US1769456A - Method of casting cylinder heads - Google Patents

Method of casting cylinder heads Download PDF

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Publication number
US1769456A
US1769456A US388904A US38890429A US1769456A US 1769456 A US1769456 A US 1769456A US 388904 A US388904 A US 388904A US 38890429 A US38890429 A US 38890429A US 1769456 A US1769456 A US 1769456A
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mold
cores
cylinder head
casting
cylinder
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Expired - Lifetime
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US388904A
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Pickering Theodore
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DOEHLER DIE CASTING CO
DOEHLER DIE-CASTING Co
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DOEHLER DIE CASTING CO
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D15/00—Casting using a mould or core of which a part significant to the process is of high thermal conductivity, e.g. chill casting; Moulds or accessories specially adapted therefor
    • B22D15/02—Casting using a mould or core of which a part significant to the process is of high thermal conductivity, e.g. chill casting; Moulds or accessories specially adapted therefor of cylinders, pistons, bearing shells or like thin-walled objects

Definitions

  • My invention relates to a method of casting cylinder heads for internal combustion engines.
  • the mvention contem lates a method whereby permanent mollds are used in casting cylinder heads for air cooled internal combustion engines.
  • the cylinder head has a clearance cavit in its bottom, the sides of which are un ercut in one transverse axis.
  • Elbow inlet and outlet passages communicate with the clearance cavity and lateral sparlilplug open are rovided in opposite w s of t e cy nder head and open into the clearance cavity.
  • the outer surface of the side wall of the cylinder head is provided with circumferentiahheat radiating or cooling fins and the top wall has a plurality of parallel heat radiatin fins disposed transversely to the inlet an outlet passages.
  • My method enables me to employ a permanent collapsible core for forming the undercut clearance cavity in the bottom of the cylinder head.
  • I em 10 y a bedplate upon which the casting is adapted to Frest, and a two-part permanent mold which is separable on a plane that is normal to the fins extending from the to of the cylinder head.
  • a three-part co lapsible core which is complemental in shape to the clearance cavity, 1s inserted in and supported by the mold.
  • Disintegratable cores complementary in shape to the inlet and outlet assages are supported at one end by the be late and with their other ends contact wit the clearance cavity core.
  • Lateral spark plug cores and longitudinal valve stem cores are also inserted in and supported by the mold, the spark plug cores contacting with the clearance cavit core and the valve rod cores contacting with the cores of the inlet and outlet assages.
  • the met consistin of an alloy of aluminum, is poured.
  • he threeart core is then collapsed and remove and the spark lug and valve rod cores are removed.
  • he mold is then opened and the casting lifted from the bedplate, and the cores in the elbow passages are disinte ated and removed.
  • Fig. 1 is a side elevation of a cylinder head cast in accordance with my invention
  • Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section of the same
  • Fig. 3 is a transverse sectional elevation of a mold, showing the parts of the mold separated after a cylinder head has been cast;
  • Fi 4 is a lon 'tudinal sectional elevation of t e same ta en on the line 44 of Figure 3.
  • a cylinder head for an air cooled internal combustion engine, the casting of which head will serve to illustrate the invention.
  • the cylinder head is composed of an alloy of aluminum and is adapted to rest on the head end of the cylinder, the bottom 1 being secured in sealing contact with the edge of the cylinder.
  • a clearance cavity 2 is provided in the bottom, the sides 3 of which are undercut in one transverse axis as at 4. Aligned and oppositely o ening inlet and outlet passages 5 and 6 o elbow she and opposed lateral ark plu openin in the walls 3 commumcate wit the c earance cavit 2.
  • the outer surface of the side wall 3 o the cylinder head is rovided with a plurality of circumferentiiil heat radiatin fins 8; similar fins 9, disposed transverse y to the line of the inlet and outlet passages 5 and 6, are rovided on the outer surface of the top wail 10.
  • valve stem openin 11 are provided and communicate wit the inlet and outlet passa es.
