US1824776A - Railway crosstie - Google Patents

Description

Sept. 29, 1931. H. M. HADLEY RAILWAY CROSSTIE Filed March 11, 1930 45 hereinafter, all of which-contribute to Patented Sept. 29, 1931 y .t NTED Hoi/LER RADLEY; or SEATTLE; WASHINGTON l nAiIlWAx cRoss'rIE Appncatin fried naranja/1930. y*servira No. 434,863. 4'

This invention relates to constructions in In the drawings:

which an upper member must be secured to 1 a base member' or support, and the invention is particularly adaptable to situations in 5 which the base member is molded, for example, constructions employing lconcrete or cement in which an upper'member must be secured immovably on the concrete.

While the invention is applicable in various situations, it is particularly useful 'when embodied in the construction ofmolded articles such as concrete railwayv ties or similar articles. l Q

The general object' of therinvention is to improve constructions of this type and to provide simple means -ior effecting a connection as suggested above without necessitating the molding of fixed bolts in the molded article, l L

v1s a -feature of my inventionand which 1s one of my purposes being to overcome the objection to such moldedr bolts that if Athey be-k come broken they can not readily be replaced.

One of the objects of my invention is to provide a constructionrwhich will enable an attaching boltto be' readilymounted in a molded article suc'has a cross tie, and also to provide simple means to cooperate with the bolt to enable it to operate effectively as a holding-down bolt. 'Y *f l y A further object of theinventionis to vproduce a molded cross tie having a construction which operates to reduce the amountlof material used in the cross tie and at the same time increases the eiiciencyrof the cross'tie when laid in a railway road-bed.- f

A further object of the invention is to provide a construction. for holding down an upper member, such as agrailroadrailf,on a'base by means so related that any tendency ofthe held-downmember .or rail to move, increases 40 the clamping effect of holding-down means.

Further objects 0f the invention Wm ap; pear hereinafter. i Y i The invention consists in thepnovel kparts and combinations of l.parts to 'be'. described produce an eilicient railwaycross tie'. .Y

A preferred embodiment of theinventionis described in the following specification, while the broad scope of thefinventionispointed 5.0 out in the appendediclaimspc- L I `Figure lis aplan ofa portion of a railway tie embodying my invention, yone end of the tie being broken' away; this view also shows a short portion of a railroad rail lying'on the cross tie and broken away, the web ofthe rail being shown in horizontal section.

`l`Figure 2 is a sideelevation of the cross tie villust-rated in "Figure 1 and illustrating my holding-downmeans vand its relation to the rail, a portion otwhich is shown in cross-section together with some of theparts. A portion loi? the cross tie is shown broken away `and atone side of the rail theholding-down means isfillustrated in side elevation. Y

Figure 3 is a vertical' cross-section through y the 4 cross tie-'taken on the line 3-3 of Figure l. Figure 4 is a perspective of a bolt which used with a base member such as a embodying my invention.

Before proceeding to a tion ofthe invention as applied to' a cross tie,*it should be state'dfthatwhere bolts are employed embedded in concrete or the like `for holding down upper members or structures, and where the situation is such that the projecting'ends of the bolts may become injured in shipment rorgin use, great inconvenience is encountered in removing'the bolt from the concrete. For example, concrete cross ties have been employed' in whichbolts lwere molded permanently'in the concrete withfprojecting studs, but it is difficult, to havethese studs -aligned with suicient acl curacy'to enable them to operate effectively for holding' the rail base in position. It is desirable in such a construction to have some meansk in connection with the `fastening 'means for enabling it t0 be adapted to special situations; or'example, on curves where the rails are not straight and theV edge of the rail iange may not be located exactly in its ideal position to cooperate'with a fixed fas'- tening bolt. My invention is intendedl to overcome these diiiculties' andto provide a simple construction whereby a boltcan be readily appliedl inthe concretebase member such as` a' 'cross tie after the ibase' memberV or tie has beenmolded. Y i' detailed descrip# The invention involves the use of a socket extending into'the molded piece from its upper face and this socket is formed so that its axis'is disposed on a helix. The helix is preferably of relatively high pitch and may be either left-hand or right-hand in character.

