US1779033A

US1779033A - Refrigerating system

Info

Publication number: US1779033A
Application number: US218395A
Authority: US
Inventors: Roches Philip W Des
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1927-09-09
Filing date: 1927-09-09
Publication date: 1930-10-21
Anticipated expiration: 1947-10-21

Description

v ant,

`*uNiran STA PHILIP W. D Es noerms,

TES 'PATENT ori-ics OF DETROIT, MICHIGAN BEFRIGERATING SYSTEM i I Application ,led September 9, 1927. Serial No. 218,395.

inventionihas for its object to provide having a valve cona refrifrerating system high and struction located intermediate the low pressure sides of the systemthat will permit the expansion of the liquefied refrigerant in a plurality of units at rates that will produce the maximum efliciency of the apparatus in the performance of its function of chilling a surrounding medium, or associated object, or material. The invention also provides for vinsuring the return of the lubricant that is carried'- from the compressor in the refrigernotwithstanding the repeated cycles through in thevoperations of the system. The lubricantcontent in the refrigerant is controlled by the valve construction and the lubricant is progressively separated from the liquefied re'V frigerant by the' evaporation of the refrigerant and'isintroduced into the vaporized refrigerant in subdivided quantities at a uniand parts forni rate and at substantially uniform subdivided portions.

The invention also provides for the ready assembly and adjustment of the valve parts that constitute the more sensitive and controlling, elements of the valve structure.v i The ,in'vention may be. contained in refrigerating apparatuses which vary in-their details, and,.to illustrate a practical application l' of the invention, I have selected an apparatus l containing the invention as an example of the Fig. 1 illustrates' the parts of the refriger-v various forins of systems that embody my invention, and shall describe it hereinafter.

The refrigerating apparatus selected is shown j in the accompanying drawings.

ating apparatus, which is selected as illustrascf v 'the lubricant separator.. section of. the va'lve structure taken on the tive ,of the various apparatuses embodyingv 'my invention. Fig. 2 illustrates a transverse sectional view o f the release valve structure. 3 illustrates a' vertical sectional view' of Fig. 4' illustrates a .plane of the lineA-L indicated-in Fig. 2. Fig. 5 isaview of a section of apart of the .vestructure sliown inFig. 2 taken on the plane of the line 5,-.-5 indicated in Fig. 2.

Fig. 6 isa view -of Za section of a part of .the

which the refrigerant is subjected to valve structure taken on the plane of `the line 6-6 indicated lin Fig. 2. Fig. 7 illustrates a movable valve member that controls the' movement of the liquefied refrigerant from l the highpressure side of the system to the low pressure side of the system. Fig.: 8 illustrates the valve seat and guide. Fig. 9 illusing cup. Fig. 12 illustrates a third form of v lubricant trapping and separating cu Fig. 13 illustrates a means for removing lu ricant from the bottom of one of the chilling units of the apparatus. rality of baliies that may be used in the casing of the float chamber to prevent surging of the refrigerant into the chilling units of the apparatus.

The system which has been `selected as an example of the various embodiments of my invention, is a combination of a wet and dry system wherein the liquefied refrigerant is allowed to enter a suitable container, or'coils,

lFigl. illustrates a plu- V and be distributed over a heat transmitting surface in order that heat may be absorbed from an associated medium as the liquid is changed to a vapor and, subsequently, as the 'vapor is allowed to expand in succeeding causing separation of the lubricant. Thevlubricant is then progressively, and at a uniform rate, introduced into the vapor which is Y Y drawn to the compressor during the period in which the compressor is in operation.

