US1820901A - Boiler - Google Patents

Description

2 sheets-sheet l .1. g-B, BERNHARD BOILER Filed April 18. 1929 50 rvr-Fl @Wl m fi f L 3,@ m .IW Mi m 4. VxVL.T-.. TL B t L r U M vf M J M V .L ua we l. f IW/ i lv 3 @A .o *I i. \M n 10V- a a w o n THMHMW 4 +3 f/ FWHM 4f 6 w H HNIHM.. 1V!) M a 7 @5 w 3 z 3/I a 3 2 o 4 u au 2 i W w 2 2 swept. l, 1931.

A-vLZ Sept. 1, 1931. .1. B. BERNHARD BOILER Filed April 18, 1929 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 22 f/ ze Jo hn 5. @ern/mrd Patented Sept. l', 1931 1 UNITED STATES JOHN B. BERNHARD, OF STONLEIGH, MARYLAND BOILER w l Application filed April 18,

My invention relates to boilers.

' The principal object of my invention is to devise a boiler which is constructed to insure a complete mixing of the combustible gases with the entering air and a consequent eicient combustion through subjecting the flow 'of the gases to frequent changes of direction, and further to secure an intimate contact of the hot gases with the heating surfaces of the boiler, with a View ofimproving the heatJ absorptive capacity of the unit.

A further object is to devise a boiler as above described which comprises an increase in the amount of heating surface relative to units of similar type and in which a large proportion lof this surface is disposed substantially normal to the flow direction of the hot gases, breaking up the gas currents and extracting therefrom the maximum available heat. l

A'furthervobjectisto devise a boiler of i the above type whichy is characterized by ka quick heating response, a free water circulation-,ample water capacity, and an absence of "anytendency to 'prime or 'drive the water out of the unit, if the latter is used to form steam. f

-' -A further object is to devise a boiler of the character described, and particularly one of the so-called sectional type, in which the composing sections may be manufactured at aminimum cost,fand labor, and which are susceptible of easy assembly, to meety a wide range of operating conditions, `whether p steam, vapor, or'hot water.

My improved boiler iscomposed of a predetermined number of sections 1 between which the hot gases pass on their way to the stack. In each section, theheating surfaces ar'elarger in area thanindicatedby the overall dimensions thereof and are mutually dis posed to frequently deiiect theflow direction ff 'of the hot gases while passing therebetween.

vFrom this construction results two advantages; first, a thorough mixing of the combustible gases'fwith the entering air and a consequent promotion of the mostl efficient combustion, and second, a positive relation of the heating surfaces to the hot gases which operates to break up the latter and to extract rtact with the heating surfaces of the sections 1929.' Serial N0. 356,198.

therefrom the maximum amount of heat.v l

The water content of each section is suticientyly small in relation tothe amount of heating surface to insure quick steaming and a continuous rapid transfer of heat to the lwa- 55 ter, but without any danger of driving the water out of the sections, owing to the eiiicient mode of circulation, as hereinafter described. The hotgases are retained in cona period of time sufficient to insure their complete combustion and an extraction of the utmost heat value therefrom. Other advantages of my improved boiler will appear in the subsequent explanation thereof as set 6 forth in the following specification,v refera ence being had to the accompanying drawings, and the novel means by which said objects are etfectuated will be definitely pointed out in the claims.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a sectional side elevation of my improved boiler, as viewed along the line 1-1 in Fig. 2. w

Fig. 2 is a section along the line 2-2 in 75 Fig. 1, looking in the direction of the aiV- rows, the smoke box being omitted.

Fig.y 3 is a front elevation of ythe boiler on reduced scale, showing the relation of the front, end and intermediate sections.

Fig. 4 is an enlarged section along theline 41E-4: in Fig. 1, looking in the direction of the arrows, showingt-he relation between an adjoining pair of sections in respect of their kheat-ing surfaces and flue passage ytherebetween.

Fig. is an enlarged section along the line 5*.5 in Figi, showing the relation between a pair of adjoining sections in respect of the deliverypassage to the smoke box.

