US1769894A - Furnace-arch construction - Google Patents

Description

July 1, 1930. H. H. WONNING 1,769,894

FURNACE ARCH CONSTRUCTION Filed June 18. 1926 2 Sheets-Sheet l l -sifi 42 351;; j Swot 1401;;

July 1, 1930. H. H. WONNING FURNACE ARCH CONSTRUCTION Filed June 18. 1926 2 Sheet-Sheet 2 Patented July 1, 1930 entree stares HARVEY H. WONNING, OF NEXV YORK, N.

CORPORATION, OF NEW YORK, N.

FURNACE 453G Application filed June 18,

The present invention relates to the linings of a shaft type furnace or gas generator.

A type of shaft furnace or gas generator is lrnown having vertical co-axial zones of different diameters one above the other, the zones of larger diameter being below those of smaller diameter or section, adjacent zones being connected by arches commonly made as fiat as possible. In the operation of gas generators of the type just mentioned, a great deal of difliculty has been caused by the rapid deterioration of the materials at the corners of the flat arches and the lower face of the upper cylindrical sections of smaller diameter or horizontal cross-section.

One of the objects of the present invention is to avoid the difficulties and expenses flowing from the rapid deterioration of the lining adjacent a flat arch.

A second object of the present invention is to provide an arrangement whereby key blocks at the intersections of flat arches and cylindrical zone walls of gas generator or furnaces may be removed through the exterior of the structure and without taking down the cylindrical walls or the fiat arches.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an arrangement whereby keying means at the intersections of flat arches and vertical zone walls may be made in sections and removable for replacement without stopping the gas generator or furnace.

Further objects and advantages of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawing in which a Fig. l is a central vertical section through a shaft furnace or gas generator having sections of differentdiameters one above the other, and illustrating an arch construction embodying the preferred form of the invention.

Fig. 2 is a detail in plan of a portion of a furnace or generator and showing several adjacent water cooled metal key blocks embodying the present invention as arranged in position for use, the brick-work being re moved for purposes of illustration. Fig. 3 is a detail elevation of a mt lk y PATENT OFFECE Y., ASSIGNOR TO COMBUSTION UTILITIES Y., A CORPORATION OF MAINE CONSTRUCTION 1926. Serial No. 118,790.

block construction of Fig. 1 looking outward from inside the generator; and

Fig. 4 is a central vertical section through the flat arch construction illustrated in Fig. 3.

In the drawing, 10 indicates as a whole a gas generator of the shaft type having a lower section or heat zone 12 of relatively large diameter or horizontal cross-section and an upper section or carbonizing zone l l of relatively small diameter or cross-section. The zones 12 and 14 are surrounded by outer masonry walls or shells 16 and 18 respectively which may be of cylindrical form as illustrated, but the construction of which in general forms no part of the present invention. Asillustrated, moreover, the generator 10 is provided at the upper end of the zone 14: with a hollow inlet cone 2() for feeding the coal or other fuel into the generator, the lower end of the cone 20 being controlled by a valve 22 or the like so as to cut off or admit to the generator 10 coal or other fuel coming down through the hollow cone. A hollow hood 24 is mounted at the upper end of the zone 14 which is provided with an outlet pipe 26 through which gas may be taken off. Within the hood 24, moreover, is suspended a smaller auxiliary gas discharging hood 28 reaching down within the body to the zone let and having gas discharging pipes 30, connected thereinto near its upper end.

At the lower end of zone 12 is a hollow discharging cone 34 through which ashes or coke may pass downwardly out of the apparatus. At the upper end of the cone 34: ad ja-cent its connection with the section 16 are placed power operated rams or pushers 36, 36, operated by cylinders 38, as well as a rotating agitation cone located near the central vertical axis of the apparatus for maintaining coke or similar material in a somewhat loosened condition whereby the operation of the pushers 36, 36, in urging the coke or other substances into the discharge cone 84 is facilitated. The above described relates only to a typical structure in which the present invention may be embodied.v

The junction between the upper end of wall 16 and the lower end of wall'lS is formed largely by a flat arch e2 which exscribed having flat arches contacting directly with the lower ends of the walls of superimposed smaller zones of the generator, it has been found that deterioration of the refractory at the angle formed between an arch and the wall immediately above it has been rapid and that the expense of maintaining such structures has been very high. Moreover, the time taken out of the operation of. the enerator for repairs on account of the tron he just mentioned has been relatively high.