Thus.

the invention provides for, not only flushing I the liquefied refrigerant through the chilling but it, moreover, prevents the liquefied refrigerant from entering into the compressor. VItalso preventsa continuous stream -ofthe lubricant from entering the compressor.

lThis will assure that the maximum refrigerating effect producible will be performed only V in the chilling units, rather than in the compressor. The chilling effect that is produced in the change, from the liquid to the vapor, to separate it from the lubricant, occurs in one i of the chilling units where it is closely associated with the medium that is to be chilled. It is to be understood, however, that the various features to which theclaims are directed, may be utilized in any form of refrigerating system, either a dry evaporative type or a wet evaporative type, or combinations of these systems. Furthermore, by utilizing the controlling elements that embody the invention in a combination of wet and dry evaporative systems, I obtain the advantages of both of the systems and avoid theJ disadvantages of either of them. This particularly has reference to the heat absorptive power of the system and the control of the lubricant within the refrigerant, and also with respect to the control of the period of the cycle of operations by a pressurestat in place of a thermostat, and as to the quantity of refrigerant used, and the high volumetric capacity of the compressor i thatis obtained in a wet system, and also as to heat storage in the liquefied refrigerant in a degree corresponding to its quantity.

The refrigerant is operated upon periodically by the compressor to produce liquefaction of the refrigerant that during the precedapparatus.

' ing operations has becom-e vaporized. As is well known in connection with such apparatuses, the lubricant used in lubricating the parts of the compressor, is carried away from the compressor in the refrigerant which produces deleterious effects on the refrigerant and greatly diminishes the efficiency of the These injurious results increase as the cyclic operations are performed owing y to the rapid increase ofthe. lubricanticontent within the refrigerant and loss of the lubricant from the compressor, until finally the apparatus loses its efiiciency to such a degree-it,

passes to one or more expansion or evapora.

tive units, or heat absorptive units of the sysk tem. f

The high pressure gas in indicated in the coils3 by the diagonal and more widely separated-parallel lines 6, and the condensed or liquefiedrefrigerant is indicated by the closelydigonal parallel lines 7. The lubricant throughout the refrigerant. Other lubricants ma have a specific gravity that is Greater than the specific gravity of the liqueed ref frigerant, in connection with which it is used, which'will produce a ten nc of the lubricant to settle within the lique ed refrigerant when at rest. Or, on the other hand, the density of the liquefied refrigerant may be greater than that ofthe lubricant which pro-y duces a tendency of the lubricant to ioat on the surface of the liquefiedrefrigerant when the liquefied refrigerant is at rest. Variations 1 of these conditions, however, may occur in other refrigerants and lubricants.v The lubricant, however, may be, in different parts of the apparatus, caught up by the vaporized or liquefied refrigerant and carried before Ait in confined passage-ways of the system.

ln order that the refrigerant may efliciently perform its function of chilling, it is allowed to enter the expansion or low pressure side ofthe system progressively as the liquefied refrigerant, in the expansion side. is vaporized. In order to control this movement from one side of theapparatus to the other side, a releasing valve is located at the end of the pipe 5 which connects the reservoir 4 with the valve casing 10.

rlrhe pipe 5 is connected to the valve header 22 which constitutes a support for the various parts of the valve structure and the interconnecting -means of a plurality of chilling units.

Where one or more of such units are used, the

valve header then forms a compact arrangement that may be made at alow cost of production and all of the controlling and sensi- `tive parts of the apparatus may. be mounted in a single unit and installed as such in the'apparatus. Also, it provides a means whereby the apparatus may be readily repaired and the intercontrol between the parts of the apparatus may be readily adjusted according to the needs that may arise inthe operation of the apparatus f The pipe 5 is connected tothe valve header 22 by suitable threaded bushings and sleeves, such as, the bushing 26 and the sleeve 28. The passage-way of the pipe 5 passes through the sleeve 28 and through a'short pipe 29 that is connected to the sleeve 28. The lower end of the pipe 29 extends Well intofthe chamber 25 that is formed, or drilled, in the valve header 22. A second pipe 30 extends to near the top ofthe chamber25, so that the pipes 29 and 30 have over-extending portions. The- Chamber 25 in conjunction with thepipes 29., and 30 provide a trap for any water'or dirt, and other extraneous matter that .may exist in the refrigerantor may be formed therein thin wall between the inner end of the openthe movable valve member 40. The ratio of the effect-ive area. vof, the passage-way. ofthe chamber 25 to the openinv 17 1s such as to by reactions that may occur, and for any scale or metal particles that may collect from the inner `surface of the apparatusin the opera tions'of the system.

