US1815779A - Coiled filament and process of making it - Google Patents

Coiled filament and process of making it Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US1815779A
US1815779A US565231A US56523122A US1815779A US 1815779 A US1815779 A US 1815779A US 565231 A US565231 A US 565231A US 56523122 A US56523122 A US 56523122A US 1815779 A US1815779 A US 1815779A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
wire
crystal
coiled
filament
helix
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US565231A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Koref Fritz
Moers Kurt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Co
Original Assignee
General Electric Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by General Electric Co filed Critical General Electric Co
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US1815779A publication Critical patent/US1815779A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
    • H01K3/00—Apparatus or processes adapted to the manufacture, installing, removal, or maintenance of incandescent lamps or parts thereof
    • H01K3/02—Manufacture of incandescent bodies
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
    • H01K1/00—Details
    • H01K1/02—Incandescent bodies
    • H01K1/14—Incandescent bodies characterised by the shape

Definitions

  • Helical or coiled filaments for incandescent lamps consisting of a single crystal of high melting metals, such as tungsten, have been made by starting with a wire which consists of a single crystal and winding this single crystal wire into a helix or cylindrical spiral.
  • single crystal wires of high melting metal such as tungsten
  • incandescent lamp filaments in flattened or straight form are distinguished by special stability and by invariability of their mechanical properties
  • it has been shown that single crystal tungsten wires wound into hel ices or cylindrical spirals are but little suited for use as filaments for incandescent lamps, because during the burning in the lamp the individual turns of the helix are very much distorted so that the filament loses its original shape.
  • coiled or helical filaments are made by winding a wire which consists of a few long crystals which interlock with each other or are overlapping.
  • coiled or helical filaments with an undistorted macrocrystalline structure composed of a single crystal or of a few long crystals which have suffered virtually no deformation or distortion from the original state of the'crystal, and in particular have suffered no deformation or distortion throu h the winding of the wire into a helix. uch a coiled or helical filament behaves as though it were cut out of a single crystal or a few Renewed March 28, 1929.
  • Fig. 1 shows a s..raight single crystal wire
  • Fi 2 a helix made by coiling a single crystal wire
  • Fig. 1 shows a s..raight single crystal wire
  • Fi 2 a helix made by coiling a single crystal wire
  • the envelope of the etched helix will not be a cylinder, but a body of approximately prismatic form and having facets which extend parallel to the geometrical axis of the helix. 7
  • a filament made according to this inven tion has an undistorted macrocrystalline structure consisting of a single crystal orof long crystals which have undergone no deformation by bending due to winding of the i wire, and is found to be in equilibrium.
  • each curved portion of the filament wire undergoes no changein form by use in the lamp as the major part of each curved portion of the filament wire is a single crystal which is long enough to hold the curved portion in shape and which is undistorted'and free from the strains produced by forcible bending of a single-crystal.
  • Filaments according to this invention can be made by'causing the shaping of the coil or helix to be done before the development of the single crystal or of long crystals into final form.
  • the long filament is obtained by first winding drawn wire into the form of a helix and the development of the final crystal form occurs subsequent to the winding of the wire into a helix
  • a single crystal occupying substantially all of the cross-section of the wire may extend through one or more turns of the coil, yet it is not bent or distorted. Its crystallographic axis, the imaginary line between opposite planes, edges or f solid angles of that single crystal and to?
  • This wire is brought to the temperature at which destruction of the fibres begins, then by drawing through a diamond die is reduced 9.- little, then wound into a coil or helix and every turn and part of the coil, henceforth unchanged in shape or size, is heated to a much higher temperature which is above that of rapid grain growth, and which is preferabl the highest practicable white heat.
  • cane can further so proceed that the wire or the filament is wound, before the conversion of its crystal structure, upon a core or mandrel wire of the same or other high melting metal, whereupon it together with the vcore wire in a known manner, as for instance zone necessary for the conversion or the growth of the crystals and at the end the core may be removed.
  • a core or mandrel wire of the same or other high melting metal whereupon it together with the vcore wire in a known manner, as for instance zone necessary for the conversion or the growth of the crystals and at the end the core may be removed.
  • every turn of the helix is supported by the core during the heating of the filament Wire to convert it into the desired single crystal or large grain and long crystal structure the conversion takes place while the turns are free from stresses suificient to produce deformation during the conversion.
  • every part of every turn of the helix is converted into a crystalline structure which resists substantial sagging and offsetting when the filament is operated in an incandescent lamp.
  • the speed of movement is
  • the long coiled filament obtained in this manner and consisting of a single crystal or of a few long crystals which are undistorted and free from strain as a result of their growth in the coiled wire may be mounted on the anchors of the incandescent lamp in the usual way. It may be mounted without injury because a filament of this kind has such a large number of turns that each individual turn of the helix and, therefore, the crystal constituting that turn, is not deformed or appreciably affected by the curving of the long coiled filament during mounting. The bending for each turn is insufficient to strain the crystal, being only approximately one degree which is so slight that the crystal is virtually undeformed. In the case of along straight single crystal which has been wound into a helix the deformation or bending deand is ninety degrees for each quarter turn, which is suflicient to distort and severely strain the crystal.
  • a tungsten filament of tungsten wire coiled into a helix and composed essentially of a single undistorted crystal which is longer than the diameter of the filament wire and which constitutes the major part of said turn but is undeformed by bending.
  • a helically coiled tungsten filament having a turn consisting of a single undistorted crystal which constitutes the major portion of the cross-section of the wire of the turn and substantially the entire length of the turn and which is virtually undeformed by bending.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
US565231A 1921-07-13 1922-06-01 Coiled filament and process of making it Expired - Lifetime US1815779A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE1815779X 1921-07-13