Fig. 6 is a sectional side elevation of the" lower portions of the front, back and side sections, showing the means foreffecting a circula-tion of water therebetween.

The numeral 10 represents my improved 9b n boiler, which for purpose of illustration wili -be denoted as a steam type, and which inis defined by a front wall 16, a rear wall 17 and sidewalls 18 of any approved construc- Y A hollow front section, or lmountedV above the grates 21 and comprisesof the boiler, but have been set forth in rdetail as illustrating one type of operative environment. merous changes may be made in'these elements as conditions determine, one such Ychange being the substitution of gas or oil It is contemplated that nuburners for the grates 21 as a source of coinbustion.

water leg, 22 is openings 23 and 24 which are closed by the doors 13 and 14, respectively. At the eppo- Y site end of the boiler is a plurality of back water sections, or water legs, 25, also supported abovev said grates and extending thereabove for a predetermined distance.

I yThe sections 25 communicate with each other adjacent their respective bottoms by means of nipples 26 and at the tops thereof by meansof nipples 27. As shown in Fig. 2,v

the back of the boiler is formed by an association of individual sections, but it is contemplated in actual manufacture to combine the same yinto a single unit covering the entire back of the boiler in the same manner that the section 22 covers the front end thereof, as shown in Fig. 3. i Y

Bridged between the sections-22 and 25 are a plurality of end, or side,and intermediate sections with which the flue gases come into contact during their passage through the unit and which accordingly include the principal heating surfaces of the boiler. type of construction shown in Fig. 1, the sections 22 and y25 are spaced su'liiciently apart to permit the placing therebetween of 'pairs of said end and intermediate sections,

the sections in each group of pairs being disposed end to end. For purpose of illustration, the end and intermediate sections ad-y jacent the section 22 will be termed front secj tions of the corresponding typey and thosev i adjacent the sections 25 will be termed rear 'Y sections.

`Accordingly, the numeral 28 Vdenotes the front side sections, the numeral 29 the rear side sections, the numeral '30 thelfrontintermediate sections, and the numeral 31 the rear intermediate sections. Figs. 1 and 2, the sections 28 and 29 have approximately the same height as the front 4section 22, whereas the intermediate sec- For the v nipples 43.

tions and 31 do not extend below the upper edge of the opening 23, this arrangement forming the usual combustion space below Yofthe intermedia-tesections comprises a pair of vertical, end 'columns 32-32 which are connected vat the bottoni of the section by a duct 33, the thickness of said columns and ductbeing approximately the same for a purpose hereinafter explained. At the-upper end of said columns, the section is enlarged te form achamber34which serves as a combined steam and water space and with which said columns communicate.

Aplurality of hollow fins project from. one side of the bodyv of said section, spaced from each other and parallel with the lower edge of the section. Two of said hns, denoted by the numeral 35 extend across the length of the sectionA and project therefrom the same distance, while the remaining and uppermost iin 36 termina-tes short of the frontcolumn 32. and projects from the section greater distance than the fins l,35, all of these features beingprovided for apurpose hereinafter explained. The shortening of the fin 36 forms an opening 37 at the forward end of the section when the latter is assembled with otliersec'tions in the boiler.

A plurality of openings 38 are formed-.i through the body of the section .within the margin defined by the columns 32, duct 33 and chamber 34, andy above and below the fins 35 and 36.. In addition, the portion of the section within said margin is'depressedy so that the thickness thereof is'less than that of said columns and duct for a purpose hereinafterexplained, the provision of the openings 38 forming'walls. 39. which act as stays to resist the lateral, bursting pressure in the interior of the section. n s