Preparatory to utilizing the apparatus, I

have found, 1n the caseoffcertain refrigerants, that it is desirable to provide for. the removal of vwater because'of its tendency to .freeze in the refrigerant in the refrigerant part of the system which reduces the eiiciency of the system and may prevent its operation. It is l practically impossible'to remove all of 7 the moisture from the apparatus preparatory to the introduction of the refrigerant and,

moreover, the refrigerant itself often is highand other particles that will collect in they chamber 25. An opening is formed in the wall ofthe valve header 22 at the bottom of the lchamber'which extends from the outside of the header to a point near the inner surface of the chamber 25 and so as toleave a very ing and the surface of the chamber 25. Preferably, the opening 19 is formed with a conical inner end having a relatively large altitudeas compared tothe base of the cone to the inner end portion of the surface of the opening 19.- When, therefore, theapparatus has been running a short period, the low tem-` perature that is maintained in the valve header, owingto the expansion of the refrigerant, will causeth'e'moisture to be collected in the chamber '25 and will be, moreover, subject to the very bighpressure -that is created by the compressor. To remove the -liquid and other material that ma havev collected in the chamber 25, 'a small llo apex of the conical surface through separating wall portion and, owin thel thin to the very highpressure that the materia .within it will be quickly the chamber is subjected, blown out. A soft metal pellet is immediately rammed in to effectively seal the opening and is'. subsequently backed up :with solderl that is introduced inthe opening .19.

deposition and trapping` of foreign material e-way leads 'in' the chamber 25A and the passag very small opening 17, that is4 controlled by give a vervvslow velocity ofa the fluid through s the. chambery 25 to allow` the ldeposition and vsolid material, into the apparatus.

i movable valve. me

le iS drilled i? the .protruding portion 141:; formsi a guide for to a. chamber 18,..whose outlet'is through a.

collect-ion of foreign material in the chamber 25. Furthermore, the valve control opening 17 is protected by va screen 39 located in the chamber 18 which further prevents the movement of foreign material particularly foregln e screen 39 is so located in the valve header-22 that it may be readily removed and cleaned of foreign lnaterial. Thus I have provided means in my valve header whereby therefrigerant may. be kept clean from all'foreign liquids rent 1n lthe functioning 'of theV refrigerant.

The chamber 18 is formedwithin a hollow cap screw 37 and a hollow .retaining screw 36. The inner' end of the chamber 18 being formed by the outer end ofthe removable valve seat and guide 35, which has the opening 17 that forms the outlet of the chamber 1,8. A tapped opening is formed in the header 22 andfa smaller opening extends from the inner end of the ta'pdped opening and concentric with the tappe opemng to the inner side of the header 22. rllhe .valve seat or guide-35 is located at the bottom of the tapped opening'and extends through the Ismaller opening 32 to the inside of the valve seat and guide 35 has casing 10. The valve that `forms a shoulder a flanged portion 16 that islocated against the en'd of the tapped l openingy and about the smaller opening 32.

The valveseat and guide is also provided with a reduced 'cross-sectional varea; portion 15l that fits the opening 32 and extends a shortdistance in the opening 32, but not entirely therethrough. The innerendof the guide 35 terminatesin a still further reduced cross-sectional area protruding portion 14,

and material that may act as a deterleaving an annular space between the portion 14 and the-surface of the opening 32. TheA valve seat 13 is located in the portion 15 and at the inner end of the opening 17 and coaxial therewith an opening 12. is-form'ed Y portion 14, .in which the inthe protruding ber 40 is located'. The