According to the present invention there are placed between the flat arch 42 and the upper. wall 18, a course or series of hollow water cooled metal key blocks 44, 44. The bricks or'blocks 46, 46, forming the inner course of the flatarch 42, Fig. 4, are bevelled so that when in place their upper faces form a conical surface 48 inclined to the horizontal preferably at an angle of about 45 while the lower sides of blocks 44 contact with bricks 46 along the surface 48. The blocks 44 are hollow, opening to the atmosphere when in place through mouths 50 having edges lying in vertical planes. The upper surface or side 52 of blocks 44 lies parallel to the surface 48, the wall being mounted in the furnace lining at substantially 45 to the horizontal. When the blocks 44 are in place they extend downwardly and inwardly mm the outside. of shell 18 to a point not far removed from the inner surface of the wall 18 at its lower end. block 44 connects with a vertical wall 54 the lower end of which is approximately on the same level with the lower edge of the bricks 56 forming the lower course of the wall 18. Each of the blocks 44 has a hollow half round projection or bulb 58, which connects with the lower edges of the wall 54. Each of the hollow key blocks 44 is provided with two outwardly projecting fins 60 and 62 respectively. Fins 60 are fixed to bulbs 58 in a substantially vertical position and are arranged to enter recesses formed in bricks 56 in the lerwer course of the wall 18. Similarly the fins 62 project outwardly from the surface of the wall 52 and into complementary recesses in the bricks 64 forming the next to the lowed; course of 'the wall 18. The fins 62 project at right angles to the walls on which they are-fixed lying at an angle of about 30 to the horizontal They prevent any tendency of bricks 64 to move inwardly into the interinr of the furnace or generator 10 and also resist the tendency of the bricks 64 to slide downwardly along the inclined outer faces of lVall 52 of each the walls 52. It will be seen moreover that the lower ed es of bricks 64 and the upper edges of brie s 56 are rabbeted together as indicated at 66, the inner edge of the bricks 64 coming below the outer edge of the bricks 56 along the line 66 whereby bricks 64 hold the upper ends of bricks 56 in position on the inner face of the blocks 44 along the walls 54.

The enerator or shell 10 is surrounded by a steel frame-work 70 one purpose of which is to support a charging platform from which fuel may be introduced into the cone 20. However, according to the resent invention, the frame-work 70, Fig. 1, 1s employed to assist in the support of the blocks 44 and certain courses of the arch 42 thereby assisting in the support of the section 18. The framework 70 moreover comprises means resisting lateral displacement of certain of the bricks in the section 18 thereby further assisting the masonry of the generator 10 to retain its position when in use. The connections between the generator 10 and the frame-work 70 just referred to includes brackets 7 2, to which are secured the outer and upper ends of inwardly and downwardly inclined steel beams or struts 74, 74 the lower and inner ends of which are secured to a circular metal band 76, Figs. 3 and 4, surrounding the lower portion of shell 18 adjacent the upper and outer ends of the blocks 44. The lower edge of band 76 has fixed thereto several short angle plates 7 8, 78, the horizontal flanges of which project inwardly from the band 76. Connected to and running downwardly from the horizontal flanges of the plates 78 are books 80, 80, the lower ends of which hook into the vertical webs of inverted T- shaped metal blocks 82, 82, inserted in complementary recesses in the bricks 46. The bricks 46 are, therefore, suspended during the course of the erection of the shell of the generator or shaft furnace 10 and also are assisted to maintain their positions during the use of the generator by connection to the steel frame-work 70. It will be seen that the hooks 80 just referred to pass downwardly from the angle irons or plates 78 between the blocks 44. In order to permit this arrangement, the blocks 44 are made rectangular in plan instead of wedge shaped, blocks 44 contacting only near their inner and lower ends, as illustrated in Fig. 2.

As appears further from Figs. 2 and 4, angle plates 84 are fixed to the outer face of band 76, the horizontal flanges of angle plates 84 lying between the upper ends of the blocks 44 and the band 76 and bearing a ainst the outside of the blocks to assist in hol ing them in place. Preferably the outer flange of the angle 84 is welded to the n per edge of the wall 52 of the blocks 44. The lower edge of the band 76, moreover, is tired close to the blocks 44 while intermediate the blocks 44 hand 76 has riveted thereto Ushaped 86, Fig. 2wedging the outerends of blocks l4 firmly in place. Furthermore, running downwardly from the band 76 are straps 88, the lower ends of which are fixed to and sup port pieces having upwardly and outward-- ly inclined portions 92 contacting with the lower surfaces of the blocks ea and assisting in holding them in place during erection as well as during use of the apparatus. Preferably the portions 92 and the lower edges of blocks a l are welded together.

