Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D21H23/00—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
  • D21H17/61—Bitumen

Definitions

• the process of this invention is concerned with the manufacture of fibrous compositions and comprises a new and novel methodfor securing an intimate combination of'various types of sizes, binders and waterproofing agents with various types of fibers and fibrous tent'of asphalt, and more particularly a higher percentage than has hitherto been feasible.
• asphalt paper There are today in vogue two processes for the manufacture of asphalt paper; the usual procedure consists in first forming a sheet of paper and then impregnating and coating this with asphalt, exemplified 1n the manufacture of asphalt roofing; the second process, commonly referred to as the Kirschbraun process, which is essentially a sizing process,
• ess concerns the forming a preliminary mass of fibers and binder in which the water is not a circulating medium, and in which water is used in relatively small quantities.
• binlder such as asphalt prior to forming a u p T he resent invention is advantageous over those above noted in economy of operations, extremely wide ranges of materials and proportions, and uniform excellence of product under varying conditions.
• bitumen having widely different physical properties ranging from those which are appreciably soft at ordinary temperatures to those which are hard and brittle at such temperatures and do not soften except at quite elevated temperatures;
• bitumen can be incorporated with the fiber than is the case with either of the two processes now in use, and previously referred to, it being possible hereby to manufacture a sheet containing as much as 80% of bitumen by weight;
• novel pulp which is the basic product of this invention can be formed into sheets or boards or other shapes by means of ordinary pulp handling equipment.
• bitumen or bituminous m the specification and claims herewith, we include the as phalts, tars and pitches, and the blown oils which are physical equivalents in this art.
• this invention in one of its aspects, resides in the discovery that when wet sheets of paper or pulp are 1nt1- mately mixed with a fluid or semi-solid binders, a product is obtained which can readily be reduced to a workable pulp on the addition thereto of a further quantity of water and through a mechanical agency, such as a paper mill beater.
• a mechanical agency such as a paper mill beater.
• mixers can be used for the incorporation of the wet fibers and bitumen, but generally we prefer to work with a kneading machine, of which the well-known Werner-Pfleiderer mixer is an example.
• mixing is not continuous but is by batches, and mixing machines which include extrusion apparatus may be used to provide for continuous delivery of mixed material.
• mixing machines which include extrusion apparatus may be used to provide for continuous delivery of mixed material.
• ⁇ Ve do not regard the method of mixing to be of primary importance.
• bitumen When using bitumen in a gummy or adhesive condition, it is imperative to add further Water to the fibers before the bitumen has adhesively coated the fibers. ⁇ Vith various proportions of bitumen and fiber the mixing temperature should be kept up sufiiciently high that the bitumen does not solidify C0111- pletely.
• the product of the mixer before the addition of water can be so readily handled, and as lon as it is kept moist is so stable that it can be shipped to distant points and there formed into a pulp or used as an ingredient in a beater. It is hence an article of manufacture that is quite novel and connnercially useful.
• the pulp In the form in which the pulp goes to the paper-making machine it can be characterized as an intimate mixture of fibers throughout which the bitumen is distributed.
• the bitumen is largely suspended as discrete peers, apparently through the enmeshing action of the highly individualized fibers, said Hill ill!
• Some of the fi rs ar e dom etely or partially .coated with a thin, semi-transparent film of bitumen.
• the material has the characteristics otherwise of a regular fibrous ulp.
• the bituminous pulp can be felted by any of the common paper-making ractices. When usin soft bitumens, it may e necessary to coo artificially, the .water in which the pulp is suspended, andto exercise other precautions within the discretion of the skilled operator.
• Asphalt .A refined asphalt having a ball and ring softening point of 142 F.; a penetration range of:
• Example 71 A The asphalt used in Example I was blown with air at a temperature of 450 F. for differentjperiods of time in order to prepare thereby a series of asphalts of increasingly higher softening points.
• this series as bel0w,a 40-60 ratio of newsprint to the following asphalts was used:
• the nature of the fibrous material has a marked efl'ect on the quality of the finished sheets made from the bituminous pulp of. this invention.
• the long and stronger fibers will make a sheet showing higher physical tests than newsprint .Which contains only about 25% of long fiber stock, the remainder being short 'fibered ground wood;
• Series A Fiber Newsprint-5 O% Kraft pulp-50%
• Series B Fiber Kraft pulp'-100%
• a sheet (Series A) having a ream weight of 133 pounds showed a bursting strength of 43.8 pounds per square inch as against a sheet from Series B having a ream weight of 138 pounds and a burstmg strength of 69 pounds to the square lnch.
