US1787491A

US1787491A - Loom

Info

Publication number: US1787491A
Application number: US413632A
Authority: US
Inventors: Primavesi Otto
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1928-09-11
Filing date: 1929-12-12
Publication date: 1931-01-06
Anticipated expiration: 1948-01-06

Description

0. PRIMAVESI Jan. 6, 1931.

LOOI

Filed Dec Fig.4

Jan. 6, 1931. o. PRlMAvEsi 1,787,491

LOOM

Filed Dec. 12, 1929 s She'ts-Sheet 2 Fig. 2

0. PRIMAVESI Jan. 6, 1931.

LOON

'Filed Dec. 12, 1929 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 Jan. 6, 1931. o. PRIMAVESI 1,737,491

LOOK

Filed Dec. 12, 1929 s Sheets-Sheet 4 Patented Jan. a, 193i PATENT OFFICE OTTO PRIHAVEBI, OF DBEBDEN, GERMANY LOOK Application filed December 12, 1989, Serial No.

The loom according to the present inven-' tion has this in coinmon with looms (circular looms) of a known type that the shed is formed progressively along the weaving width in an undulatin line and that at any given moment severe? the weaving width. The invention therefore shares with them the advantage of greater output with the same mean weft s cod and makes it ossible to do away with t e assin of the shuttles through the shed in t e or inary sense and to produce the shuttle motion for instance in the known and mechanically satisfactory way bly the progressive undulating motion of ifters disposed between the warp threads.

The loom accordin to the present invention difi'ers from the nown type of circular loom firstly in this, that each separate weft :0 is picked by a shuttle which has the necessary length of weft and unwinds the weft thread from a bobbin, the shuttles entering the path of the weft at the beginning of the weaving width and leaving it at the end of the weaving width.

These terms require some explanation. There is a distinct difference between weaving width and path of the weft. Although in circular looms of a known type,

when the-material being woven is not tubular, the shuttles pass outside the weavin width which does notextend over the'ful periphery of the circle runnin through a ortion of the periphery outsi e the weavmg width and only then re-enter the weavingwidth, they remain the whole time in the path of the weft, that is to say they run continuously in a circle, this being just one of the advantages of the circular loom, the

40 loss of weft thread due to the com lete circumference not being utilized for t e weaving width being tolerated.

This should make clear what is meant by a departure from the path of the weft in the 4.3 present invention. Each shuttle only passes once through the weaving width in each operation of the loom. The invention thus departs from the essential peculiarity of the circular loom and provides that each shuttle shallbe wound with the measured 01f length shuttles are within 418,688, and in Germany September 11, 1925.

-of weft although it is of course impossible to avoid a certain loss of weft thread. In connection with the loom according to the invention automatic means ma be used for automatically winding the b0 bin shuttles or revolvin shuttles (more particularly described be ow) and means for automatically introducing and removing the said shuttles which leave and re-enter the path of the weft and the loom. This winding device however,-forms no part of the present ap lication.

11 order to understand the advantages of this novel arrangement, it is necessary to realize that each shed at any moment orin other words at each period of the undulatingline in which the formation of the shed progresses occupies a certain portion of the weaving width and that the size of this part and consequently the number of shuttles simultaneousl in operation is determined b the longitu inal extent of the shuttle. f however the shuttles in a circular loom run round continuously in a, circle as explained above, and the changing of the shuttles necessitates an interruption of the weaving operation (or at least a considerable loss of Weft thread if automatic shuttle-chan 'ng means should be used, means for w ich might possibly beprovided and certainly a considerable reduction in the speed of the shuttle), the shuttles must of necessity contain a great length of weft thread and consequently be correspondin ly large. If weft threads of different 00 our are to alternate, the number of picks can never be greater than the number of shuttles simultaneously in operation. The invention thus leads to an increase in the number of simultaneousl operative shuttles and consequently entai s an increase in the output with otherwise similar conditions.