the valvemember'flO. A slot 11 iscut from oneside of the valve guide-and seat 35 toa point on the opposite side 'of the opening 12. The innere'dge .of the valve seat-13 is located at the surface .of the slot 11 and so that as the valve member-40 is moved. from the s eat to open the opening 1-7, theuid will have The outlet of the chamber 25 is; preferably, .i opportunity to freely aow fr'om :thei'vconnej located at. its upper end4 to vprovide for the ment of the'. small opening 17 'which immediately releases the .pressure of theiiuid as it .escapes into the larger passage-way lthat is formedl by the slot 11l and vthe spaceformed between the'sinfa'ces of the 'opening 432 in the header b22, andthe cylindrical proenough Vto fillv the'coil 11and the .valve casing 10'to the depth v:normally deterany desired manner.

suitable gasket 38 located intermediate the l may be a sheet metal I nate all ossibility o mined by thc valve 40 seat. j l

The valve guide and seat 35is not only held in position by the fitting of the picrtion l5 in the opening 32, but also by the hollow 36 which .is threaded. into` header 22. The retaining screw 36 is castellated in order that it-may be en a ed with a suitable .Spanner wrench to loc the valve guidel 35 in position. The screen 39 may be secured coaxial with the opening 17 in spot welded to the outer face of the valve guide in its relation 4`the movement' of the fluid that `passage-way from the top ofthe chamber 25. ,Also, the opening in the hollow cap screw 37 has a diameter, preferably, substantially the same as that of the opening in the retainin screw 36, which completes the formation o the'chamber 18 in which the screen 39 is located. Thev communication between the chamber 18 and the passage-wa leading fromthe chamber 25 is throng the slots ofthe castellated retaining-'screw and the small space `between the -outer endl' of the cap screw. Thevtapiped opening inf byv meansv of a the -valve header 22 is scale valve header 22 and the lange of the cap screw 37. c I The valve casing 10 is formedfof the valve header 22 and the shell 20.' The shell V2() container for enclosing theoperati-ve parts of the valve, yVoir for the receipt of the liquefied refrig erant.' The sheet metal 'dome shaped or to the header 22, w ic is `formed, 4'preferably tion 20 1s secured Y l of a forgmg to elimi blow holes, etc. Th shell 2 0 as a'flange 21 that is-clamped be# tween the ring 23 and the header by means' the ange 21 and the able low maintain the gas tight seal of the shell' 20.

The innepsurfacefoLthe valve header 22- andthe surface of theange 21 may be sur-v face vground to no g 1 it may bensubmergedjn coat-Qwith the,l interposed asket to seal` theinterior'of the valve casi- -mg 1 0.' The entireyeonstruction isSUch that ,a tin bath for per-.

pressed dome shaped.L

he machine Vscrews 24 that are threaded;` m into the header'22. s uitable s oft'metal gas liquid displacement member that operates the valve 40. The valve 40slidably `moves in the rotruding 'portion 14-oflthe valve 'guide 5' and is connected'to the displacement member 49 which is moved accordin to the quantity of the refrigerant liquid that :casing` 10. The displacement Amember 49 hasfaa'iarm 46 that is pivot-ally supported onf-the valve header 22. Preferably,l vthe valve header 22 is provided witha bracket 41that may be spot welded to the header 22. Preferably, the bracket 41 hasan annular portion 42 pro- 1"inopenin 43 formed in the head 44 of themovab e valve member 40, so that as the displacement member 49 is raised and lowl@re by changes in the level of the liqueed refrigerant in the casing 10 and the counterba ancing spring or springs 50, the lug 45 will operate as `a crank to slidably move the valve member 40 in the valve guide f'to close and open the small passageway `The inner `end ofthe valve 'member .40 is provided with a teat, or needle, 51 which 1.extends substantially through the opening 17. f any particle of foreign material p'should enter the opening 17 that would, more or less, clog the passage-way through 'the-ope ning, the teat 51 will displace it and 'keep the opening practically free for free ovementof the fluid therethrough.