• the higher test for Series B is attributable to the larger percentage of long-fibered kraft pul irrious optional procedures may be resorted to for the handling of an asphaltized pulp when prepared in accordance with the process herein described. For example, 1t is entirely feasible to prepare a pulp having a maximum content of asphalt and then dilute this with untreated pulp of any kind in the beater operation.
• Another variable which is of some importance in the preparation of this asphaltized pulp is the temperature of the beater water.
• warm beater water is detrimental in the instance of the softer asphalts, and that the proper temperature for beating any given asphalt-containing pulp, is a matter of empirical determination. If, at the temperature of beating, the asphalt is too soft, there may develop a tendency for the initially small and discrete particles to agglomerate and collect between the beater blades.
• the asphalt used in Example I should preferably be beaten at or below F., while in the case of the harder asphalts used in Examples II and III it may be found advantageous to heat the water.
• bitumen While the process has been specifically described in reference to the preparation of an asphaltic or bituminous ulp no limitation to the use of bitumen is t ereby intended or implied. In place of bitumen, various materials can be handled to advantage and to secure a new and novel result. For exam le, we have successfully replaced the asphalt in part or whole by waxes and gums, such as parafiin and kauri. Also we have used rubber in combination with various fluxes, such as ine oil, and vegetable and animal oil pitches.
• artially oxidized drying oils such as boiled linseed, constitute another class of materials adaptable to this process.
• these binders and sizing agents are not used in an emulsified state, the fact that they may not be emulsifiable is not a limitation in the present instance.
• the material to be mixed with the fibers be adhesive and extensible enough to distribute the fiber. It is found that using a liquid, or semi-solid, binder, preferably in the presence of heat, which is capable of coating the fiber, and mixing it with wet fibrous material, which mixing is carried on until the ingredients are about to go together and seem to form a uniform looking mass in the mixing machine, and then adding a further amount of water and proceeding with the mixing, will result in a mass which can be pulped in a beater and thereafter treated in almost any manner in which pulp can be treated.
• a fibrous product consisting of wetted fibers intimately associated with a heat plastic binder, in which the fibers have the characteristic of substantially immediately absorbing more water.
• a fibrous roduct consistin of wetted fibers intimate yassociated wit a coating substance in which the fibers have the characteristic of immediately absorbing more water.
• the process of preparing a waterproof fibrous combination comprising the steps ofmechanically distributing a heat plastic waterproof material when a non-solid throughout a mass of wetted fibers without the use of an emulsifying agent, the water present being insufiicient to act as a circulating medium, and thereafter forming a pulp from the mixture and forming a Web therefrom on a paper machine.
• the process of preparing a waterproof fibrous combination comprising the steps of mechanically distributing a heat plasticwaterproof material throughout a mass of wetted fibers without a the use of an emulsifying agent in the presence of heat, the water present being insufiisient to act as a circulating medium, and thereafter forming a pulp from the mixture and forming a web therefrom on a paper machine.
• That process of makin a fibrous pul which consists in the steps 0? mixing wette fibrous material in the presence of a water immiscible binder in an adhesive and extensible condition to a substantiall uniform mass without makin the fibers dry, but in which there is insu cient water to act as a circulating medium, and thereafter incorporating further Water into the mass accompanied by mechanical treatment to the extent of forming a pulp.
• the process of preparing a fibrous material for pulping comprising the steps of mixing the wetted fibrous material in the presence of a binding material which is in an adhesive and extensible condition to a substantially uniform mass without making the fibers dry, and with insufiicient water to form a pulp, thereafter adding further water and continuing the mixing through mechanical treatment.
• That process of making a fibrous-pulp which consists in the mastication of a mass of wetted pulp stock and a bituminous binder by kneading in a heated compartment while maintaining therein sufiicient water to prevent the adhesive coating and agglomeration of the individual fibers, but insufiicient to prevent the kneading operation, and thereafter reducing the resulting material to a Watery pulp by further addition of water.
• That process of making a fibrous pulp which consists in the mastication of a mass of wetted pulp stock and a bituminous binder by kneading in a heated compartment while mixing the wetted material in the presence of hot bitumen without making the fibers dry and in the absence of sufiicient water to act as a circulating medium, thereafter adding further water and continuing the mixing through mechanical treatment.

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• 1928
  • 1928-11-01 US US316611A patent/US1771150A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1929
  • 1929-10-18 GB GB31746/29A patent/GB341542A/en not_active Expired
  • 1929-10-22 DE DER79559D patent/DE591112C/de not_active Expired
  • 1929-10-23 BE BE364744D patent/BE364744A/xx not_active Expired
  • 1929-10-26 FR FR683976D patent/FR683976A/fr not_active Expired

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