A further considerable advantage of the invention consists in this that the loom while havin the advantage of the circular loom ma fie constructed as an ordinary loom. This will avoid the transition from the circular or arcuate position of thewa-rp threads -to the flat woven materialwith the consequent diiference in length and tension and the effect loom it can also be made in the formof a cirweaving of the same on the weft and the finished fabric. The disturbing effect of centrifugal force is also eliminated and it'is no longer necessary for the warp to be arranged vertically, although such an arrangement is the most obvious solution when the loom accordin to the invention is made in the form of an or inary loom. A

-While the loom according to the invention will as a r e be'in the form of an ordinary cular loom, as such a loom embodies, at least in part the advantages deScribed above. The

further advantage of .a circular loom constructed in accordancewith the. present in vention may here be mentioned that even when the peripher of the circle is not even approximately fu ly utilized (where the width is small) the great loss of weft thread will be reduced to a minimum inaccordance with the invention, so that narrow widths can be ma de with advantage.

It has been stated above that each shuttle is provided-with the measured length of weft thread for one single pick. It is only an apparent departure from this idea if 'two shuttles'which follow one'another and which are 1 of the weaving width. In order to keep the length of the shuttle as small aspqssible (and also the height which is of importance as reards the amount by which the warp threads ave to be pulled out of the plane of the warp) and in order to enable the shuttle to pass smoothly through lifters rising andfalling in an undulating line with a short period, the shuttle is made in the form of a revolving shuttle. It consists of a pair of rollers, on

the axis of-which between the two rollers a bobbin is mounted so as to be rotatable.

In the accompanying drawings an ordinary loom embodying the present invention is shown as far as is necessary for he correct understanding of the invention. ig. 1 is a plan view showing only a portion of the weaving width, Fig 2 a corresponding elevation to a somewhat larger scale, Fig. 3 a horizontal cross-section on line CD of Fig. 4 which is a vertical cross-section on line AB. The diagrammatic vertical. cross-section in Fig. 5 represents as far as necessary the means .for forming the shed and imparting motion to the lifters. In Fig. 6 the revolving shuttle is shown half in elevation and half in section threads]: are guided in a and in Fig. 7 in horizontal cross-section to\an enlarged scale.

Fig. 8 shows a fragmentar side elevation of a portion of a chain wit 1 grippers and shoes; and 1 Fig. 9 is a plan view of the thread grippers shown in Fig. 8 and Fig. 10 is a diagrammatic v1ew correspondin to Fig. 5.

The warp beam is to be imagined as lying proceeds relatively forming of abric being carried thence to the cloth beam which is not shown in the drawin The formation of the ,shed which proceeds from the right to the left in Fig. 2 in an undulating line is produced as follows the warp through e es 4. The healds 5 containing the eyes are xed at 6 to stationary points, then pass over pulleys 7 having a revolvin 'motion like a crank pin and hereinafter re erred to as eccentrics and thence over guide rollers 8 and 9. The healds may be arranged sym- 'metric'ally with respect to the warp plane, as

known manner 7 shown in Fig. 5, in which case the eccentrics 7 which'are alike must be placed opposite to one another. These eccentrics are combined to forum crank shaft (1, a which has the appear ance of a helix. As two eccentrics belonging to "adjacent healds and warp threads swing simultaneously in different directions, one warp thread will be drawn forward and the other backwards, thus forming the shed. From the arrangement of the eccentrics which follows a helical line is derived the progressive formation of the shed in an undulating line. In Figs. 2 and 3.for the sake of clearness each first, third, fifth warp thread is shown b a heavy. line and each second, fourth, sixt i warp thread by a thin line.

What has been said about the forming of the shed applies to plain weave. By any other suitable arrangement of the eccentrics other weaves may of course be produced.