  • the mold in which the cylinder hea is cast comprises a bedplate 12 and two parts 13, separable on a lane normal to the fins on the top of the cy inder and containing the center lines of the inlet and outlet passages.
  • the bedplate 12 has a flat surface 14 which is complemcntal to the flat'surface 15 above the inlet passage 5 of the cylinder head, and a flat surface 16 which is complemental to the surface of the boss 16' around the exhaust valve stem opening.
  • a recess or print which receives complementary prints 17 on extended ends of the disintegratable cores 18 and 19 which, with the valve stem cores 20 and 21 extending through the bedplate, sup ort the cores 18 and 19.
  • the cores 18 and 19 are complementary in shape to the elbow inlet and outlet passages in the cylinder head.
  • the separable parts of the mold have surfaces complementary to that portion of the top of T the cylinder head whic is between the flat surfaces 15 and 16 and at the right of the flat mine 16 as viewed in Figure 4, and also have surfaces com lementary to the sides of the cg'linder hea As the two arts 13 are broug t together they form, wit the bedplate, a mold about the inlet and outlet cores which mold is com lementary to the outer surface of the cylin er head.
  • the meeting faces of the mold parts 13 have three complementary semicylindrical grooves outside the mold cavit two of the grooves extending laterally an bein alined and opposed to each other, and the t ird being in the top at right angles to such line.
  • the lateral grooves form cylindrical openings for the cores 22, and the grooves in f the top together form a cylindrical opening for the collapsible core which is complemen- ⁇ ary:1 to the clearance cavity in the cylinder
  • the collapsible core which forms the undcrcut clearance cavity in the bottom of the cylinder head comprises three parts, a central Eart 23, and two side arts 24.
  • Each of the t ree parts is rovide with a handle 25 by means of whic handles they may be inserted in the mold and withdrawn from the casting.
  • the two side parts are rovided with projections 26 which are complemental to the undercut recesses in the c linder head.
  • the central part 23 has converging side faces which act as a wedge between the side parts 24. In placing the core in the mold the two side parts 24 are inserted first, the amount which they will extend into the mold being determined by lateral flanges 27 which engage the opening in the mold and also the ends of the cores 18 and 19 with which the contact.
  • the central portion 23 is then placed between the two side parts 24 and pushed into the mold until the lateral flan e 28 extending therefrom abuts a ainst tfie edge of the opening in the mold. e spark plug cores are then entered through their openings to contact with the side parts 24 of the clearance cavity core.
  • the cores 22 extend to the base of the projections on the mold which form the circumferential fins on the cylinder head.
  • the aforementioned spark plug cores 29 extend in contact with the collaps1ble core formin the clearance cavity in the cylinder head through an opening bored in the res ective cores 22.
  • the edges of the cores 22 orm a fiat surface adjacent the fins around the spark plug opening against which the flange on the spark plug (not shown) abuts.
  • the metal is poured, the parts of the mold being held together by the usual clamping members 30. After the metal has been poured the various permanent cores are removed and the dies are separated. he cast cylinder head is then lifted from the bedplate 12 and the mold pre ared for another casting. The casting is subsequently heat treated which facilitates the distintegration and removal of the cores in the elbow passages.
  • the molds are permanent, being made of steel, and produce accurate castings which eliminate subsequent machining.
  • the method of forming a cylinder head or air cooled internal combustion engines which head is composed of an aluminum alloy and has a clearance cavity in its bottom, the sides of which are undercut in one transverse axis and which has elbow inlet and exhaust passa es opening into the top of the cavity and Tateral spark lug openings into the cavity and a plura ity of ciryao cumferential cooling vanes and a plurality of parallel top cooling vanes disposed transverse to the said passages, which method consists in employing a permanent mold the parts of which are separable on a plane normal to the top vanes, inserting a three-part core axially in the mold cavity complemental in shape to the clearance cavity, inserting two lateral cores for the spark plu openings, supporting two distintegratab e cores in the bottom of the mold complemental in shape to the elbow passages pouring the metal into the mold cavity, then collapsing and removing the three-part core and with-- drawing the cores for the spark plug openings,

