US1795922A

US1795922A - Well pumping unit

Info

Publication number: US1795922A
Application number: US278165A
Authority: US
Inventors: Reuben C Baker
Original assignee: Baker Oil Tools Inc
Current assignee: Baker Hughes Oilfield Operations LLC
Priority date: 1928-05-16
Filing date: 1928-05-16
Publication date: 1931-03-10
Anticipated expiration: 1948-03-10

Description

March 10, 1931.

R. C. BAKER WELL lPUMPING UNIT Filed May 1G. 2 ShOQiS-Sheet 1 I N VEN TOI v A TTORNE1 c WM 1 W. ..\4L 0M W o .o o o f .1 M www mi 2 w u M NMyNwW/B. nl v1 E K E? 1,. 4 1 mw u. Y om MQVT Q |y ,m3 -9 4/ I March 10, 1931. R. c. BAKER WELL UMPIG UNIT 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed May 16.

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Patented Mar 10, 1931 UNITED STATESA PATENT oFFlcE REUBENVC. BAKER, OF COALINGQA, CALIFORNIA, ASSIGNOR T BAKE?, OIL TOOLS, INC., 0F HUNTINGTON PARK, CALIFORNIA, A CORPORATION OF CALIFORNIA WELL PUMPING- 'UNIT Application led Hay 16,

This invention relates to deep well pumping apparatus and particularly pertains to a pumping unit for operating deep well pumps.

It is the principal object of the present 1nvention to provide a generally improved pumping unit for deep well pumps by means of which the mechanical well load and the fluid load will be properly and entirely counterbalanced so as to minimize the power expended in operating the pump.

Another object of the present invention' 1s to provide a pumping unit having a hoist mechanism o eratively associated with this power plant or pulling the well. u In carrying out the invention into practlce I provide a pumping unit having an oscillatory walking beam and what I prefer to term a fulcrum beam carrying a counterbalance at one end and operatively bearing against the walking beam at the other end. Means are provided for automatically adjusting the'position of the counterweight on the fulcrum beam so as to counterbalance-the fluid load on the up stroke of the pump in addition to the mechanical well load. This counterweight can also be adjusted to accommodate different well loads.

' One form which the invention may assume is exemplified in the following description 3o and illustrated by way of example in the accompanying drawings, in which:

Fig. 1 is a side elevation of a pumping unit embodying the preferred form of my invention.

Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic view in side elevation of the pumping unit showing the relative positions of the operating parts upon the down stroke of the walking beam.

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary view in perspective showing the construction of the crossheads. crossbead guides and the connection between the fulcrum beam and the walking beam.

F ig. 4 is a fragmentary view in plan showing the manner in which the counterweight is a5 mounted on the fulcrum beam and connected with the counterweight crosshead.

Fig. 5 is a view in transverse section through the apparat-us taken on line V-V of Fig. 1.

Fig. 6 is a view in transverse section 192e. serial No. vavales.

through the unit taken on line VI-v-VI of Fig. l and disclosing the mounting of the hoist mechanism.

l Fig. 7 is a view in plan section.

Referring more particularly to the accompanying drawings, 10 indicates a well pumpv ing unit for deep wells having a base strueture 11 mounted either on the floor of the derrick or on a suitable foundation contiguous to the mouth of the well. The base 11 may be of any preferred design but is here shown as constructed of two longitudinal channel beams arranged in parallelism at a spaced distance apart and rigidly connected by suitable transverse members.

. Arranged horizontally and transversely of the base 11 at the forward end thereof is a drive shaft 12 journallcd in suitable bearings secured on the base. To drive the drive shaft 12 I provide a motor 14 having a pinion 15 keyed or otherwise secured on its shaft. This pinion 15 is in mesh with a spur gear 16 secured on a jack shaft 17 arranged horizontally and transversely ofthe base intermediate the drive shaft 12 and the motor 14. The jack shaft 17 is also fitted with a pinion 18 which. is in mesh with a gear 19 secured on the drive shaft 12.

' Through the medium of the gear train just describe operation of the motor 14 will drive the drive shaft 12 at the preferred rate of speed. It is understood, however, that I may substitute other means for driving the drive shaft; that is, an internal combustion engine or other power plant may be substituted for the motor 14 or the drive shaft 12 maybe driven by a pulley from a' countershaft if it l1s preferred. In the vpresent manner of construction, however, the pumping unit is entirely self-contained.

