US1821892A - Wall structure - Google Patents

Description

Sept 1931' H. P. c. KEULS WALL STRUCTURE Filed Feb. 24, 1951 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR.

ATTORNEYX- Sept 1931" H. P.'c. KEuLs WALL STRUCTURE Fliled Feb. 24, 1931 3 Sheets-Sheet 2' 7 7 J6- INVENTOR. J/QKM BY ATTORNEYS] Sept. 1, H- P. c KEULS WALL STRUCTURE Filed Feb. 24, 1951 ssneets-sneet s I N VEN TOR.

' ATTORNEYJ,

Patented Sept. 1, .1931

' UNITED. STATES PATENT. OFFICE HENRY I. C. KEULS, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO SEALED JOINT CONSTRO'CTION CORPORATION, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK WALL STRUCTURE Application filed February 24, 1931.

This invention relates to wall constructions as made up of building blocks, such as bricks, tiles, stone or composition wall units, and the like, which are laid with mortar or other suitable binder material between them, forming joints, and the object of the invention is to seal the joints between the blocks in such a manner as to prevent the passage, seepage or penetration of water or moisture through the joints, either entirely or substantially so.

It has been found in the erection of walls of buildings, more particularly those in which bricks are used, that, due to the char- 1 acter or condition of the mortar of the joints between the bricks, or to the manner in which the mortar is applied or distributed, or to the amount used, or to other causes, water or moisture will penetrate and pass through the joints, more especially, where, in rain storms, the rain is driven by high winds against the faceof the building. The water thus leaking through the front wall structure. enters the inner wall structure, and finally finds its way rooms. and causes such damage thereto as to require in many cases, the entire refinishing of the walls and other repairs, to the great inconvenience and discomfort of the occupants, as well as expense. In remedying this condition, it has been necessary for 'work-' men to point up practically all of the joints in the front wall, and in large buildings now so frequently erected, the expense of such repair work is very great, as high in a recent case within my and even then not entirely remedying the fault. Under the present invention, means are provided forsealing, or practically sealing, the joints in the wall, against the passage or seepage of water therethrough, as the building of the wall progresses, which is effected by the incorporation in the joints, of scaling strips of suitable material, in such manner that these strips will, in cooperation with the mortar or other binder of the joints, form aharrier against the passage of the water. therethrough', and will either entirely eliminate such passage of water, or reduce the same to a negligible minimum.

t0 the 'finished walls of horizontal tion with knowledge, as $250,000.00;

Serial No. 517,803.

'My invention therefore consists of the improved wall structure, which will be described in detail in the specification to follow, and

the novel features of which will be pointed out in the appended claims.

In the accompanying drawings:

F ig. 1 is a front elevation of a portion of a wall embodying my invention, partsbeing broken away and other parts being shown in section, in order to better illustrate the in" vention; i

Fig. 2 is a'perspective viewof one of the building blocks or bricks of which the wall is composed, showing the preferred form of the same which adapts it for use in carrying out the invention;

Fig.3 is a perspective view of one ofthe sealing strips for incorporation in the horizontal joints between the courses of wall' blocks;

Fig. 4 is a similar view of one of the sealing strips for the vertical joints between the individual blocks of the courses;

Fig. 5 1s a fragmentary perspective view of a waH structure embodying angularly related walls, showinghow the invention is incorporated in the corner of said structure;

Fig. 6 is a perspective View of oneof the corner blocks or bricks for use in a wall of the form shown in Fig. 5; v

Fig. 7 is a perspective View of one of the sealing' strips for'use in conneca corner block of the form shown in Fig. 5; Fig. 8 is a perspective view of a header brick or block, such as are used at, certain points in the wall. structure to tie the front and rear walls together;

Fig. 9 is a fragmentary perspective View of a wall structure of the so-called American bond,.having my invention emboded there- 1n:

Fig. 10 is a front elevation of a wall of the so-called Flemish bond, having my invention embodied therein;

Fig. 11 is a horizontal of the same 1 Fig. .12 is a sectional elevation on an en-' sectional plan View with the addition of a superposed course of stretcher blocks.

Fig. 13 is a similar view on the line 1313 of Fig. 9, with the addition of a superposed course of structure blocks;

Fig. 14 is a plan view of the same Fig. 15 is a fragmentary perspective view of one of the blocks, and a sealing strip of modified form applied thereto.