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Description

y 1930. 'r. PICKERING 1,769,456
METHOD OF CASTING CYLINDER HEADS Filed Aug. 28, 1929 2 Sheet-s-Shet 1 C J 1 rm 1' inmiiiiii a) 1 1 1 rr "iiillii'iii- 51 1 J rr iiliilllim! INVENTOR ATTORNEY July 1, 1930.
'r. PICKERING 1,769,456
METHOD CASTING CYLINDER HEADS Filed Aug. 28, 1929 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 9 ATTORNEY Patented July 1, 1930 PATENT OFFICE mnonoml ncnnme, OI BATAVIA, NEW YORK, ASSIGHOB 'I'O DOEHLEB DIR-CASTING (XL, A CORPORATION 01 NEW YORK m0!) 0] CASTING HEADS Application fled August In, 1989. 561181 I0. 888,804.
My invention relates to a method of casting cylinder heads for internal combustion engines. In particular, the mvention contem lates a method whereby permanent mollds are used in casting cylinder heads for air cooled internal combustion engines.
Owin to the irregular contour of a cylinder hea for an air cooled internal combustion engine, the formation of a suitable mold in which to cast the cylinder head presents numerous difliculties. The cylinder head has a clearance cavit in its bottom, the sides of which are un ercut in one transverse axis. Elbow inlet and outlet passages communicate with the clearance cavity and lateral sparlilplug open are rovided in opposite w s of t e cy nder head and open into the clearance cavity. The outer surface of the side wall of the cylinder head is provided with circumferentiahheat radiating or cooling fins and the top wall has a plurality of parallel heat radiatin fins disposed transversely to the inlet an outlet passages.
Heretofore, such cylinder heads have been cast in sand molds in the usual manner, that is, by forming a sand mold for each castin and pouring the metal into the mol These sand molds which are re roduced for each casting require considerab 0 care in the making as the rotruding portions which form the heat radiating fins are delicate and easily broken and distorted. Castings produced in such molds are, in general, rough and uneven and require considerable machining to remove the roughness therefrom.
In accordance with my invention, I am enabled to produce a cylinder head for air cooled internal combustion engines which is smooth and accurate and requires no subsequent machining operations. I utilize a method for casting cylinder heads in which permanent molds are employed.
My method enables me to employ a permanent collapsible core for forming the undercut clearance cavity in the bottom of the cylinder head.
Other features and advantages of the invention hereinafter more particularly appear, and the invention will be pointed out in claims.
In practicing my invention, I em 10y a bedplate upon which the casting is adapted to Frest, and a two-part permanent mold which is separable on a plane that is normal to the fins extending from the to of the cylinder head. A three-part co lapsible core, which is complemental in shape to the clearance cavity, 1s inserted in and supported by the mold. Disintegratable cores complementary in shape to the inlet and outlet assages are supported at one end by the be late and with their other ends contact wit the clearance cavity core. Lateral spark plug cores and longitudinal valve stem cores are also inserted in and supported by the mold, the spark plug cores contacting with the clearance cavit core and the valve rod cores contacting with the cores of the inlet and outlet assages. Into the assembled mold, the met consistin of an alloy of aluminum, is poured. he threeart core is then collapsed and remove and the spark lug and valve rod cores are removed. he mold is then opened and the casting lifted from the bedplate, and the cores in the elbow passages are disinte ated and removed.
The met od will be further explained in connection with the construction of mold illustrated in the drawings in which:
Fig. 1 is a side elevation of a cylinder head cast in accordance with my invention;
Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section of the same;
Fig. 3 is a transverse sectional elevation of a mold, showing the parts of the mold separated after a cylinder head has been cast; and
Fi 4 is a lon 'tudinal sectional elevation of t e same ta en on the line 44 of Figure 3.
In the drawings, there is represented a cylinder head for an air cooled internal combustion engine, the casting of which head will serve to illustrate the invention. The cylinder head is composed of an alloy of aluminum and is adapted to rest on the head end of the cylinder, the bottom 1 being secured in sealing contact with the edge of the cylinder. A clearance cavity 2 is provided in the bottom, the sides 3 of which are undercut in one transverse axis as at 4. Aligned and oppositely o ening inlet and outlet passages 5 and 6 o elbow she and opposed lateral ark plu openin in the walls 3 commumcate wit the c earance cavit 2. The outer surface of the side wall 3 o the cylinder head is rovided with a plurality of circumferentiiil heat radiatin fins 8; similar fins 9, disposed transverse y to the line of the inlet and outlet passages 5 and 6, are rovided on the outer surface of the top wail 10. Through the top wall 10, valve stem openin 11 are provided and communicate wit the inlet and outlet passa es.
