US1790552A - Nesses - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- US1790552A US1790552A US1790552DA US1790552A US 1790552 A US1790552 A US 1790552A US 1790552D A US1790552D A US 1790552DA US 1790552 A US1790552 A US 1790552A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- iron
- silicide
- metal
- castings
- molten
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 64
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 34
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 34
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 32
- 229910021332 silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 24
- FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicide(4-) Chemical compound [Si-4] FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 18
- REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium(3+) Chemical compound [Al+3] REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 16
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 14
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 12
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 8
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- -1 Calcium Magnesium Chemical compound 0.000 description 6
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229910000967 As alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910001037 White iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium(0) Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 4
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000004484 Briquette Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000519 Ferrosilicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001060 Gray iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- YTHCQFKNFVSQBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium silicide Chemical compound [Mg]=[Si]=[Mg] YTHCQFKNFVSQBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021346 calcium silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OSMSIOKMMFKNIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;silicon Chemical compound [Ca]=[Si] OSMSIOKMMFKNIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001567 cementite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;methane Chemical compound C.[Fe].[Fe].[Fe] KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021338 magnesium silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium(0) Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/06—Deoxidising, e.g. killing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
- C21C1/08—Manufacture of cast-iron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C35/00—Master alloys for iron or steel
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the treatment of metals, and, .more particularly, to the treatment of molten metal in the manufacture of castings.
- An object of the invention is to provide a process for the manufacture of castings of special strength and uniformity, such as will insure the quality sought in the finished castm eretofore, when deemed essential, it has been the practice in the manufacture of grey iron castings to add to the molten metal a suitable agent in order to obtain the carbon in the desired forms.
- ferro-silicon In the breaking down of the iron carbide in the metal during solidification, ferro-silicon generally has been used as a graphitizing agent in order to provide the proper ratio of combined and graphitic carbon in the casting, and in a treatment of molten metal such as would upon solidification produce a casting white in fracture, into metal for castings the fracture of which would be grey, the use of the silicide substantially free from iron is suggested in my Patent 1,499,068, granted June 24th, 1924.
- silicide 50 produces this effect in molten iron adapted to produce a casting containing approximately 3% of combined carbon, and even in iron containing less than 1% of combined carbon.
- silicide is substantially free from iron, is meant that the iron content of the treating agent or alloy is relatively inconsiderable.
- the silicide agent may be accompanied to advantage by a second alkaline earth metal, such as magnesium, strontium. barium, etc.
- a second alkaline earth metal such as magnesium, strontium. barium, etc.
- an alloy agent of calcium, silicon and an inconsiderable amount of iron may also include to advantage either magnesium or strontium or barium, etc.
- the agents described above when used separately or combined as alloys, have been found to be of increased or intensified value if accompanied by nickel, or aluminum, or chromium, or titanium or vanadium. In some instances, more than one of these elements may be employed to advantage; for example both nickel and chromium.
- This second element, especially chromium has been found to increase the capacity of the metal to resist high pressures and temperatures. Also it increases the resistance to acids and acidic oil vapors.
- Example 4 Per cent Calcium Magnesium 9 Silicon 36
- Example 5 Per cent Silicon Nickel 5
- Example 6 Per cent Silicon 53 to 60 Calcium 32.
- 60 Chromium 1 Iron 3 These agents may be introduced into the molten metal, in any suitable manner, either in combination, i. e., as alloys, or separately. ordinarily the alloy 01' separate elements are reduced to relatively small particles, although the alloy may be used in brick or briquette form, and a few ounces of the same used to a small percentage of the metal treated. The agents may be added in the spout as the molten metal runs from the furnace, or thrown into the stream of metal where it enters the ladle from the spout, or else added to the metal in the furnace.
- molten white iron' I mean such molten iron as will produce castings substantially free from graphitic carbon.
- white iron I mean such castings as are substantially free from graphitic carbon.
- gray molten iron I mean such molten iron as will produce castings in which more or less amount up to 5%, and a second alkaline metal of the calcium-magnesium group in a percentage somewhat less than one-half the percentage of the first alkaline metal.
- An alloy for the use in the treatment of molten iron for making cast iron containing the following in substantially the propor- 1 tions specified: silicon, 53% to 60%; calcium, 32.60% to 35%; nickel, 3.60%; iron, 2.60%.