, Secured at opposite ends of the drive shaft 12 is a pair of aligned cranks 20. These cranks 20 are connected to the lower ends of vertically reciprocal connectin rods 21. Arranged at the forward end of t e unit and at opposite sides thereof in transverse alignment is a pair of crosshead guides 22 of any suitable construction. Crossheads 23 are mounted in these guides for vertical reciprm cation. A transverse shaft 24 extends transf versely between the guides and is connected to the erossheads. The opposite ends of this sha it 24 are j ournalled in bearings 25 on the tion of the motor 14 that the drive shaft 12 will be driven to operate the cranks 20 and that the rotationo these cranks 20 will be translated .byA the connecting rods 21 into vertical reciprocation of the connecting rods and the crossheads 23.

Arranged centrally and longitudinally of the pumping unit at the top thereof isa walking beam 26 pivotally connected at its rearniost end to a pair of upright walking beam compensating arms 27. These latter are pivoted at their lower ends to the base 10 to compensate for the movement of the walking beam. It shouid be stated that although the walking beam 26 oscillates in a Vertical plane its forward end which is connected to the polish. rod must travel in a true vertical path,

- necessitating "that the compensating `arms 27 be permitted a certainamount of oscillation.

The walking beam 26 as shown in the drawings entends centrally between the crosshead guides 22 `and over the shaft 24. At the underside of the waiking beam at a point in vertical alignment with the shaft 24, the

wailring beam is fitted with a saddle 28 which bears on a bearing member 29 carried by the shaft 2a. This bearing member also bears on a saddle' 30 carried upon the forward end of a fulcrum beam 31 arranged below the wailringbeam in parallelism therewith. At a p int intermediate its ends and on the underA side thereof this fulcruni beam 31 is provided with a saddle 32 which bears on a shaft 33 carried by two upright fulcrum compensating arms 34. These latter arms are pivotally supported on the base as indicated by the numerai 35.

At the rearmostend of the ulcrum beam 31 a counterweight 36 is slidably disposed. This counterweight 36 is fitted with rollers 37 bearing on the beam 31, enabling the counterweightto be reciprocated along the beam.

iorwardly of the counterweight/ 36 and guided on the fulcrum beam 31 for reciprocation is a counterweight crosshead'38.

it screw shaft 39 extends longitudinally of tim 'tulcrum beam 31 and is collared at its foriv ard end to the counterweight crosshead 38. This screw shaft 39 extends longitudinally through the counter weight 36 and is threaded to a feed nut 40 rigidly secured to the counterweight 36.' At its rearmost end the screw sha. `t 39 is titted'with a crank 41 to revolve the shaft. By revolving the shaft, the countcrweight 36' will be moved toward or away from the crosshead 33, depending upon the` `direction et rotation of the shaft. In this manner the eiifective lpositionl of the crosshead on the fulcrum beam 31 may be adjusted to accommodate diierent well loads.

The counterweight crosshead 38 is connected by a connecting rod 412 to the upper ends of the connecting rods 21 so that the position of the counterweight 36 will be adjusted along the ulcrum beam 31 automatically upon operation of the cranks 20. The purpose ot this will be hereinafter set forth.

A further adjustment is provided by providing means for adjusting the stroke of the connecting rod 42. This `means comprises three points of connection indicated by the numeral 4A- between the connecting rod 42 and the upper ends of the connecting rods 21.

It is obvious that when the point of con-- nection between the forward end of the con necting rod 42 and the upper ends o the connecting rods 21 is changed, the stroke of the counterweight 36 will be altered.

In operation of the pumping unit, it is constructed and assembled as illustrated in the drawings and the screw shaft 39 is operated to adjust the position of the counterweight so that it will be in the proper position to compensate for the well load to be carried. Likewise, the point of connection between the forward end of the connecting rod 42 and the upper ends o the connecting rods 21 is determined by the well load.

Upon rotation of the motor 14, the drive shaft 12 will be driven to vertically reciprocate the connecting rods 21. Verticalreciprocation of these rods will reciprocate the shaft 24 and through the medium of the bearing member 29 cause oscillation of the walking beam 26 and the ulcrum beam 31. Upon the upward stroke of the connecting rods 21, the entire weight of the well load including the Huid load will be imposed upon the end of the walking beam. This load, however, will be entirely counterbalanced by the counterbalance 36 because the forward end of the ulcrum beam 31 will bear upwardly against the forward end of the walking beam.

I desire to point out that upon commencing the upward stroke the counterbalance 36 will be in its farthest outermost position so as to impose its maximum counterbalancing effect on the walking beam during the latters upward stroke. This is due to the fact that the position of the connecting rods 21 will be such as to maintain the counterweight lcrosshead 38 in its rearmost position on the suicient to counterbalance the mechanical well load and the additionalv liuid load.

After the upward stroke of the walking beam has been completed, the counterweight 36 will be drawn inwardly toward the fulcrum point of the ulcrum beam 31 because on the downward stroke of the walking beam it is only necessary to counterbalance the mechanical well load.