As applied toa railway cross tie, one of my purposes has been to 'provide a construction such that tendencies of the rail tol move on the tie will have the effect of tightening up the grip of the fastening deVcenthef same' substantially rectangular cross-.section i is employed. At intermediate kpoints between thel rail seats the cross tie is formed with heads, such as the'head 4, which are also, of rectangular cross-sectionthe same as the ends and .at the seats 3. of the tie,

In order to economize the molding 'mate rial andalso to4 give the tie improvedquali- .ties `whenV in use in a road-bed, I provide the 4tie,y on opposite lsides with' a plurality of ,pockets Thesepockets are relatively deep and extend into the side ofjthe tie nearly to the axis ofthe tie so that at the pointe where these pockets 'are locatedthe tie has the typical I-shaped cross-section illustrated in Figure 3.' Any suitable reinforcing `meansv 6 may be employedinconstructing the tie; in the present instance thereinforcing includes narrow loops 7 of wire connecting elongated relatively heavy longitudinal bars 8 thatare located in the heads of the I- (see Fig.` 3).

llt-.points where the tiehasa rectangular cross-section, I employ rectangular .loops9 ofr wire which extend around on the interior of the tie as illustrated in Figure 3, an-Qdpass around longitudinal corner rods 10. of 'larger diameter j At eachrail seat 3anfd on opposite sides of the location of. the rail 11, I provide the body of the tie with two bolt sockets 12. These sockets are formed ,so thatLt-he axis ef .the soclzet'isd-isposed along a helix and .preferably the Lsoclret extends all the way through to the bottom of the tie so as-toform Va bottom opening ,13 on the under side of the tie. I L

This. socket 12 emerges on the upper face of the tie to form an elongated orlell'iptical Aopening la, the longitudinal `axis of-jwhich disposed at right ang-les tothe longitudinal Vaxis of the rail. This opening 14 is located so that with reference to the axis 15 of the helix it is disposed toward the center of the tie. In order to give the greatest possible strength in the construction, it is preferably located toward the center line of the tie, the socket being located to one side of the longitudinal axis of the tie (see Fig. 1). Furthermore, 'there isjpreferably a vcertain relation between the character ofthe helix and the location of the opening 14, as will appear moreA clearly hereinafter.. As illustrated in Figure 1, for example, the helix is lefthand in character, so that if an object were passed into the opening 14 it would move in an anticlockwise direction in passing down into the helix.V

f In Figure 4 I illustrate a bolt 16 that I employ with this socket, This bolt has a body which is disposed in. a helix; of the same pitch and characterras the socket 12, the

upper end of thel bolt terminating in a substantially straight stud 17, which is intended to cooperate'with h0lding.down means to engage the article, such as a rail flange, that is to be secured to the base member or crossl tie. This stud 17 is preferably provided with ordinary screwthreads to receive a nut 18.

lVhen molding the cross tie a helical mold ing form havingV the shape illustrated in Figure 4; is embeddedy in` the molded body and just as the material commences to set this forming member is removed by drawing it outwardly and at the same time rotating it on the axis of the helix. In this way these helical :sockets- 12 can` be readily molded in the concrete tie.

Any suitable means may be provided to cooperate with the projecting stud 17` to enable it to hold dow-n an upper member on the base'member `or. cross tie.

In the present instance, in order to hold down, the flange 1 -9 ofthe rail, I provide a washer 0r lug 20 to cooperate with each projecting stud'. Each washer 4has a nose 21 to project over the edge .of the rail tlange and formed to fit to the same, and furthermore, each lug is preferably formed with an elon 'gated opening such as a slot 22l that fits to the side of the sit-.ud 17. In order to back up. the lugand 'held it against the edge of the ange, Ijpnefer to employ one or more sh-ims of crescent shape, vsuch as illustrated atfthe shim 23 in Figure l. A. similar' shim 24k is'illustrated in .F igune 2 and shown in cross-sectiou- If @the -openings, fsueh as the opening 14, are located near-.the longitudinal axis of the tie, I prefer to useza of lefthand character.

In fastening :the rail down onto the tie, it is put in place im a position on thevrail seat 3 andthebolts lzare screwed down into their sockets. 12, andthelugs. and' nuts 1S .applied .as indicated. Referringtov Figure l, it will be .euidient when. the parts are in place, if there any tendency ofthe fao raam

railtoI shift toward the ileft, thereby exert-J inglpres'sure on the lug 2O (see Fig 2) tending to displace the lug toward'the left, this will cause thel shim 2ljto pressagainst the inner side taceof the stud 17;` lThis tends to rotate the boltl ina directionjto carry it further down into the helicalsocket and this will increase the pressure'of the nut 18 on the upper face or the lug. Furthermore, if Ithere is'any tendency of the railr flange to lift, this will produce an'upward pressure on the side of the nut 18, and this tends to pull the bolt out oi' its socket. Pullingthe bolt out of the socket, however, tends to produce" a'movement of the stud 17 towardthe rail, and this increases the gripping power "of the nose of thedog ontheedge of the vrail ange. l y j f `When thetie Iis in use inthe road-bed of the track, the ballast 25 extends into the pockets, 5, vand this gives a considerable weightl of ballast exerting its weight on'the bottom faces 26 of the pockets, thereby holding they tie more securely in the road-bed`.-