- An alloy for the use in the treatment of molten iron for making cast iron containing the following in substantially the roportions specified: calcium, 35% magnesium, 9%; silicon, 56%.
- An alloy for the use in the treatment of molten iron for making cast iron containing the following in substantially the .proportions specified: silicon, 51%; nickel, 5%; magnesium, 9%; calcium, 35%.
Description
Patented Jm'zv, 1931 1,790,552
UNITEDSTATESD' PATENT- OFFVICE aucusrus 1'. mm, or onarranooea, TENNESSEE, Assrenon. 'ro mnnnrmrrn nun conronarron, or cum-mucosa, rnnmsnn, A conromvrron or m- NESSEE ALLOY ron mnnrao'ruan or cas'r mon No Drawing, Application filed- Angust 29, 1988. Serial 1Io. 802,389.
The present invention relates to the treatment of metals, and, .more particularly, to the treatment of molten metal in the manufacture of castings.
5 An object of the invention is to provide a process for the manufacture of castings of special strength and uniformity, such as will insure the quality sought in the finished castm eretofore, when deemed essential, it has been the practice in the manufacture of grey iron castings to add to the molten metal a suitable agent in order to obtain the carbon in the desired forms.
In the breaking down of the iron carbide in the metal during solidification, ferro-silicon generally has been used as a graphitizing agent in order to provide the proper ratio of combined and graphitic carbon in the casting, and in a treatment of molten metal such as would upon solidification produce a casting white in fracture, into metal for castings the fracture of which would be grey, the use of the silicide substantially free from iron is suggested in my Patent 1,499,068, granted June 24th, 1924.
My investigations have disclosed that the character of grey castings may be materially improved by the treatment of molten metal for making castings which would be gray but which ordinarily would have rather limited mechanical properties, through the introduction in the molten metal of a silicide substantially free from iron. It has been found that a silicide of an alkaline earth metal,'such as calcium or magnesium, or other alkaline earth metal, will materially improve the casting, even though it contains an amount of graphitic carbon that was not precipitated by the silicide referred to, and would have been grey in fracture without the introduction of the silicide.
The introduction of such a silicide, even in molten metal which, when cast, ordinarily would be grey in character, is readily soluble and workable, and acts to precipitate additional carbon in spite of which the tensile and transverse strength will be materially increased. It has been found that the silicide 50 produces this effect in molten iron adapted to produce a casting containing approximately 3% of combined carbon, and even in iron containing less than 1% of combined carbon.
By the statement that the silicide is substantially free from iron, is meant that the iron content of the treating agent or alloy is relatively inconsiderable.
I have also found that in the production of castings, the silicide agent may be accompanied to advantage by a second alkaline earth metal, such as magnesium, strontium. barium, etc. For example, an alloy agent of calcium, silicon and an inconsiderable amount of iron may also include to advantage either magnesium or strontium or barium, etc. m
The agents described above, when used separately or combined as alloys, have been found to be of increased or intensified value if accompanied by nickel, or aluminum, or chromium, or titanium or vanadium. In some instances, more than one of these elements may be employed to advantage; for example both nickel and chromium. The addition of this second element, especially chromium has been found to increase the capacity of the metal to resist high pressures and temperatures. Also it increases the resistance to acids and acidic oil vapors.
The following alloys are given as examples pf ones that have been found to be satisfacory:
Ewample 4 Per cent Calcium Magnesium 9 Silicon 36 Example 5 Per cent Silicon Nickel 5 Magnesium 9 Calcium 35 Example 6 Per cent Silicon 53 to 60 Calcium 32. 60 to 35 Nickel 2. 60 Chromium 1 Iron 3 These agents may be introduced into the molten metal, in any suitable manner, either in combination, i. e., as alloys, or separately. ordinarily the alloy 01' separate elements are reduced to relatively small particles, although the alloy may be used in brick or briquette form, and a few ounces of the same used to a small percentage of the metal treated. The agents may be added in the spout as the molten metal runs from the furnace, or thrown into the stream of metal where it enters the ladle from the spout, or else added to the metal in the furnace.
