, the oil provides a cushion between the bottom of the valve and the stop member 58 which eliminates the noise occasioned. by the valve striking, the stop member 58 during the opening movement of the valve 54.

It is evident to those skilled in the art that the oil cushioning means provided by the pressent invention rovides a verysatisfactory means for si encing the operation of the gas exhaust valve.

Aside from' the specific embodiments .of the invention herein shown and described,

it.will be undrstood that numerous details of construction may be altered andomitted without departing from the spirit and scope of this invention, and it is not intended to limit the invention to the exact construction set forth, as it is desired to claim the invention broadly as well as specifically, as indimovement of said valve, and an enclosure surrounding said valve and providing a. chamber for receiving gas and oil from said compressor, said closure being constructed to permit gas to discharge. from said chamber A and to deflect oil into said oupehaped valve,

. whereby said valve may be cushioned against said stop member during opening movement.

2. In a refrigeration apparatus, a gas com presser, a head therefor, havin an outlet opening, a valve for said openmg, a stop member limiting the opening of said valve, an enclosure carried by said head providing a gas receiving chamber above said valve for receiving refrigerant gas and oil from said compresser through said valve, and an outlet port in said enclosure for allowing gas to discharge from said chamber, said enclosure being adapted to defiect oil back to said valve to cushion the same during its opening movement for eliminacing operation noises.

3. In a refrigeration apparatus, a gas compressor havin a discharge opening, a cupshaped valve or said opening, a stop member limiting the degree of movement of said valve positioned above the bottom of said valve, a guide for said valve, gas and oil passageways adjacent to said guide and leading to said opening, an enclosure surrounding said valve and passageways and providing a gas and oil receiving chamber thereabove, and gas discharge ports in said enclosure disposed out of the planes of said passageways whereby gas may be discharged therethrough, said enclosure being adapted to deflect oil into said cup-shaped valve member so that said oil engags said stop up0n opening movement of said valve for cushioning said valve t0 lessen operation noises thereof.' A

4. In a refrigeration apparatus, a gas compresser, a head for said cylinder' having a discharge opening,an annular upwardly extending portion on said head, a central opening in said annular portion coaxial with said discharge opening, said portion being form ed with gas discharge openings, passageways in said portion connecting said openings with said central opening, a cup-shaped valve slidably positioned in said portion for opening and closing said discharge opening, a stop member positioned within and above the bottom of said valve; a compression spring engaging thebottom of said valve for holding said valve in normal closed position, au enclosure for said head providing a chamber above said valve and upwardly extending portion, for receiving gas and oil discha.rged through said central opening, and outlet ports in said enclosure staggered in respect to said gas discharge openings, the

oil and gas being discharged from said gas CEPHIS E. OWENS.

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