By. means of crank shafts b, 6 formed in a corresponding manner to the crank shafts a, a the undulating motion of the lifters is controlled for producing the peristaltic forward motion of the shuttles. The lifters 10 which lie in the ordinary way between the warp threads are fixed at either end to healds 11, the ends of which are fixed at stationary points 12. Between these stationary points the healds pass over the guide rollers 13 and the eccentrics 14 forming the crank shafts b. b. As to each to and fro motion of the warp threads during the formation of the shed there corresponds a to and fro motion of each lifter, each half period of the crank shafts a, a must have a corresponding full period ofthe. crank shafts b, b.- The motions of the eyes 4 and of thelifters lO x'nust of course be in correct relation to one an-' other as regards time.

Owin to the fact that the

healds

5 and 11 are fixe at stationary points and, the loops lying over the eccentrics 7 and 14are drawn out and allowedto return it follows that the requisite distance travelled by the eyes or lifters 10 is produced with a smaller eccentricity of the

parts

7 and 14 than would be necessary for a direct pull on the healds. Although not shown on the drawing the other heald 11 is also operated by two disks 14. i a

For the rest the motion of the shuttles is known, as also that the'upwardly moving lifters effect the beatin up or more correct ly the pushing home of t e weft.

The revolving shuttle 0 consists as shown in Figs. 6 and 7 of a pair of rollers 15 mounted on a fixed, hollow axle 16, about which the bobbin 17 which always remains in the shuttleis rotatable. As will be seen from Fi 2,

the weft thread a is so wound on to the )ob- .a suitable shape and given a suitable initial stressing, but serves for another purpose as well, only the latter the drawing.

Before the revolving shuttle enters the path of the weft the bobbin should be prevented from turning prematurely which might result in thethread unwinding. This may be effected for instance by the tapered eg 19 shown in Fig. 7 the function of which "15 to guide the shuttle into the path of the weft, forcing the spring 18 outwards and against the wall of the bore of the-bobbin. For this purpose the peg must move in the direction of the path of the weft at the speed at which the formation of the shed proceeds. At-themoment in which the bobbin is to enter the shed the peg draws back in the direction of its axis, at the same time releasing the bobbin so that it can rotate.

In the drawing it is assumed that two adjacent revolving shuttles are connected bv the weftthread' s of twice the length of the weft. The two shuttles of the pair supported bv two adjacent pegs at the distance of a period in the formation of the shed will in the first instance move at the same speed towards where the weaving width commences. When entering the opened first shed the bobbinof the forward shuttle will be released in the manner described by the peg 19 retreating,

purpose being shown in while the bobbin of the following shuttle will still be braked. In spite of this the thread will in the first instance'not commence to unwind from the first bobbin.- When, however, the preceding shuttle has travelledthrou h a distance 2 (Fi' 3), that is to say throu the thread wil be brought to rest in the absolute sense by the first impact of the upwardly moving first lifter, so that the thread half the length 0 the shed,

will commence to be paid out. From this J moment the unrolling of the thread from the first bobbin commences. Between the first interlacing point of'the bobbin and the following shuttle a loop will in the meantime have formed which during the subse uent entry of the second shuttle will at first e made taut, whereupon the second bobbin may commence to ay out its thread.

.ith this arrangement the be inning of the thread need not be fixed untilt e moment vice for the revolving shuttles placed in front the first interlacing. This is different y 'when each shuttle operates by itself with a of it in the plane of the weft path, only the left hand portion of the said device being shown. Fig. 9 is a plan view of the thread grlpper'shown in Fig. 8.

'vc is a line representing the lowest posit on of the lifters 10 and therefore the gauge llne of the revolving shuttles. In the plane of this line rails 20 lead up to the path of the weft, along which the revolving shuttles are fed forward at the velocity with which they subsequently travel through the weaving width. This is effected by the chain 21 which presses by means of the shoes 22 mounted on it at distances corresponding to the shuttle sequence on the bobbins 17 as long as the chain runs in the horizontal direction. By

bobbin as the gripper 9 follows the revolving shuttle at the same speed. As the chain moves outof the horizontal direction the gripper will pull the thread upwards and will release it as soon as it has been interlaced in the fabric being woven. The grippers 9 may be ar- 40 capable of paying out the sai tween them.v 011 t 1e fingers 24' of the jaws sliding along the sliding ath 25 which opens out at the entering end, t e gripper will open and release the thread end.