. e arrangement of the valve support is that it may read-ily removed and its surrounding parts readily cleaned of any material'that mayl collect therein and the 'valve seat may ybe adjusted with reference l v.the level of the liquid that is contained withithe valve casing 10 and so as to odify, as desired, the regulative effect of lacement member 49.- When any ad- A 4 made, orlwhen it is desired to inspect the operating conditions of the .control elements of the valve, the screw ca p 3'? is removed and then the hollow retaining screw 36 is likewise re- Imoved, whereupon the valve guide and seat 37 may be withdrawn from its position in the opening'32. This leavespthe movable .valve member40 free so that it maybe lifted the rounded lugl `45and withdrawn the valve casing-IIL `'I`he-seair13 may befthen readily inspected through the Aslot 11i-'land the'screen 39 may be cleaned, and,

f ifjd'esired, `vthe level -of the liquid at which dwlth a round headed lug 45 that fits y within the desired limits', may te adjusted or varied by the insertion of spacing gaskets made. The-'end of the projecting part 14 is made conical in order that 'the endiof the valve may be guided to the opening 12.

The refrigerant liquid in the valve casing 10 passes downward through the pipe 58, which is connected to the header 22 and enters the coil 11 which is also con'- nected to the header 22 through the pipe 59. The passage-way in the header that communicates with the' pipe .59, terminates in an outlet 61 which is located above the inlet. of the pipe 58. v'The outlet 61 is, preferably, at the level of the liquid that is `maintained by the'displacement 49 in its control of the valve 40. The location of theoutlet 61-may be varied as to its height las may be desired. Owing to the fact that the coil 11 absorbs a. large quantity of heat from the surrounding medium, there is a constant change fromthe liquid to the gas within the coil 11 which causes a rapid' circulation of the liquidthrough the coil. 'The openings, therefore, lin the valve header v22,

- are made larfge so as to allow for the free circulationA o the liquid and 4of thecolleetion ofthe gas from kthe coil which rises through the' header and entersv the valve casing 10. As the liquid changes to the gas,

10, allowing an additional quantity of the l' liquid to enter the valve casing. As the liquid in the casing 10. and thelcoilll changes to a s, the level lof the liquid' in y the 'casing 10 1s lowered thereby, whichloss in -ilevel isA compensated for by additional -liquid refrigerant admitted tothe inside of. the casing 10 by the action of the displacement member 49 on the valve plunger 40.'

` If desired, the coil-11 -may be-entirely eliminated which will-change it from what might be termed a wetv evaporative. system tov a Adry f evaporative system .or from a flooded system to tan expansive system. The` elimination of the coil 11 convertsthe system into a dry system, or an expansive system, for the reaSOn'that the. system' will be dependent for its operation on the evaporation and expulsion of the lowpressure liq- 'A uidv contained in `tlhe valvecasing. Thus, by my invention, it possibleto'secure the advantages of a llioat chamber located on the lowv pressure side of a compressionrefrigerr system for admitting refrigerant f ende hol,

thereto with on1y-aI relatively small quantit of refrigerant.`

' lhe vaporlzed refrigerant passes through a fpipe which is provided o openings 56. T e openings 56 are, pre

erably, made small so that the pipe-55 will act as a baiiie to prevent the entrance of liquid refrigerant into the pipe 55 in case of undue agitation of the .liquid or the formation of foam in the valve casing 10. If desired, the pipe 55fmay be provided with a baiiie 57 located on the exterior of the pipe. The pipe 55 is connected to the header 22 and terminates `near the pipe 66, that also extends in a bore 64 formed in the header 22. VThe diameter of lthe bore 64 is considerably larger than the exterior diameter of the pipe with a pluralitfy 66. rlhe bore 64 extends well below the p ointl of entrance of the pipe 55 in the header 22, `and the pipe 66 extends to near the bottom of the bore 64. The pipe 66 has avery small opening 70 and the eliective area of.