It is desired also, according to the present invention, to partially support other courses of the flat arch 4:2 in addition to the inner course of this arch. For this purpose, the pieces 90 previously referred to may have attached thereto angle plates 94, the horizontal webs or flanges of which extend beneath and assist to support the ends of metal fingers 95 secured to the brick or bricks in one or more of the courses of the arch 42 outside of the bricks 46. The band 7 6 also has secured to its inner face bulb angle plates 96, plates 96 having horizontal flanges extending inwardly and assisting in supporting the wall 1 thereto a frame-work 100 extending outwardi the blocks falls directly into trough 102.

ly above the arch 42 and resting on the upper edge of shell 16 or connected to the frame 7 O or both. v

When the apparatus herein described is in operation, the blocks 14 are maintained substantially full of water and are foundto be durable under the conditions of high temperature existing in the furnace adjacent the fiat arch. Steam formed from water within blocks 44 readily escapes from the open mouths 50of these blocks. Water to replenish that evaporated from the blocks 44: is supplied through pipes, one of which is illustrated at 99 (Fig. t). His preferred to supply suhicient water toblocks 44: through pipes 99 not only to off-set thatlost by evaporation, but to cause an overfiow from the mouths" of the blocks. Water overflowing from blocks 4a is caught in a trough 102 extending around the generator or furnace and conducted away. In order that the trough 102 may conduct away the overflow water, it is set beneath the mouths of blocks 4.4. so that water overflowing from the mouth of A splash plate 10a is provided running along the'outer edge of trough 100 and extending suiiicient to prevent water falling into the trough from splashing out. No special means need be provided for maintaining a circulation within the blocks 44, their shape and position being such that when in use the convection currents provide all the circulation necessary. Preferably, blocks as are made of cast iron.

It will be apparent from the foregoing to those skilled in the art that water cooled key blocks made and arranged according to the present invention not only are durable under the conditions imposed upon them in use, but reduce the temperature and so prolong the life of the adjacent brick-work. Moreover, the watencooled blocks as may be removed individually while the generator is in operation and a new block or blocks substituted without shutting down the generator.

While a given embodiment of the present invention has been illustrated and described herein in detail it will be understood that the present invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing description or to those illustrated in the drawing, it being the intention to obtain protection for the invention disclosed herein as broadly as the state of the prior art will permit.

In particular, it will be understood that the arch construction disclosed herein, while described in connection with a gas generator may be used with any shaft type furnace or combustion chamber.

Having thus described my invention 1 claim:

1. Acombustion chamber having walls defining adjacent zones of different cross sectional areas and arranged one above the other,

a substantially flat brickwork arch extending inwardly from the upper end of the wall defining the lower of said zones and a plurality of water cooled metal key blocks interposed side by side joining the lower edge of the wall defining the upper of said zones and the inner edge of said arch.

2. A combustion chamber having walls defining adjacent zones of differing cross-sectional areas and arranged one above the other, asubstantially flat b1iCl-WO1' arch extending inwardly from the upper end of the wall defining the lower of said zones and a plurality of water cooled metal key blocks interposed side by side 'oining the lower edge of the wall defining the upper of said zones and the inner edge of said arch, each of said vwater cooled blocks having one side opening to the atmosphere on the outside of the generator.

3. A combustion chamber having walls defining adjacent sections of differing crosssectional areas and arranged one above the other, a substantially flat brick-work arch extending inwardly on the upper end of the wall defining the lower of said sections and Water cooled metal key blocks interposed between the lower edge of the wall defining the upper of said sections and the inner edge of said arch, said-blocks being structurally in- V blocks having means whereby an individual key block may be removed from the genorator while the remainder of said blocks are in place in the generator.