` Fur-thermore,` if there is any tendency o the 'tie to rock laterally on its longitudinal axis, this rocking movementis lconsiderably resisted by the facesv 26 and also by thev upper faces 27 that form the upper walls ofthe' pockets. vThis form of cross-section orthe tietherefore'holds thetie very rigidlyin they Vroad-bed v and; effectively resists any p'umping action oi' the tie 'which' might occur by lthe :passing over of heavy rolling stock.

ltwill befevident that when there is an upward. pull on thestuds 17, there might b e' a tendency torthe concrete yto'chipoli? or break near the point Where the helix emerges from the helical socket, For this reason itis preferable" to provide reinforcements such as indicated' bythereinforcing wires 28.

-These Wiresare in the form of long links, the upper end of each link forming a lloop 29 around the helical socket near its upper end. nThese remforcmg'links extend 1n a diagonal direction, crossing each other under the middle of the railseatpas indicated in Figures 1and2. c 1t is understood that the embodiment of the invention described herein is only one of the many embodiments this invention may take, and I do not wish to be limited in the practice of the invention, nor in the claims, to the particular embodiment set forth.

TWhat l claim is:

1. A railway cross-tie consisting of an elongated molded body having a plurality of pockets formed in the side acesthereof to receive ballast when the tie is laid in the roadbed, said cross-tie having a plurality of sockets formed in the upper face thereof and extending down into the interior of the tie, the

'axes of said sockets-being disposed in a helix,

and bolts having helical bodies screwed into the sa id sockets, said bolts each havinga stud at its upper endiprojecting substantiallyvertically tocoopeate'with' means for engaging the rail flange.'rv Y 'f i' 2. A railway'cross-'tie consisting of an elongated molded'- body having av Vpluralityv of pockets formed in the side faces thereof to receive ballast Whenthe tie is laidV in the roadbed, said cross-tie having a plurality of sock-` ets vformed in the upper face'thereof and extendingdown into the interior of the tie, the axes of said sockets Ybeing disposed in a helix,

rail-*holding bolts having helical bodies screwed into the saidfV sockets, said bolts each having a stud at its upper end proJecting substantially vertically, to cooperate with in a helix and emerging on the upper'face of thetieat said seat to form an opening in l the upper face of the tie located toward the s ide'of the tiewithreference'to the axis of thehelix, 'viande a bolt/received in the socket having a'helical body adapted tof'be'screwed {into thehelix through: the said opening, said bolt having a threadedstud at its upper end, a nut received on said stud, and clamping means on thestudiunder ythe'nut'for engaging the flange of the rail. 4. A railway' cross-ti elongatedl concrete body `with 'a rail seat 'formed thereon toward each'lend'of the tie, said body at said rail seat having a bolt-socket extending 'down r'with its'axis' disposed in a helix and emerging on the y-upper face of the tie at said seat toform` anl opening in the upper face ofthe tie located toward the side of the tie with reference to'the axis ofthe helix, and a bolt received Iin the socket having a helical body adapted to be screwed intothe helix through the said opening, said l efconsisting of an bolt havinga threaded stud at its upper end,

anut received on said stud, and clamping means on thestud under the nut for engaging the flange of the rail, said opening and said helix being so-related that when the bolt is substantially' seated the stud will be moving around the axis of the helix away from the middle portion of the rail seat.

5. A railway cross-tie consisting ofLan1 elongated, concrete body with av rail seat l iormedfthereon toward each end of thetie,

said bodyat salidz'rail seatjhaving aj bolt socket extending downl into the ,same, the axis of said socket being disposedinta-lhelix and emerging eetl-.1e upper-fared the. tie gto dorm anoponing located toweidftzheeide of the tie with reference to the axis of theohelig andja boltheving e belieellbody reee-ivedin the .Seid socket through the said opeuing, .Said -bolt having va threaded etudat its upper end, .a nut lreoeived'on said stud., .and a holdingfdownlug -IteCeVod ou the stud undertjhe mit having a nose yto projectoren the .flange of thezrail- ,16. A railway, -cross-.tie .consisting of .an elongated Conor-ete k.body with e' railv seat iormed thereon toward each end o Vthe tie, Said body at said rail seat yhaving a 4loolt socket extendingdown into thesarne., the axis of. said soeket being' disposed in ahelx and emerging on the upper .faeeof .the tie to forni ah, opening looated towardthe. side of the tie with reference-Lto .the axis of the helix, and a .bolt having a helical .body received in the .saidY soolret .through the said opening, said bolt having a Vthreaded stud ,at its upper end,