the communication through the opening 70 is adusted by means of a threaded conical plug 74. A valve 67 is located on'theV Vexit end of the pipe 66 and is spring pressed, or loaded, by means of the spring 68 which operates to-yieldingly resist the opening of the' valve 67. Thus' the gas will escape through the valve casing 10, the pipe y55 and the pipe 66, according to the pressurethat is created in the valve casing as controlled by the valve 67 The pipe 66 is held in posit1on by a flanged, endwhich `substantially iits the tapped opening and an elbow 65 is screwed into the tapped opening so as to clamp the flanged end of the pipe 66 and thusv `SS level iS 'lowered Within the Valve Casing -be closed bythe refrigerantliquid during the idle compressor period in the cycle ofthe operations and the gas that comes from 'the pipe 55 will normally leak throughthe opening' 70 as the pressure rises force open the valve 67 suiciently to A second coil 12 which, preferably, has a diameter much smaller than the coil 11, is

connected to the elbow 65 through thel pipe 71. In thecoil 12 there is also the usual expansion-and during the expansion there is also the usual absorption of heat. Thegas then passes Yinto the liquid refrigerant Atrap .wherel it likewise absorbs heat from the sur- 'rounding medium by further expansion.

When the com ressor is in operation, the' vapor is drawn y om the chilling units that may .be contained in a suitable vat 14 and submerged, if desired, in any anti-freeze' solution, such as brine, or water and alcosuita glycerne vand water, etc., located in a levat. This produces a low pressure in the trap` and separator 13 and in the coil c 12. This 1n turn draws the vapor from within the valve casing 10 and causes rapid evap.

cio

'contained in the valve casing 10.l It also draws any liquid that may collect in the bore 64 of the header 22. Also, the lowercnd of the bore V64 is connected -with the bottom ot' the casing 10 by means of the pipe 63 which is covered at its outer end by means of 'a sieve 62 which, together with its outer end, lies on the bottom, r substantially at the bottom, of the valvdJ casing 10. -Thus thel liquid contained in the valve casing 10 will be drawn-through the opening 73 into the bore 64 by the suction produced b the compressor, and will pass through te coil 12 and into the lubricant antloliquid refrigerant trap 13. Also', if it is desired to draw the liquid from the coil'll, the pipe 63, shown in Fig. 4, may be extended from the openinr 731Mo the pipe'58 and downward through the'ipipe 58 to the lower end of the coil 11, shown in Fig. 13, where the sieve 62 may be used to strain the liquidJ that passes into the pipe 63, and upwards and into the bore 64.

There will be thus roduceda uniform circulation of the refrigerant and also there will be maintained a uniform dissemination of the lubricant throughout the refrigerant. The liquid mixture will be caught in the trap 13 where opportunity will be given :t'oi` the refrigerant to vaporize and the lubricant to progressively separate from the refrigerant and finally enter in subdivided portions at a uniform rate into the vapor `which is i drawn through the trap and also that which is formed in the trap.

The trap 13 may partake of a variety of forms. The trap shown in the drawings is a cylindrical sheet metal container having a plurality of cups that will entr'ap the liquid that enters through the pipe 12. Each of the cups 8O are provided with a flanged opening located in lts bottom, thela'nge of the opening extending to near the level of the top edgey ofthe cup. I'n order to revent free flow of the, liquid that may enter t rough the pipe 12, into the trap 13, the anged openings are suitably staggered, one relative to the other as shown in Fig. 3. :If desired,

the fianged` openings may Abe centered and made conical ln'form so as to guide the overflow of the liquid to one side of the Hange of each lower cup and thereby trap the overfiow in the next lower cup. Also, the fian ed openings within the trap 13 permit the ee movement of the vapor -through thetrap 13' and the low pressure created by the compresser` 1, that is transmitted through the ipe 84, causes .the vaporiz'ation of the re# igerant located within the cups'and thev vapor that is thus formed will pass Ithrough the anged'o'penings into 'the pipe "84 and to thel compressor 1.

