US1789705A

US1789705A - Throttling steam-calorimeter construction

Info

Publication number: US1789705A
Authority: US
Publication date: 1931-01-20
Anticipated expiration: 1948-01-20

Description

Patented Jan. 20, 1931 iinwin rines HAMILTON, vor nnsriives, NEW YORK THRQTTLING sTEAM-cALoRIMETEn cons'rRUc'rIoN kApiiiicaiion inea Api-ii i5, 1925. serial `lineales.

`Myinvention relates to improvements-in throttling steam calorimeter construction.

IIt is one object of my invention to make easier the use of such a calorimeter whereby the quality et steam or the amount Yot-in'ois- Ature carried inl suspensionin the current of steam is det vrmined. l

Heretofore, serious diilieulty has been cxperienced in detern'iining the temperature jnirticular pressure existing' i inside the calorimeter. In some types of calorimeters this temperature is assumed, in others the pressure is determined by means of a inanomn eter and then. With the aid of steam tables, the boiling point is determined.

It further the object of my invention to,`

VWhatevt'ir It'may be uncovered as shown, or

first, simplify the construction of the calorim` eter itself; second, to simplify the operation of such an instrument; third. to provide a calorimeter in Which all readings are made on the same thermometer; fourth, to provide a calorimeter in which it is not necessary to measure the pressure inside of the calorimeter, nor is it necessary to assume this pres sure; and 'li'ftln to provide a calorimeter in which the steam entering the calorimeteris expanded adiabatically from the steam line are opened. At this time the steam fre-1n the pressure down to the calorimeter pressure by means of a. nozzle having both a convergent and also a divergent section.

I attain these objects by the mechanism illustrated in the accompanying drawing, in Whichf i Y Figure l is a vertical section o the entire apparatus. Figure Q is a section taken along the line AA thru the.\v'ater jacketed inlet pipe of the calorimeter.

Similar numerals refer to similar partsV thruout the drawing.

The steam main or line 12 is shown as li aving a sampling tube l0 projecting into it', A valve l is placed in the line joining the sampling tube with the calorimeter. Part of the line 1G joining the sampling tube with the calorimeter is surrounded by, or in contact with, a Waterjacket 6. The Water inlet to this Water jacket is marked 17 and is equipt ivitha valve 3. The outlet from the corresponding to the boiling point for the;`

'fiiiay be connected to lthe other manner desired.V i

jacket is marked 5( This outlet is equipt l ivith a'valve marked l. BetweenA the line 16 and the calorimeter is located a heat insulat ing diskll.` This insulatingdi'sk is used to prevent a `llowof heat 'from thecalorimeter back tothe Water jacket. lThe calorimeter in- -let l5 is made in the form of a Venturi tube, that is a tube having aconvergentsection and also adivergentsection; The purpose ot this lVe'inturi tube oilA iiezzleis to expand the steam adiabatically from the high pressure of the Asteainlinedownto the calorimeter pressure.

llieratio ot throat area to end area in this V"fenturi tubeyand the length oit the convei.-

gent-andi divergent sections may be varied and Will depend somewhat on the steam pressure for which the calorimeter is designed;

Thecalorimeter 11 inayfbe of any shape it may,aiid preferably yshould be coveredw'vith heat insulating material. It may have a thermometer-Wellas shown", or the thermoi'neter steam space in any as follows 1v i v i Talves 2 and 3 are closed `Va'lvesl and lf steam main `fills the calorinieterup'.to-,the pressure iii them'ain. T he temperature read fr n.

on the thermometer -at this time Vis therefore From these "three,temperatures the quality z of the steam' inrthe steam maincanbe obtained by means of steamltables-and a simple 4 ',alculation'in Well known manner."

I am'aivare that prior to my invention,

'the temperature of the steam' in` the steam line. Next valves 2 and 3 are opened 'and jvalve 4.- is closed; The temperature read onf the'thermometer with' this settingof the throttling steam calorimeters have been used. I therefore do not claim such a construction broadly.

claim:

l. A device for determining the quality of steam in a steam main comprising a chamber, a connection between a steam main and said chamber, a water jacket for said connection, and means controlling the admission of steam to said chamber and the flow ot water in said water jacket whereby both saturated and superheated steam may be produced at will in said chamber at the same pressure.

2. A device tor determining the quality oi steam in a steam main comprising a chamber, a thermometer in said chamber, a connection between a steam main and said chamber, means controlling the admission of steam to said chamber, means for cooling said connection and means for controlling the cooling means whereby saturated or superheated steam may be produced in said chamber at the same pressure, and the temperature ot both t-he saturated and superheated steam may be read on said thermometer.

3. A device for determining the quality ot steam in a steamy main comprising a chamber, a thermometer in said chamber, a connection between a steam main and said chamber, a valve for said connection, a water jacket for said connection, inlet and outlet vconnections to said water jacket, a heat in sulating disk in said connection, an outlet for said chamber, and a valveyIor saidV outlet.

4. A throttling calorimeter comprising la calorimeter and the temperature of superheated steam in said calorimeter may each be read at will on said thermometer, thelatter two temperatures being taken at a pressure below steam main pressure.

5, A throttling calorimeter comprising a thermometer, a chamber therefor, a connection therefrom to a steam main, and controllable means for varying the conditions in said calorimeter whereby the temperature of the steam inthe steam main, the temperature ot the boiling point of the steam corresponding to the pressure,existingin the calorimeter and the temperature of superheated steam eX- isting in the calorimeter may each be at will read on said thermometer. n

6. rllhe method of determining the quality of steam in a steam mainwhich comprises obtaining the` readings for the temperature of the-steam in thesteam main, for the temperature of the Aboiling point of thefsteam corresponding to the pressure existing inV thercalorimeter and for the temperature of the steam superheated existing in the calorimeter upon a single thermometer, which consists in connecting a chamberv to a steam main, the chamber having a thermometer connected thereto, and creating the varying conditions insaid chamber. i

7. A device tor determining the quality of steam ina steam main comprising a chamber, a thermometer in said chamber, a connection between a steamfmain and said chamber, the connection having a convergent portion terminating in. a constriction and adin vergent portion therefrom terminating in said chamber, means controlling the admission of steam to said chamber, means tor cooling said connection, and `means otcontro-lling` the cooling means whereby vsaturated or superheated steam may be produced in said chamber at the same pressure and the temperature ot bot-h the saturated and supei-,

heated steam may be read on said therilo