What happens to the empty revolving shuttles after passing through the weaving width lies outside the $00 e of the present invention. After leaving the s ed they might drop into a collecting device which receives them gently 3 if they are not to be fed to theautomatic winding-device mentioned at the commencement of the specification.

What I claim is:

1. In combination with a loom of the kind in which the shed is formed progressively in an undulating line along the weaving width and a plurality of shuttles travel simultane ousl t rough the weaving width, pluralit of s uttles each wound with a len h of we t thread corres of thread as it travels through the shed and means for causing each shuttle to traversethe weaving width in the path of the weft in one direction only, as and for the purpose set so forth.

2. In combination with a loom of the kind in which the warp threads lie in a plane, the path of the weft is in a straight line, the shed is formed progressively in an undulating line shuttles travel simultaneously through the weaving width, 21. plurality-of shuttles each wound with a'length of weft thread corre-- sponding to the length of a sin le pick and thread as it travels through the shed and means for causing each shuttle to traverse the weaving width in the path of the weft in one direction only, as and for the purpose set forth.

3. In combination with a loom of the kind in which the shed is formed progressively in an undulating line along the weaving width and a plurality of shuttles travel simultaneo ouslv through the weaving width, a plurality of shuttles each consisting of a pair of rollers and a bobbin which is rotatable about the axis of the said pair of rollers, wound with a length of weft thread corresponding to the length of a single pick and capable of paying out the said length of thread as it travels through the shed and means for causing each shuttle. to traverse the weaving width in the path of the weft in one direction only, as and go for the purpose set forth.

4. A loom as claimed in claim 1 and comprising a plurality of heald eyes for displacing the warp threads to form the shed and a plurality of discs or pulleys mounted side by side eccentrically with respect to nding to the length of a single pick and capa le of paying out the said length length of bins for callycurved crank shaft an means for transmitting the motion of the ,said crank shaft to the heald eyes, as and for the pur-' pose set forth. I

5. In combination with a loomof the kind in which the shed is formed progressively one another so as to form to ther a heli-' i discs mounted side by side eccentrically with respect to one another so as to form to ether a helically curved crank' shaft capafile of operating with the lifters forimparting an undulating motion to them as and for the purpose set forth.

6. A loom as claimed in claim '3 and com prising a track for the said shuttles, a chain conveyor for conve ing the shuttles along the said track into t e weaving width, shoes on the said chain for engaglng with the shuttle bobbins and springs on the chain ca able of pressing the shoes against the,

b0 bins for reventing their rotation about the axis of t e rollers while the shuttles are being conveyedinto the weaving width, as and for the pn ose set forth. 3

35 along the weaving width and aplurality of 7. A loom as c aimed in claim 3 and com- .conveyor for conve ing the shuttles along the said track into t e weaving width, shoes on the said chain for engaging with the shuttle bobbins, ,s rin s on t e chain capable of pressing t e s oes against the bobreventing their rotation about the axis of the rollers while the shuttles are being conveyed into the weavin width, grippers on the chain for hol ng the weft thread ends and means capable of coacting with the grippers for causing them to release the weft thread ends after the weft thread has been secured by the first interlace, as and for the purpose set forth;

8. A loom as claimed in claim 3 and com prising a track for the saidshuttles, a-chain conveyor for conve ing the shuttles along 'thre'ad ends and an inclined surface arrangement capable of coacting with the grippers for causing them to release the weft thread ends after the weft thread has been secured by the first interlace, as and for the purpose set forth.

9. A 100m as claimed in claim 1 and in which each pair of successive shuttles are wound with a len h of weft thread corresponding to the ength of two picks and comprising means for causing the thread to be paid out first by the preceding shuttle only and, after the thread has been secured by the first-.interlace, to be paid out by the second shuttle as it enters the weaving with, as and for the purpose set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification.

OTTO PRIMAVESI.

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