Referring to the drawings:

As best shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the wall structure embodying my invention is made up of courses of building blocks or bricks 1,

preferably of the form shown in Fig. 2, where it will be seen that the brick has formed in it acontinuous open groove 2 extending entirely around it lengthwise and centrally thereof, thereby forming horizontal grooves 2* in the upper and lower sides of the brick, and Vertical grooves 2 in the ends of the same. When bricks of this form are laid end to end, in courses one above the other, with mortar 3, orother suitable binder material between the bricks in building a wall of the form shown in Fig. 1, the end grooves ,of a brick will aline with the end grooves of adjacent bricks, and the ,upper and lower grooves of the bricks of a course will alinewith the corresponding grooves of the bricks of the adjacent courses, so that there will be produced, vertical composite grooves l between the ends'of theindividual bricks, and horizontal composite grooves 5 betweenthe course of bricks. These composite grooves communicate with the horizontal and vertical points-respectively between the bricks,

and are adapted to-receive respectively, hor-,

izontal sealing strips 6, preferably of the form shown in Fig. 3, and vertical sealing strip 7, preferably of the form shown in Fig. 4, which strips are embedded in the mortar of the respective joints and extend into the grooves of adjacent bricks, and therefore act in connection with the mortar of said joints as barriers or seals against the flow or seepage of water through the joints.

These sealing strips may be made of any material impervious, or substantially impervious'to water. such for instance, as cop per or galvanized iron, or other appropriate material possessing this characteristic. and the vertical strips 7 are of a width to bridge the mortar joint between the .ends of the bricks and to extend into and overlap the walls of the alined vertical grooves therein, While the horizontal strips 6 are similarly of a width to bridge the horizontal joints between the sides of adj aeent bricks and t extend into and overlap the walls of the alined grooves in the sidesof theadj acent bricks, all as best shown in Figs. 1, 1-2, 13 and 14.

As shown in Figs. 1, 5 and 9. the horizontal strips 6 overlap the upper and lower ends of the vertical strips 7, as at 8, and the adjacent ends of the horizontal strips overlap each other, see Figs. 5 and 9, thereby forming around each individual brick and in the vertical and horizontal joints, a continuous barrier made up conjointly of the vertical and horizontal overlapping strips embedded in thernortar of the joints, and thereby constituting an effectual seal for said joints.

In erecting a wall to incorporate such sealbetween, the length of these strips being such a that they will project at their upper ends a short distance above the upper faces of the bricks; and horizontal sealing strips 6 are placed in the alined horizontal grooves 2 of the several bricks of the course, and are preferably disposed as above mentioned," so that they will overlap the upper projecting ends of the verticalstrips, and their inner ends will overlap each other at points between the ends of the bricks, the upper edges of these strips projecting a short distance above the upper facesof the bricks and substantially flush with the. upper ends of the vertical strips, as shown in Fig. 1. A layer of mortar is now spread over the upper faces of the bricks soas to cover the projecting portions of the'horizontal and vertical sealing strips, and sufficient in quantity to constitute the horizontal joint between the twocourses. Another course of grooved bricks is now laid on this bed or layer of mortar and lined up with the bricks of the first course, and the workman by tamping the bricks down slightly, will cause the upper projecting edges of i the strips to be received in the grooves in the undersides of the bricks; and these operations are continued in laying the bricks of the succeeding courses. As a result, the vertical and horizontal sealing strips will be embedded in the mortar of the joints, and will extend into the grooves of adjacent bricks and into the mortar therein, which mortar will enter to a greater or lesser extent into said grooves as it is applied to the ends and sides ofthe bricks. as above described.

Header bricks 10 for incorporation with 5 Flemish bond, as shown in Fig. 10, the horizontal portions of the front transverse grooves of the header bricks will aline with the longitudinal grooves of adjacent stretcher bricks to receive the horizontal sealing strips, and the vertical portions of v the front grooves of the header bricks will aline with the vertical grooves in the sides 7 Y of similar header bricks, 01' the vertical central groove in the header brick is for the purpose of enabling the brick-layer to separate the brick into two equal sections for usein certain kinds of brick work.

On reference to Figs. 5 and 6, it will be seen that the wall structure there shown embodies two angularly related walls 13, joining eachother in a corner, and to adapt the invention to this corner portion of the wall, propose to employ in some-cases an L-shaped corner block or brick 14 as shown in Fig.

-6, where it will be seen that horizontal grooves 14 are formed in the upper and lower sidesof the brick, which grooves intersect at their inner endsat each side of the brick, and vertical grooves;14 are -formed in the ends "of the brick. The location ofthese grooves is such that the end grooves will aline with the end grooves of adjacent bricks when'the L-shaped brick is laid in the corner of the wall, as shown in Fig. 5, and the side grooves of the L-shaped brick will aline with similar grooves in similarly L-shaped bricks when these bricks are laid one upon the other; or

will aline with the side groves of stretcher bricks when the latter are alternated-vertically with the'L-shaped bricks.