4. A combustion chamber having walls defining adjacent sections of differing crosssectional areas and arranged one above the other, a substantially fiat brick-work arch extending inwardly from the upper end of the wall defining the lower of said sections, and water-cooled metal key blocks interposed between the lower edge of the wall defining the upper of said sections and the inner edge of said arch, said blocks having means whereby refractory bricks may be secured thereto. 5. A combustion chamber having walls de fining adjacent sections of differing crosssectional areas and arranged one above the other, a substantially flat brick-work arch extending inwardly from the upper end of the wall defining the lower of said sections, and hollow water cooled blocks interposed between the lower edge of the wall defining the upper of said sections and the inner edge of said arch, said blocks transmitting the downward thrust of the upper sections to the inner edge of said arch.

6. A combustion chamber having walls defining adjacent sections of differing crosssectional areas and arranged one above the other, a substantially flat brick-work arch extending inwardly from the upper end of the wall defining the lower of said sections and water cooled metal key blocks interposed between the lower edgeof the wall defining the upper of said sections and the inner edge of said arch, said blocks having inner ends exposed to gases within the generator.

7. A combustion chamber having walls defining the adjacent sections of differing cross-sectional areas and arranged one above the other, a substantially flat brick-work arch extending inwardly from the upper end of the wall defining the lower of said zones and WatQPCOOlGd metal key blocks interd between the lower edge of the wall de- 'ng the upper of said sections and the innor edge of said arch, said key blocks being inclined to the horizontal and having horizontal bulbs at their lower and inner ends sup rting in part the walls of the upper of so! sections.

8 Aoombustion chamber having walls defining adjacent zones of differing cross-sectional areas and arranged one above the other, a substantially flat arch extending inwardly from the upper end of the walls defining the lower of said zones, the walls of said zones including brick-work, watercooled key blocks joining the lower edge of the wall defining the upper of said zones and the inner edge of said arch, and means whereby said key blocks are interlocked with bricks in one of the courses in the wall of the upper of said zones.

9. A combustion chamber having walls defining adjacent zones of differing cross-sectional areas and arranged one above the other, a substantially fiat brick-work arch extending inwardly from the upper end of the wall defining the lower of said zones, the walls of said zones including brick-work, water-cooled metal key blocks intertposed between the lower edge of the wall dc ning the upper of said zones and the inner edge of said arch, said key blocks being inclined to the horizontal and having projecting bulbs at their inner and lower ends, the lower course of brick in the wall of the upper of said zones resting on said bulbs and the second course of brick in the upper zone wall resting partly on said lower course and partly on said key blocks, the bricks of said lower and said second courses being rabbetcd together, and means whereby the bricks in said two courses are interlocked with said key blocks.

10. A combustion chamber having walls defining adjacent zones of differing crosssectional areas and arranged one above the other, a substantially fiat arch extending inwardly from the upper end of the wall defining the lower of said zones, removable key blocks interposed between the lower edge of the wall defining the upper of said zones and the inner edge of said arch, a steel framework surrounding the chamber and reinforcing the walls in said upper zone, and supporting means connecting the brick at the inner edge of said flat arch and in contact with said key blocks to said frame-work.

11. A combustion chamber having walls defining adjacent zones arranged one above the other, said zones being of circular cross section but of different cross sectional areas, a substantially annular flat brick-work arch extending inwardly from the upper end of the wall defining the lower of said zones, and a plurality of independently removable water-cooled metal key blocks interposed'side by side between the lower edge of the wall defining the upper of said zones and the inner edge of said arch.

12. A combustion chamber having walls defining adjacent zones of differing crosssectional areas and arranged one above the other, a substantially fiat arch extending inwardly from the upper end of the wall defining the lower of said zones, the walls of said zones including brick-work, and a water cooled key blocks interposed between the lower edge of the wall defining the upper of said zones and the inner edge of said arch, said key blocks having projecting fins thereon, and the bricks at the lower end of the upper of said. sections having recesses in which said fins are seated whereby said key blocks are interlocked with the bricks in the Wall of the upper of said zones.

13. A metal key block for fiat arches having a water chamber and two parallel sides, a side substantially at 4l5 to one of said parallel sides and connected thereto, and a nose piece connecting said last mentioned side and the other of said parallel sides.

14:. A key block as set forth in claim 13 and in which the nose piece extends substantially at right angles to the side last mentioned in claim 13.

15. A key block as set forth in claim 13 and in which the upper of the parallel sides i has a rib extending outwardly therefrom.

16. A key block as set forth in claim 13 and in which a nose piece has a rib extending upwardly therefrom.

In testimony whereof I afiix my signature.

HARVEY I-I. WONNING.

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