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US1815779A true US1815779A (en) 1931-07-21

Family

ID=7744480

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US565231A Expired - Lifetime US1815779A (en) 1921-07-13 1922-06-01 Coiled filament and process of making it

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US1815779A (de)
FR (1) FR553159A (de)
NL (1) NL11346C (de)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2439913A (en) * 1941-10-28 1948-04-20 Gen Electric Method of treating coiled tungsten filaments
US2866915A (en) * 1956-09-20 1958-12-30 Philco Corp Thermionically emitting device
US2892740A (en) * 1957-01-08 1959-06-30 Univ Notre Dame Du Lac Thermionic emitter and method of making same
JP2014063667A (ja) * 2012-09-21 2014-04-10 Stanley Electric Co Ltd 白熱電球
US20230002968A1 (en) * 2019-12-17 2023-01-05 Pirelli Tyre S.P.A. Process and apparatus for manufacturing a metallic reinforcing cord for tyres for vehicle wheels
US12296632B2 (en) 2019-12-17 2025-05-13 Pirelli Tyre S.P.A. Metallic reinforcing cord for tyres for vehicle wheels
US12344054B2 (en) 2019-12-17 2025-07-01 Pirelli Tyre S.P.A. Metallic reinforcing cord for tyres for vehicle wheels
US12448729B2 (en) 2020-09-25 2025-10-21 Pirelli Tyre S.P.A. Vehicle wheels and tyre comprising said metallic reinforcing cord

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2439913A (en) * 1941-10-28 1948-04-20 Gen Electric Method of treating coiled tungsten filaments
US2866915A (en) * 1956-09-20 1958-12-30 Philco Corp Thermionically emitting device
US2892740A (en) * 1957-01-08 1959-06-30 Univ Notre Dame Du Lac Thermionic emitter and method of making same
JP2014063667A (ja) * 2012-09-21 2014-04-10 Stanley Electric Co Ltd 白熱電球
US8841842B2 (en) * 2012-09-21 2014-09-23 Stanley Electric Co., Ltd. Light source device
US20230002968A1 (en) * 2019-12-17 2023-01-05 Pirelli Tyre S.P.A. Process and apparatus for manufacturing a metallic reinforcing cord for tyres for vehicle wheels
US12291818B2 (en) * 2019-12-17 2025-05-06 Pirelli Tyre S.P.A Process and apparatus for manufacturing a metallic reinforcing cord for tyres for vehicle wheels
US12296632B2 (en) 2019-12-17 2025-05-13 Pirelli Tyre S.P.A. Metallic reinforcing cord for tyres for vehicle wheels
US12344054B2 (en) 2019-12-17 2025-07-01 Pirelli Tyre S.P.A. Metallic reinforcing cord for tyres for vehicle wheels
US12448729B2 (en) 2020-09-25 2025-10-21 Pirelli Tyre S.P.A. Vehicle wheels and tyre comprising said metallic reinforcing cord

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL11346C (de)
FR553159A (fr) 1923-05-15

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3131469A (en) Process of producing a unitary multiple wire strand
US1815779A (en) Coiled filament and process of making it
US2218345A (en) Incandescent lamp
GB1241197A (en) Method of making non-sag filaments for electric lamps
US786257A (en) Electric heater and method of manufacturing same.
US1970702A (en) Flexible shafting and method of making same
US2142865A (en) Method of manufacturing filaments
US2067746A (en) Lamp filament and method of manufacture thereof
US2948954A (en) Small sized helixes and method of their fabrication
US2410060A (en) Method of producing vacuum tube electrodes
US1668016A (en) Crystal-wire filament for incandescent electric lamps and the method of winding it
US1670292A (en) Tungsten filament and method of making it
US2126155A (en) Incandescent electric lamp
US5680003A (en) Coiled-coil filament design for an incandescent lamp
US2431150A (en) Pigtail thread guide
EP0040504A1 (de) Uhrarmband
DE3123442A1 (de) Gluehwendel fuer eine elektrische lampe und verfahren zur herstellung
US817328A (en) Method of forming wire cables.
US3385993A (en) Filament support for tubular incandescent lamps
US1692767A (en) Stranded sector-shaped conductor
SU45553A1 (ru) Способ изготовлени винтообразной нити накаливани из тугоплавкого металла дл электрических ламп накаливани
US1826514A (en) Tungsten and method of manufacturing the same
DE3004275A1 (de) Gluehfadenhalterung
US2202275A (en) Method and apparatus for making helixes without the aid of a core or mandrel
US2037378A (en) Method of and means for making spirally corrugated tubing