The .cups are provided with openings- 82 located in the bottoms o f the cups which allow the lubricant and sornel of theliquid re- -frigerant slowly tol drainfrom each vcup into the succeeding cup. y As the liquids progress,

the refrigerant is evaporated until finally y from the last cup the lubricant will drip into the space that communicates with the pipe 84, and so thatit will be gradually and progrcssively collected and snatched by the vapor through the. pipe 84 into the com-l pressor, lthereby uniformly directing the separated lubricant tothe compressor.

f The liquid retaining means may partake l of diercnt forms, a single cup of consldcrable diameter may beused, or a yplurality of cups may be utilized, the object being to trap the mixture of liquids that pass from the coil 12 and until they are separated by dis-- tillation, or by overor under-'flow of one of the liquids. A

In` the particular form of construction shown in Fi 3, a plurality of cups are used and each o the cups are provided with flanged openings 81, and also are provided with minute openings 82. The flanged openings V81 permit the movement of the liquids through. the cups by its overflowing the flanges and also permits the movement of the vapor, that is created by the suction of the compressor, Whilethe openings 82 permitthe gradual movement of the lubricant from one cup to another and finallyv from the lowermost cup into the vapor that is being drawn to the compressor.

In the form of cup shown in 11, thev flanged opening is conical in form which will l Y direct the overflow down the upwardly sloping surface and yso that it will be caught by the cup below. One advantage of the form of cup shown in Fig.v 11, Athe movement of I f the vapor through the cup Will tend to blow the liquid in all directions away from 'the flanged opening, and thus insure .that each succeeding cup will be filled with the liquid contained in the fluid that is being drawn through the trap by means of the compressor. The fluid is largely a mixture of refrigerant vapor, refrigelant liquid and'more or less foamy or vaporous liquid lubricant and refrigerant.

I'y ythe form of cup shown'in Fig. 12, the cup isv made somewhat crescent shaped andy the side Wall of. the cup` forms vits .flanged outlet at on'e side of the cup and between the side of the cup and the wall of the container, orrtrap'- 13. .The openings that are thus formed by the shape of the cup, with reference to the wallof thetrap 13, are also staggered'lwith referenceto each other in the same manner that the openings of the `cups shown in- FigsQSand 10 are staggered relative to each other, and so as to trap the liquids that may be carried by the uids that are drawn by the compressor from the chill-- ing units 'of ,the apparatus.

-The construction of the coil `12 and the trap 13, must be ofsuch a. character that they will causetheevaporation of 'substantially all of they liquid' refrigerant -that may be drawninto these parts by the compressor,

and this, evaporization should 'take' place` during the period in which the compressor is in operation;

- During this operation ofthe-compressor, there is a tendency to produce a considerable agitation vwithin the valve casing 10. andin f vorder to prevent agitation of the liquid con-4 Kbe spaced therefrom sufficiently to prevent.

' 'any interference with the operation of the v vided passageway from the 'to the second chilling unit during the slow '3'5 frigerant at a predetermined rate-during the compression period of the operation of thel apparatus through located in 3. In a com displacement member in its control or action f of the movable valve 'member 40. Also, the 2o baies 9() will prevent too free movement of the froth that mayexist in the valve casing 10, through the pipe 5 5, when the compressor is in operation..

'Iclaim: 1. In a compression refrigerating system, a compressor, a plurality of chilling units connected in series vto the compressor, a l'iquid level responsive release valve for admituting liqueedurefrigerant to the rst .of the 30- a divided passage'for adone part of the difirst chilling unit said chilling units, mitting vapor throughevaporativeperiod of the operation of the refrvigerating -appa .r' atus` and liquefied reanother part of'the divided passageway.' 1 Y' l 1 2. In a compression refrigerating system, acompressor, a r frigerating unit, a 'valve casing having a v lve header, a 'release valve the valve casing and supported .on the valve header for admitting liquefied refrigerant into the refrigerating unit, the in` let and the outlet of theIrefriger-ating unit connected to the valve casing through theV valve header, a trapcommunicating with the valve casing through the valve'header, a trap communicating with the :valve casing through the valve header for retaining the liquefied refrigerant and the lubricant until the refrigerant has evaporated and the lubricant is discharged in the evaporated-refrigerant.