The mold in which the cylinder hea is cast comprises a bedplate 12 and two parts 13, separable on a lane normal to the fins on the top of the cy inder and containing the center lines of the inlet and outlet passages. The bedplate 12 has a flat surface 14 which is complemcntal to the flat'surface 15 above the inlet passage 5 of the cylinder head, and a flat surface 16 which is complemental to the surface of the boss 16' around the exhaust valve stem opening. Upon these surfaces 15 and 16, the cast 0 linder head rests when the two parts of t e mold are separated. At either end of the bedplate there is provided a recess or print which receives complementary prints 17 on extended ends of the disintegratable cores 18 and 19 which, with the valve stem cores 20 and 21 extending through the bedplate, sup ort the cores 18 and 19. The cores 18 and 19 are complementary in shape to the elbow inlet and outlet passages in the cylinder head. The separable parts of the mold have surfaces complementary to that portion of the top of T the cylinder head whic is between the flat surfaces 15 and 16 and at the right of the flat mine 16 as viewed in Figure 4, and also have surfaces com lementary to the sides of the cg'linder hea As the two arts 13 are broug t together they form, wit the bedplate, a mold about the inlet and outlet cores which mold is com lementary to the outer surface of the cylin er head.
The meeting faces of the mold parts 13 have three complementary semicylindrical grooves outside the mold cavit two of the grooves extending laterally an bein alined and opposed to each other, and the t ird being in the top at right angles to such line. The lateral grooves form cylindrical openings for the cores 22, and the grooves in f the top together form a cylindrical opening for the collapsible core which is complemen- {\ary:1 to the clearance cavity in the cylinder The collapsible core which forms the undcrcut clearance cavity in the bottom of the cylinder head comprises three parts, a central Eart 23, and two side arts 24. Each of the t ree parts is rovide with a handle 25 by means of whic handles they may be inserted in the mold and withdrawn from the casting. The two side parts are rovided with projections 26 which are complemental to the undercut recesses in the c linder head. The central part 23 has converging side faces which act as a wedge between the side parts 24. In placing the core in the mold the two side parts 24 are inserted first, the amount which they will extend into the mold being determined by lateral flanges 27 which engage the opening in the mold and also the ends of the cores 18 and 19 with which the contact. The central portion 23 is then placed between the two side parts 24 and pushed into the mold until the lateral flan e 28 extending therefrom abuts a ainst tfie edge of the opening in the mold. e spark plug cores are then entered through their openings to contact with the side parts 24 of the clearance cavity core.
The cores 22 extend to the base of the projections on the mold which form the circumferential fins on the cylinder head. The aforementioned spark plug cores 29 extend in contact with the collaps1ble core formin the clearance cavity in the cylinder head through an opening bored in the res ective cores 22. The edges of the cores 22 orm a fiat surface adjacent the fins around the spark plug opening against which the flange on the spark plug (not shown) abuts.
Into the mold or die assembled as hereinbefore described the metal is poured, the parts of the mold being held together by the usual clamping members 30. After the metal has been poured the various permanent cores are removed and the dies are separated. he cast cylinder head is then lifted from the bedplate 12 and the mold pre ared for another casting. The casting is subsequently heat treated which facilitates the distintegration and removal of the cores in the elbow passages.
The molds are permanent, being made of steel, and produce accurate castings which eliminate subsequent machining.
It is obvious that the order of the steps may be modified and that various changes may be made in the illustrated embodiment of the apparatus used in carrying out my method within the principle and scope of the appended claim.
I claim:
The method of forming a cylinder head or air cooled internal combustion engines which head is composed of an aluminum alloy and has a clearance cavity in its bottom, the sides of which are undercut in one transverse axis and which has elbow inlet and exhaust passa es opening into the top of the cavity and Tateral spark lug openings into the cavity and a plura ity of ciryao cumferential cooling vanes and a plurality of parallel top cooling vanes disposed transverse to the said passages, which method consists in employing a permanent mold the parts of which are separable on a plane normal to the top vanes, inserting a three-part core axially in the mold cavity complemental in shape to the clearance cavity, inserting two lateral cores for the spark plu openings, supporting two distintegratab e cores in the bottom of the mold complemental in shape to the elbow passages pouring the metal into the mold cavity, then collapsing and removing the three-part core and with-- drawing the cores for the spark plug openings, opening the mold and removmg the casting, and disintegrating the cores in the elbow passages.
In witness whereof, I hereunto subscribe to my signature.
THEODORE PICKERING.
US388904A 1929-08-28 1929-08-28 Method of casting cylinder heads Expired - Lifetime US1769456A (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2433109A (en) * 1937-03-16 1947-12-23 Fouron Pierre Chill mould for casting cylinder heads of air-cooled engines
US2502767A (en) * 1944-01-11 1950-04-04 Sterling Corp Apparatus for molding castings having deep fins
US2881487A (en) * 1954-03-10 1959-04-14 John J Cerk Machine for casting heat radiating fins on preformed tubes
US3290740A (en) * 1961-08-17 1966-12-13 Kaiser Jeep Corp Method of casting an aluminum engine

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2433109A (en) * 1937-03-16 1947-12-23 Fouron Pierre Chill mould for casting cylinder heads of air-cooled engines
US2502767A (en) * 1944-01-11 1950-04-04 Sterling Corp Apparatus for molding castings having deep fins
US2881487A (en) * 1954-03-10 1959-04-14 John J Cerk Machine for casting heat radiating fins on preformed tubes
US3290740A (en) * 1961-08-17 1966-12-13 Kaiser Jeep Corp Method of casting an aluminum engine

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