It is thus obvious that I have provided automatically operating means for adjusting the eiective osition of the counterweight during the cycle of operationvof the walking beam, so as to properl counterweight the load imposed u on the eam. v

To accommo ate dil-ferent fluid loads the stroke of the counterweight on the fulcrum beam 31 may be altered by changingr the point of connection between the connectm rod 42 and the connecting rods 21. B y c anging this stroke dierent :fluid loads may be properly counterbalanced. Also to accommodate different well loads, the hand crank 41 may be operated to adjust the position of the counterweight 36 on the beam 31. By changing the position of the counterweight its elfectiveness in counterbalancin the well load is changed and therefore di erent well loads may be properly counterbalanced.

In the present instance I have fitted the pumping unit with a hoist mechanism indicated by the numeral 46, which hoist mechanism comprises a drum 47 having the usual brake 48 and clutch 49. To drive the drum I provide a pinion and

gear

50 and 51, the former being relatively fixed to a sprocket 52. This sprocket 52 is connected by a chain 53 to a sprocket 54 secured on the jack shaft 17, so that when the motor 14 is in operation the pinion 50 and gear 51 may be revolved by the motor. The clutch 49 is inter osed be tween the gear 51 and the drum 4 so that when this clutch is engaged the drum 47 will be revolved by the motor.

The hoist mechanism 46 is utilized in pulling the well. To utilize the hoist mechanism it is only necessary to remove the polish rod connecting mechanism 55 and remove the saddle 56 from the end of the walking beam, so that the polish rods will be free from the walking beam. The pull`rope is then connected to the polish rods and the hoist mechanism operated to pull the well.

From the foregoing it is obvious that I have provided a very eicient well umping unit wherein the well load and the uid load will be entirely and properly counterbalanced. Also, I have provided a pumping unit wherein the same power plant may be utilized to actuate the pump or to pull the Well.

lfVhile I have shown the preferred form of my invention, it is to be understood that various changes may be made in its construction by those skilled in the art without departtory member a apted to be connected to the(y olish rod'ofapump to o y ratejthe same, a eam pivotally supportelppe intermediate its ends beneath the oscilatory member, a

its pivotal point, the other side 'oi the beam oppositev the counterweight bearing against theV underside of the vertically movable member whereby the Well load imposed upon counterweight on said. beam atone side of the vertically movable member` will be coun- -f terbalanced by the counterweight, means forv automatically adjustin the position ofthe counterweight on the eam relative'to its pivotal pointl whereby to` accommodate changes in well'load during the cycle of operation of the movable member.

2.\A pumpin unit comprisin an oscillatory walkin beam adapted to be vconnected to the polis rod of a pump to o erate the same, a beam pivotally supporte interme- -`date its ends beneath the Walking beam,

a counterweight on said beam at one side of its pivotal point, the other side ofV the beam opposite the counterweight bearing l against t e underside of the walking beam whereby ,the well load imposed upon the walking beam will be counterbalanced byY the counterweight, means for automatically adjustin the position of the counterweicfht on the eam relative to its pivotal point whereby to accommodate changes in well load during. the cycle of operation of the walking beam, and other means for adjust ing the position of the ccunterweight on the i.

beam to accommodate different well loads.

3. A pumpin unit comprising an oscillatory walking eam, a second beam pivotally supported intermediate its ends beneath the walking beam, a counterweight on the second beam at one side of its pivotal point, v

the other side of the second beam opposite the counterweight bearing against the underside ot the free end of the Walking beam whereby the load imposed on the walking beam will be counterbalanced by the counterweight, means for automatically adjusting the position of the counterweight on the second beam to accommodate changes in Well load during each cycle of'operation of the walking beam.

4. A pumping unit comprising an oscillatory walking beam pivotally supported at one end and adapted to be connected with the polish rod of a pump at its free end, a second beam disposed below and parallel to the Walking beam, said second beam being ivotally supported at a point intermediate lts ends a counterweight at one end of said.

second eam, the other end of said second beam bearing against the underside of the freeend of the walking beam, means for automatically adjusting the position of the counterweight on the second beam to accommodate changes of the well load during each cycle of operation of the walking beam.

5. A pumpin unit comprising an oscillatory walking eam pivotally supported at one end and adapted to be connected with the polish rod of a pump at its free end, a second 4beam disposed below and parallel to the walking beam, said second beam being pivotally supported at; a'point intermediate its ends, a-counterweight at one end of said second beam', the other end of said second beam bearing against the underside of the free end of `the walking beam, means for automaticall adjusting the position of the counterweig t on the second beam to accommodate changes of the well load during each cycle of operation of the walking beam, and other means for adjusting the osition of the counterweight on the second am to accommodate different well loads.

' REUBEN C. BAKER.`