ression refrigerating system, a compressor, a valvecasing havinga valve header, a release valve located in the casing and supported on the header for admitting 'liquefied refrigerant. into the valvecasing, the header having a chamber located in the header and intermediate the Acompressor andthe valve, the header 'having a bored' portion,

- and a thin wall for separating the bored porltion from the chamber whereby material may ing unit connected fthe bottom of the` well.

be removed from the refrigeratin'g 'appara- 1 2l. In a compression refrigerating system-,a

compressor, a-valve casing having a valve header, afrelease valve located inthe casing and ,supported on the" headerfor admitting liquefied refrigerant into the valve casing, the valve .header having a vchamberin vthe 'passageway leading to the valve seat anda screen located in thevchamber and surround ing the inlet Controlled by thevalve.

5. In a compression refrigerating syst-em,

a coinpressona refrigeratingunit, avalve casing' having a valve header, a release valve located in the valve casing and supported-on the valve header for admitting vliquefied refrigerant into the refrigerating unit, the iiilet and the outlet of the refrigerating unitthrough the connected .to' the valve casing valve header, a trap communicating with the valve casing through the valveheader.'

6. In a compression refrigerating system, a

compressor, a' liquid refrigerant container, a

chilling unit, a level controlled release valve located intermediate theV containernand 'a chilling unitzand controlledjby the the level of the liquid in the container for controlling Y 'A' the movement of the liquefied refrigerant-to the chilling unit, al second valve located between thecont'ainer and the chilling unit for maintaining the pressure in the container greater than that in the chilling unit.

7. In a compression refrigerating systemga compressor, a plurality of chilling units sur-' rounded by a common medium, a liquid levrel responsive 'releasing valve'in ,the first ,ghill-v located' between vthe ing unit, va second valve first chilling unit and the other chillingunits,

, a passage-way having @restrictedl opening located in advance of the last named valve for fluid to'A they-last named valve.

controlling the movement of therefrigerant 8'. In a compression refrigerating sys t em,.a

compressor, a liquid refrigerant reservoir for receiving the liquefied refrigerant from the compressor, a valve casing-having-a valve header connected to theJ reservoir, a valve member located in theheader for admitting refrigerant liquid to the valve casing from the reservoir' and controlled by the level ofthe liquid refrigerant in 'the casing, the header having a well,'the lower extremityof the well located below the level o f the liquid inthe.

casing, the well ing at two points, one communicating with the casing above the level of the liquid and low the level of the header Lconnected to4 thev reservoir, a valve` communicating with the casthe other communicating with the casing-beliquid, and a refrigeratto the well at a point near member located in vthe'hea-der for admitting `refrigerant liquid to the valve casing and controlled by the level of the liquid refrigerant in the casing, a well located 4in the header having its lower extremity located below the level of the liquid in the casing, the well communieating with the casing at two points., .one communicating with the'casing above the level of the liquid and the other communi'- `eating with the casing. below the level ofthe liquid, a refrigerating unit connected to near the bottom 'of the well, and a bleeder opening in the connection of the wellvwith lthe refrigeratin'g unit. l l g v10. In a compression refrigerating system,

a valve casing having a-valve header, a float located in the cas/ing, the` valve headerhaving an opening,l a valve :member located in the header and controlled bythe level of the liquid refrigerant in the casing, a removable plug 'for closing the, opening, the valve member removably connected to the float, a valve seat located in the plug, 'whereby the valve` member 'and the plug may be withdrawn through the opening in the header without displacement of the float. l

In witness whereof I-have hereunto signed my name to this specication.

PHILIP W.`DES 'ROCIIES.