' As already indicated, each of the side sections 28 and 29 areidentical with thelintermediate'section above described, so faras the upper portions thereof are concerned. The latter `differ only in respect of thedependent portions which encl'osezone side of the combustion space.` i j The side sections28and 29 communicate with each other and withvthefront section i 22 andthe back section 25 at the upper ends thereof. by' means of nipples 42,'preferably .i disposed above the water line oftheboiler,

and at the lower ends thereof by nipplesV .41. Similarly, theintermediate sections 30"' Si and31 communicate with each other and with As shown in.V

the sections 22 and 25at the upper ends thereof by nipples 42, also preferably. disposed above the water line,`and at vthe lower-ends by 'vWhen thefbo'ilher i'sfbi1ilt-,'thev front yand back sections 22j and25v are mounted in the usual jmanner and the side 'and intermediate sectionsi28', 29, and 30,"31,-respectively, are disposed in groups :of- 4pairs inA end toend relation, successivegroups across the boiler'being varrangedwith the tins 36'of each group .contacting with' the adjacent surfaces 45 ofthe adjoining group ofsections. This disposition 1spacesltheintermediate Lsections from each other and from the left group 'of side sectionsyasviewedy in Fig. 2, to `formV a plurality of gas passages 46. The right group jof` side sections, asviewedin said tigure,'are reversed in position 'relative to the left group "andare disposed witliithefins 36 touching each othertoform a gaspassage 47 lof slightvly f greateriwidththanthe passage s 46. yIn yorderfto assist in deflectingthe hot gases Awhile :passingffbetween the sections, the intermediate sections 30 and 31 have formed on the *su`rfaces45 thereof a pair of'spaced, parallel lribs 44'extending across the length of the sections and disposed'so that onefrib is llocated slightly aboveeach one ofk the fins on thel side or intermediate section immediately adj aoent. Asa result of the foregoing construction, the gas passages 46 and 47 are provided with a plurality of baffles which act/to control the movement of the hot gases was more fully i described hereinafter.l

""- 4 `.In addition to the arrangement heretofore f 1 described, the rear side and intermediate sec- Y dicated by the numeral 54 andan appropriate fuel bed supported on the kgrates 2l, the combustible gases rising from said bed will pass upwardly through the passages 4.6 and 47 between the respective sections until they strike the fins 36 when they will be deflected through the passages 37 at the end thereof and caused to make a-.tra-verse across the length of each section between the tins 36 and the undersides of the chambers 34 of each section. In this connection, it will be understood that the sides of the chambers 34 in each group of sections are placed in contiguous relation with the sides of the sections of the adjoining groups, thus denying the passage of gas upwardly therebetween and confining its movement as before stated. This general movement of the gas is identical between each pair! of section groups and the gas is ultimately directed through the several channels 48 ,to the smokefbox 49.

During the passage between the sections, it is evident that the'tlow direction of the gas l will be lsubjected to Afrequent deflections by the ' ins 35 and 36 and the Aribs 44, creating substantially a wave motion of thegas. In relationto this movement, the various heating surfaces of the' sections are disposed. so

as to be substantially normalto the iow of the gas at any indicated point, thus insuring the most effective break up'of the gas and the abstraction therefrom ofthe utmostheat value. Moreover, the frequent changein direction of the gas promotes a thorough mixture of the combustible gases ywith the entering air and thereby securing a complete" burning thereof.

Owing to the difference in thickness of the columns 32 and the portions ofthe sections enclosed thereby, the absorption ofheat .by the water in the depressedportions,will be more rapid than that by the water ini the columns., resulting generally in a circulatfon` of water in each 4sectionrwhichy is down through the columns 32 and np Through the depressed portion, the steam being liberated at the surface 54 in the chambers 34; The rate of heat absorption is further enhanced by the factthat the total heating` surface of each section is largerthanthat indicated by the overall dimensions thereof. Despite this favorable condition-for efficient heat transfer, there is no possibility of the water being driven Vfrom the sections, under forced. firing, by reason of the relatively large capacity of the back water-legs 25 which serve substantially as water tenders for the side and intermediate sections and the provisionfor free and rapid circulation between said legs and sections.; In View of the rapid steaming capacity ofthe unit, the-chambers 34 are made sulhciently largeto Vpromote va satisfactory disengagement of the ysteam fromkr the water at the surface of the latter, thus obviating any danger of foaming;

l As before statedthe character of themovement ofthe gases between the sections not only secures the 'complete combustion thereof,L but the length of the fire. travel also insures that suflicienttime is allowed to obtain the maximum heat value of the gases without affecting the maintenance ofva proper ,draft through-the boiler. l 1 .j