Angular sealing strips 16, preferably of the form shown in Fig. 7, maybe used to seat in the angularly related grooves 14* of the L-shaped bricks, as shown in Fig. 5, the ends of which angular strips will overlap the endsof the straight horizontal strips 6 seated in the horizontal grooves of adjacent stretcher-bricks; or in place of such an angular strip, two straight strips may be seated in the angu'larly related grooves and be abutted at their inner ends to form a sealed corner.

It will be manifest that instead of employing horizontal sealingstrips of a length to extend only from one block or brick to another. as hereinbefore shown and described, longer strips may be employed, so as to take in three or a greater number of bricks, without departing from the limits of the invention.

The use of the term building blocks in the claims is intended to be generic to all forms of bllock-like building units, such as bricks, blocks of stone or composition stone.

or the like, solid or hollow tiles, etc., etc., and

the invention is applicable, as will be obvious,

to such diflerent forms of building blocks or units to seal the mortared joints between them, although the invention has especial and peculiar application to building 1 blocks in the form of bricks.

Also the use in the claims of the term mortar in defining the material of which the joints between the bricks are composed, is meant to include also all other forms of binder material, such as cement, concrete, or other "compositions in which building blocks may be laid in the formation of wall structures; and the use of such other materials is clearly within the scope of the invention as expressed in the claims hereof.

While in the foregoing description and' accompanying drawings I have set forth the invention in the particular detailed form which I prefer 'to, adopt, in respect to the construction of the parts, it will be understood that these details may be variously changed and modified by the skilled mechanic without departing from the limits of the invention; and further, it will be understood that the invention is not limited to any particular form or construction of the parts, except in so far as such limitations are specified in the claims. I

It may be advisable in order to maintain the horizontal strips in upright position in the horizontal grooves in the bricks, before the mortar is applied, to provide the strips with horizontal supporting pins 17 in position to rest on the upper face of the brick at the sides of the groove, as shown in Fig. 15.

hese pins will act to prevent the strip from falling sidewise in the t groove out of proper posi 1on. a

I claim is:

1. In a wall construction, the combination of courses of building blocks disposed one over the otherand each block provided with a continuous groove extending entirely around the samelengthwise thereof,, the groovesof adjacent blocks being alined with each other both at the sides a same, mortar between the ends and sides of adjacent blocks and constituting vertical joints between the individual blocks and horizontal joints between the courses of blocks, vertical sealing strips embedded in the mortar of the vertical joints and extending into the grooves in adjacent blocks to seal said "ertical joints and horizontal sealing strips embedded in the mortar of the horizontal joints and extending into the grooves in the side of the blocks to seal said horizontal joints.

I '2. In a Wall construction the combination iao of building blocks laid end to end in courses,

said blocks being provided in their sides and ends with grooves, wit-h the grooves of one block in alinement with the corresponding grooves of the adjacent block, mortar between the blocks forming vertical joints between the individual blocks of a course,and horizontal joints between the courses of blocks, vertical sealing strips embedded in the mortar of the vertical joints and extending into the alined end grooves of adjacent blocks, and horizontal sealing st'rips embedded in the mortar of the horizontal joints and extending into the alined side grooves of adjacent blocks, said horizontal strips overlapping the ends of the, vertical strips. v

3. In a wall construction, the combination of building blocks laid end to end in courses, said blocks being provided intheir sides and ends with grooves, with the grooves of one block in alinement. with the corresponding grooves of the adjacent block, mortar between theblocks forming vertical joints between the individual blocks of a course, and horizontal joints between the courses of blocks,

vertical sealing strips embedded in the mortar of the vertical joints and extending into the alined end grooves of adj arent blocks, and

horizontal sealing strips embedded in the mortar of the horizontal joints and extending into the alined side grooves of adjacent blocks, said horizontal strips overlapping the ends of the vertical strips, and the said'horizontal strips overlapping each other at their ends.

4. In a wall structure, the combination of angularlv related walls made up of grooved building blocks having mortar between them and having hdrizontal and vertical sealing strips embedded in said mortar and extending in the grooves, L-shaped building blocks at the corner of said walls, provided each in its upper and lower sides with angularly related'horizontal grooves adapted to aline with the grooves in adjacent similar L-shaped blocks and horizontal angular sealing strips adapted to be seated in the alined angular grooves and to be embedded in the mortar between the said blocks, said L-shaped blocks being provided in their ends with vertical grooves alined with the vertical grooves of adjacent building blocks, and vertical sealing strips seated in said alined vertical grooves and embedded in the mortar between the blocks,

5. In a wall construction, the combination of courses of building blocks disposed one over the other and each block provided with a continuous groove extending entirely around the same, the grooves of adjacent bloc {8 being alined with each other, binder material between the blocks constitutingwer tical joints between the individual blocks and horizontal joints between the courses of

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