Although the percentages given in the foregoing examples may be varied considerably, it is to be understood that where reference is made in the specification and claims tothe use of a silicide, such as calcium or magnesium silicide, I mean an amount of the same suflicient to produce an appreciable graphitizing efiect. Since the molten iron will Vary in. its characteristics, the amount of silicide needed, in particular instances, will be governed accordingly, the silicide being used, of course, in sulficient amounts to produce the desired graphitizing efi'ect.
By molten white iron', I mean such molten iron as will produce castings substantially free from graphitic carbon. By white iron I mean such castings as are substantially free from graphitic carbon. By gray molten iron I mean such molten iron as will produce castings in which more or less amount up to 5%, and a second alkaline metal of the calcium-magnesium group in a percentage somewhat less than one-half the percentage of the first alkaline metal.
2. An alloy for the use in the treatment of molten iron for making cast iron containing the following in substantially the propor- 1 tions specified: silicon, 53% to 60%; calcium, 32.60% to 35%; nickel, 3.60%; iron, 2.60%.
3. An alloy for the use in the treatment of molten iron for making cast iron containing the following in substantially the roportions specified: calcium, 35% magnesium, 9%; silicon, 56%. a
4. An alloy for the use in the treatment of molten iron for making cast iron containing the following in substantially the .proportions specified: silicon, 51%; nickel, 5%; magnesium, 9%; calcium, 35%.
In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand.
AUGUSTUS F. MEEHAN.
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US1790552A true US1790552A (en) | 1931-01-27 |
Family
ID=3420840
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US1790552D Expired - Lifetime US1790552A (en) | Nesses |
Country Status (1)
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US (1) | US1790552A (en) |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2767084A (en) * | 1955-09-15 | 1956-10-16 | Vanadium Corp Of America | Alloy for deoxidizing steel |
DE972798C (en) * | 1952-01-01 | 1959-09-24 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Master alloy for the manufacture of spheroidal graphite cast iron and process for their manufacture |
DE973431C (en) * | 1948-07-28 | 1960-02-18 | Mond Nickel Co Ltd | Master alloy for making spherulitic cast iron |
DE973695C (en) * | 1950-04-27 | 1960-05-05 | Union Carbide Corp | Process for the production of low-sulfur and low-phosphorus deoxidized cast iron |
US2950187A (en) * | 1958-09-05 | 1960-08-23 | Res Inst Iron Steel | Iron-calcium base alloy |
DE975100C (en) * | 1951-03-08 | 1961-08-10 | Vanadium Corp Of America | Additive for cast iron or steel |
US3310397A (en) * | 1963-07-18 | 1967-03-21 | Inst Liteinogo Proisvodstva | Method of inoculating molten cast iron |
DE1239715B (en) * | 1957-10-12 | 1967-05-03 | Res Inst Iron Steel | Process for the production of nodular steels in the as-cast state |
DE1608633B1 (en) * | 1959-12-14 | 1970-10-22 | Masami Sata | Process for the production of a corrosion-resistant iron-chromium alloy |
-
0
- US US1790552D patent/US1790552A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE973431C (en) * | 1948-07-28 | 1960-02-18 | Mond Nickel Co Ltd | Master alloy for making spherulitic cast iron |
DE973695C (en) * | 1950-04-27 | 1960-05-05 | Union Carbide Corp | Process for the production of low-sulfur and low-phosphorus deoxidized cast iron |
DE975100C (en) * | 1951-03-08 | 1961-08-10 | Vanadium Corp Of America | Additive for cast iron or steel |
DE972798C (en) * | 1952-01-01 | 1959-09-24 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Master alloy for the manufacture of spheroidal graphite cast iron and process for their manufacture |
US2767084A (en) * | 1955-09-15 | 1956-10-16 | Vanadium Corp Of America | Alloy for deoxidizing steel |
DE1239715B (en) * | 1957-10-12 | 1967-05-03 | Res Inst Iron Steel | Process for the production of nodular steels in the as-cast state |
US2950187A (en) * | 1958-09-05 | 1960-08-23 | Res Inst Iron Steel | Iron-calcium base alloy |
DE1608633B1 (en) * | 1959-12-14 | 1970-10-22 | Masami Sata | Process for the production of a corrosion-resistant iron-chromium alloy |
US3310397A (en) * | 1963-07-18 | 1967-03-21 | Inst Liteinogo Proisvodstva | Method of inoculating molten cast iron |
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