From a manufacturing. and operating standpoint, my improved boiler is character- 'ized bycertain important advantages. The

similarity between the sections simplifies the pattern nccessitles and the castlngY thereof,

while the sections may bc easily assembled as hereinbefore describedlat lowcost. ,In

cleaning'and repairs.

lVhile I haveshown one set of elements and ends thereof.

combinations thereof for eifectuating my improved boiler, it wil-l be understood that the same are intended forV purpose of illustration only and in nowise to restrict the device'to the exact forms and structures shown,'formany changes may be made therein-without departing from the spirit of my invention.

I claim f Y l. A boiler havingside and intermediate, water-containing sections, each section comprising upright end, upright intermediate, andtransverse ducts, all of said ductsbeing in communication, said side sections having 'depending water legs. communicating with the ducts ofthe corresponding sections, front and rear water legs communicating with all ofsaidsections, the intermediate sections being/disposed `above the source of heat and the walls-of a tire box. Y

Y 2. A boiler having a series of watercoutainingsections:v arranged side by side, each Y said side, front and rear water legs defining 'section comprising upright end and upright intermediate ducts, and transverse ducts placing the upright and intermediate ducts in communication, vsome of the upright ducts being of uniform cross-sectional area throughout and the remaining upright ducts vof progressively increasing cross-sectional area, and va water reservolr commumcatmg with said sections only at the upper and lower 3. A boiler having a series of water vcontainingv sections arranged vside by side, each section comprising upright end and upright intermediate ducts, andV transverse ducts placinguthe end and intermediate ducts in communication, someiof the. upright ducts being of uniform cross-sectional area 'throughout and the remaining upright ducts of progressively increasingV cross-sectional area, and front and rear waterlegs constituting a water tender'and in communication with said sec- -tionsv only`at`fth'e lower and upper ends itheret.y

4. A boiler having aseries -of water containing sections of relatlvely small volume and flarge surface area of which eachV com- "prises upright end ducts ofumform cross-sectional area throughout, upright intermediate ducts of progresslvelyI lncreaslng rcross-sectional 'areay and transverse ductsplacing the throughout, intermediateducts of progressively increasing cross-sectional area ,and transverse ducts placing the end and mtermediate ducts In communicatiomthe end and steam chambers, and water legs of relatively large volume aslcompared with said lsections and injcommunication with the latter only at the lower ends and at the steam chambers,

said water legs being inV Communication with.;

each other. Y v

6. A boiler having a series of water.v containing sections arranged side by side, each section comprisingupright end vand upright intermediate ducts, and transversel ducts placingthe endandintermediate ducts in communication, the endV ducts yand transverse ducts being of uniform cross-sectional area throughout and the intermediate ductsV of eachv of said sectionsbeing enlarged atitsupper end to provide a. steam 'chamber with which said upright ducts are in communication, and water legs 'in communication with the sections only at the lower ends thereof and at the steam chambers, said water legs being in communication with each other only at their upper and lower ends.

7. A boiler having a series of water containing scctions arranged side byside, each;

section comprising uprightfend-and upright intermediate ducts,` and transverse ducts placng the end and intermediate ducts in communication, the end ducts being of uni-v form cross-sectional area throughoutand thefA intermediate ducts of progressivelyncreas-V ing cross-sectionall area, said sections being formed-at ltheir upper ends with steam chambers with which said upright d ucts comter legs being in communication with each other at their upper and lower ends.

intermediate ducts communicating with said;

progressively increasing crossfsectional area,n

lao

municate, and water legs in communicationallOri with said sections only, ati the lower ends ythereof and at the steam chambers, said wa- In'testimony whereof, Iaiiixmy signature.; 10

lendh and intermediate ducts` in communical' volume and larger surface area andcomprising end ducts of uniform cross-'sectional area

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