mit received @Il said stud, and a holdingdown lug received on the studnnder vthe nut having a lnose to proj ect over the fla-nge of the rail, said lilgdhavin-g an .eloI-igated.opening .therein toreeeivge .thee-tud .anda shim loeated in the opening between the stud and the end of the rsaid opening to back-up thelig against theiedgefof the rail flange.,

7. A .railway cross-'tie kConsisting .of an elongated; molded body with a rail Seat lorrned thereon toward eaohenld of Y.the tie., Said body .atsaid/,r-al Seat .havine'fja bolt socket-extending. down into the lsaine.,'said i socket having its exile disposed in obelix-and emerging on the' upper fece oaf the tie at said seat." 55g A railway .orossetie consisting of an elongated moldedbod7 with a rail seat formed thereon-toward each end` of the tie, said body at. :saidrail seatfhaving la bolt socket extend'ngxdown into the same, Seid socket having its axis vdisposed in, a helix and emerging ontheufpper face of the tie at. said seat, anda .bol-t having L-llelieal Abody received in the said. ,socket and havin-g .e threadedstud at its .upperend projecting up ronithe upper fece o iffthetieg; i

9. A moldedfmember having a .socket extending into the same through itsl face, said socket having itslaxis disposed in av helix, `and a )bolt having a hel-iea-l bodyreeeived in thesaid socket sand having a substantially straight extension at -its :outer end projecting :from the said .face to cooperate with holdingdow-nmeans, l v. i.

l0.. Av .railway @ross-tie yconsisting of an 4elonga.ted moldedbodyhaving a plurality-of ll. A yroilrwey .cross-tie of en elongated body with rail sea-te, formed of .reinforced Concrete having e solistential ree- -tang-ular erosseeotion .et :its ends, at. the rail sea-ts and at e plurelity .of points located between the `rai-l Seats, @and llaYing a plnrglity of pockets formed on .theside faoes .thereof to lrfoeive ballast when the teis leid inthe roade v12- A railway c-.rossftie eonSisti-ug of en elongated molded body with .e rail seat formed thereon toward each end of the tie, Said .body et `seid .rail Seat .having :a bolt socket extending .down into the same., .Sai-.d

socket having its axis disposed in .-3, helix and f emerging on the upper .feeeof the tie at said seat, and reinforcing means embedded .in the cross-tie and reinforcing the saidsocket near its point-o emergendo .on vthe upper face of the Cross-tie..

113.- A; railway emes-tie consisting of en elongated molded .body with .a rail .seat formed .thereon toward each `enolfof the tief Said bodya-.t said reilfsemt lievi-nge boltsoeket extending .down .into theV Same, .Sa-id socket having its arie .disposed yirre helixand emerging .ontheupper fece of 'the .tie .at Sai-deeat., a bolt having a .threaded-studet itsV vupper end -proj-eetiugup from the upper feoe of the tie,

-andreinforeeg inermel in. .the form of e link embedded in. the erossfte and having a loop .extending over the upper portion of the heli- @el body of Zthe bolt djaoent lthe stud.

14.., railway cross-:tie Consisting .of an elongated molded body having a .plurality of poelrets formed iu theeide faces thereof., Said pockets operating toreoeive bal-last' when the tie. .is leid. Yin the roedebed, the idees .oif seid pockets cooperating with the. .le2rl/lest-1toy hold the. :tie the .position in which it vis leid the .ir-foadfbed, seid .cross-tie vleaving: a pair of Socke-.ts `separated .fromeaeh other on a Line inclined .to theaxfis of the tie end 'located re.- .spect-ivel-y adjacent eaoh end of .the tie, to reooi-ve fasteners loeated respectively on opposides-oithe rail when leiden ithetie.

.Signed at. .Los Angeles., rGaliforexia, this 21st Yday of February, 1980.

M. RADLEY.

pockets formed inthe sidefaees thereof Yto receive bal-Last when lthe :tie .is Ylaid in the. road- Ebed, ysaid crossrtie having a plurality of sockets formed inthe upper face thereoffand YeXtending*down :into vthe interior of .the tie, the axes .of said sockets being disposed in a .llfifghpimhuhgljjx .i y

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