US1825843A

US1825843A - Apparatus for compressing and expanding fluids

Info

Publication number: US1825843A
Application number: US287871A
Authority: US
Inventors: Zimmermann Hans Joseph
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1927-06-25
Filing date: 1928-06-23
Publication date: 1931-10-06
Anticipated expiration: 1948-10-06

Description

Oct. 6,. 1931. H. J. Z IMMERMANN APPARATUS FOR COMPRESSING AND EXPANDING FLUIDS 2 Sheets-Sheet; 1

Filed June 72s. 1928 Fig.2

Fig.1

Oct. 6, 1931. H. J. ZIMMERMANN 1,325,843

APPARATUS FOR COMPRESSING AND EXYANDING FLUIDS 2 Shouts-Sheet 2 Filed June 23, 1928 Fig Fig.3

Patented Oct. 6, 1931 UNITED STATES HANS JOSEPH ZIMMERMANN, .OF MANNHEIM, GERMANY APPARATUS FOR COMPRESSING AND EXPANDING rLuins Application filed June 23, 1928, Serial No. 287,871, and in Germany June 25, 1927.

My invention relates to air refrigerating machines under isothermic, or substantially isothermic, conditions. To this end I subdivide the volume of fluid into a plurality of comparatively thin layers and connect each layer with a good heat conductor.

For instance, I may secure to the piston head, or to the cylinder head, a plurality of vanes or partitions of metal or other good in which the vanes are secured to the cylinder heat conductor, and provide a volume of liquid in which the vanes are immersed to a greater or lesser extent during the complete stroke of the piston. Rapid heat exchange is effected by subdividing the volume of fluid and by connecting each unit of volume with a good heat conductor, as described.

It has already been suggested in isothermal air compressors to provide heat-exchang ing-means on the piston and on the cylinder head, and a liquid in the cylinder, for the purpose specified, but in this compressor separate means are provided for cooling the liquid while in my invention the liquid itself is relied on for absorbing the heat and for transferring it to the cylinder walls, or any other part which is in contact with a cooling medium. Obviously, my machine is much simplified as compared with the compressor aforesaid by the elimination of separatecoolin g means for the liquid and by providing a normal cooling jacket or the like on the cylinder. Besides, my invention relates to air refrigerating machines, and not to compressors.

Air refrigerating machines heretofore have not been adopted on account of their poor efficiency. Practically all modern refrigerating machines are operated on the vapor-compression system in'which the poor efficiency of the-compression is not as important as in air refrigerating machines. On the other hand, air refrigerating machines have the good feature that they do not require any chemicals for their operation. By operating such machines in accordance with my method, the drawback of poor eificiency is eliminated and the air refrigerating machine is enabled to compete successfully with the vapor-compression machine.

In the drawings affixed to this specification and forming part thereof, two types in which my method may be performed, are illustrated diagrammatically by way of example.

In the drawings, Figs. 1 and 2 are axial sections taken at right angles to each other throughthe cylinder having vanes secured to its piston, r

Figs. 3 and 4 are' corresponding sections head.

Referring first to Figs. 1 and 2, a is the cylinder, 6 is its piston, 0 is its crank, d is its connecting rod, f is a cooling-water jacket surr'ounding'the' cylinder, 9 is the suction 1 valve and h is the delivery valve, 21 and hare the suction and delivery passages, respectively, ande are blades or vanes of good heatconductingmaterial secured to the piston head. The cylinder a'is filledwith liquid to Y,

such a level that in the lower dead centre position of the piston 72 some clearance is left between the piston head and the liquid, as required. The'length of the vanes 'e. is such that they are permanently immersed in the ,7 liquid duringthecomp'lete stroke of the piston, that is, theirlower ends must still be immersed in the liquid when the piston is in its upper dead centre position; 4

Referring now to Figs. 3 and 4, identical parts have been marked withith'e same reference numerals as in Figs. 1 and 2. In this case the cylinder at is arranged above the crank shaft and the vanes e are not secured to the piston head but to the cylinder head 1, projecting downwardly toward the piston. In this instance the liquid is moving with the piston and itsvolume is such that the vanes Fe remain immersed in the liquid inany position. The liquid acts as an extensionof' the piston and care should betaken that clearance be provided between the level of the liquidand the cylinder head when the piston b is in the upper dead centre position.

In operation the fluid which the piston compresses, is broken up into a plurality of comparatively thin layers which rapidly give up their heat to the vanes and to the liquid in which the vanes are permanently immersed.

I Wish it to be understood that various changes may be made in the details disclosed in the foregoing specification Without departing from the invention or sacrificing the advantages thereof.

I claim:

1. Inian-aircompressing machine, the combination of a cylinder, a piston adapted to reciprocate in said cylinder, partitions of heat-conducting material subdividing the space of said cylinder into a plurality of chambers, and means for cooling said cylinder on the outside.

2. In an air compressing machine, the combination of a cylinder, a piston adapted to reciprocate in said cylinder, partitions of heat conducting material on said pistoufor subdividing the space of said cylinder into a plurality of chambers, andmeans for cooling said cylinder on the outside.

3. In an air compressing machine. the combination of a cylinder, a piston adapted to reciprocate in said cylinder, partitions of heaticonducting material in said cylinder for subdividing the space of said cylinder into a plurality of chambers, and means for cooling said cylinder on the outside.

4'. In an air compressing machine, the combinnvion ofa'vertical cylinder, a piston adapted to reciprocate in said cylinder, a body of liquid at thebottom of said cylinder. heatconducting means on the bottom of said pistun adapted to move within said body of liquid while said piston reciprocates, and means for cooling said cylinder on the outside.

5i In an air compressing machine, the combination of a vertical inverted cylinder. a pistonadapted'to reciprocate in said cylinder, a body of liquid supported by, and reciproeating with said piston, the volume of said being so determined'as to compress air between the liquid and the bottom of said cylinder, and meansfor cooling said cylinder on' the outside.

6. 11mm air compressing machine, the combination of a verticalinverted cylinder, a piston adapted to reciprocate in said cylinder. heat-conducting means on the bottom of said cylinder, a body of liquid supported by and reciprocatingwith' said piston while in contact with said heat-conducting means, the volumeofsaidhody being so determined as to compress air between the liquid and the bottom of'said cylinder, and means for cooling said cylinder on the outside.

In'testimony whereof I aflix my signature.

HANS JOSEPH ZIMMERMANN.