US1764518A - Excavator - Google Patents

Description

June 17, 1930. H. MARKS 1,764,518

EXCAVATOR Filed Feb. 20, 1928 2 Sheets-Shegt 1 ma 0 x o 0 s 7 23 [o I 1o unarm- 7 INVENTOR. How/web MARKS r June 17, 1930. H. MARK-5' EXCAVATOR Filed Feb. 20. 1928 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR. A 2K5 Pate ntedulune 17, 1939 p FA E -HQWARD-MABKS, or NEWMAN, ciiLIFonnIA:

EXCAVATOR Application filed February 20, 1928; Serial No."5,5 11.

' -This invention relates particularly to an excavating apparatus;

An'object of the :invention is to provide an excavating apparatus employing a scrap- E er 'thatis substantially V shaped, and which is adapted to have the open .end thereof pulled in, thedirection" of thematerial to be excavated, and whichhas, at its rear end, I a yieldably supportedipulleyi block through m which. a cable passes to lift the scraper into a suspended positionand return it to the pointiof commencement of the work to be performed. l

, A further object of the 'invention'is to 15; provide in an-excavating apparatus a scraper comprised of two similarly curved halves secured together at an end and extended di- -vergently forward, the diverging ends being connected to a common pulling apparatus to pulley block yieldably'supported onone side of the apex of the connected endsthrough which a cable isadapted to pass to'raise and lower the scraper. relative to the surscraper-rea'rwardly, x 1; V I Other objects of the invention are to pro- .Vide an excavating'apparatusthat will be superior in .pointof simplicity, inexpensiveness of COIlStI'llCtlOI'l,'POSUJIVBIIGSS of op'era- 'tion,-and facility and COIlVGIllGIlCGlIl use-and general efliclency. 1 I

has,

In this specification and the annexed drawings, the invention: is illustratedin the be understood that the invention is not limited to such form, because it may be embodied arranged thereon, v V I I ,F g. 21s a perspective view of a scraper Fig. 2,1011 theline 3+8.

on the" line 6-6. 1 f -The scraper 1, of the after described, is connected at itsfront end to a cable 2 that passes around a winch .3 to

move :thejscraper connected thereto, an d a face ove'rwhich it moves,and to move said form considered to be the-best, but it is to a diagrammatic viewfof fan excavating apparatus and scraper, con structed in accordance with my, invention,

and operating mechanism therefor .con-

'structedinaccordance with my invention.

F1'g13 is a sectional view taken through Fig.4isa plan view of my scraper; 3

in Fig. 1.,

Fig. 6 is a sectiontaken through' l igg5 type to be hereindrag or, pull the scraper-along the ground to scrape'up and move material'to a'discharge point, from (which the accumulated material'ca'ndrop onto car or vehicle,1o'r

be otherwise suitably disposed of. V Therear end of the scraper, on one side thereof, is providedwith anupsta'n'ding and yieldably supported pulley block 5 thereon, through;

v v I r i flFig, 5 1s aside view of the scraper shown which-. cablefiv passes) The cable :6, at its c outer end, is adjustabl'y anchored,l at 7 in the .field of operations in: which the scraper i is toworkrfAn intermediate-portion ofvthje' cable passesar'ound a sheave or pulley: 8,

thatis' mounted onamast at a OOIIS dera-bleY, i I

distance above the'point of delivery; of the material" accumulated by the scraper, and

the end of the cable fiip assesaround a winch or drum 9, whereby'the cable may beinoved into that taut position, indicated .bYxClOtCQd lines in Fig.1, :to raisewthe scrapper, 1'. into a suspended position, with sufficient angular,

inclination onithe cable to permit the scraper to move gravity to the com ence-a ment point of its scraplng operatlon,after which the cable is .slackedintoithe full line Y position shown,-infFig; :*1;-. The scraperis pulled ove'rthe"grOundTbythecab'Ie 2 to tlie p tf delivery ,of'the accumulated material v The scraper.

ets, bolts, or byiwelding. Each of theiplates and in my experiments, I havelfoun d that a curved cross s'ec'tloni for I each scraper half is 1 to be preferredto any "other 'cross' section, as the curved section has'no sapparentg-point H i S s ubstantially I I i e and, comprises twocomplementary halves :10 7

and llisecured together at their apex by riv- I 10 and 11 has a curvedor arcuatecross 'section .f Y

of weaknessthat might break down or rupture under usage. A Wear plate 12 is secured along the entire length of the bottom of each of the halves 10 and 11, and each plate 12 forms 'a substantial continuation of the curved cross section of the half to which it is secured; The plates 12 are bolted, or otherwise suitably securedalong their entire length, to each of the scraper halves, whereby they may be removed or replaced, and

said plates'12 are also firmlyseouredtogether at the apex of the scraper.

A plurality of separate curved ended scraper teeth 18 are secured to the rear s de of each plate 12 andare projected beyond the: lower edge thereof, to rip up or tear the ground. over which the. scraper is pulled, and

to automaticallydig up material that can be accumulated between the divergenthalves of the scraper. A harms-extends across and is connected. to the upper" sides of the extended divergent scraper halves 10' and 11,

r to holdv said: scraper halves in a predetermined spaced relation. A bolt 15- is connected to the middle of the forward edge ofithe outer ends of the divergent halves it) and 11, and a short. length of cable" 16 extends from the pulling line 2 to each of the bolts 15; A protective plate 17 is mounted on outside of: each'of the scraper halves '10 2.116111 to protect each of the cable ends 16 that are secured to the scraper, from being worn down by comin'ginto contact with the material or obstructions within which the scraper is operating. The scraper teeth 13 when worn down, are detached and used as theprotective plates-1'2. The cables 16 are (if-substantially the s-amelength in order that the pulling. line 2 may pull the scraper 1 evenly over the ground.

At the connected ends of thescraper halves 10 and" 11, or atthe apex thereof, and on the upper side of" said scraper, I have mounted a bearing lS. The bearing 18 is attached rigidly to the upper side of the scraper halvesi an d reinforcing struts 19" efxe tend from said bearing outwardly into en gagement with: each of' the halves of the V a the plane of the scraper. The lower end of scraper; Ashaft20 is rotatably'confined i' within the bearing '18'andextends upward in substantial-lye vertical direction 1 the shaft 20' extends through the meetingjoint of the scraper halves 10 and 11 into the interior thereof, and a nut or collar 21 is attached to the shaft end to prevent upward 'move-mentof the shaft 20 out of the bearing.

A washer is interposed between the nu and theinner body of the scraper.

of the washer is flat" to provide a bearing surface for thenutand the opposite 'faceof the; washer is curved to conform to the inner contour of the scraper. The upper endof the shaft 20 is provided with a" collar 22- thereon and an expansion spring 23 is coiled around the shaft 20 between the collar 22 and the bearing 18. The pulleyblock 5 has a pulley or sheave, rotatably journaled thereon and is pivoted at 24 to the upper end of the shaft 20. The expansion spring 23 is adapted to maintain'the pulley block and a non-operative position. After'thescraper has. delivered its'load' of material tothe point of delivery, the slack in the cable 6 is'takenf upto raise the scraper above the surface over which it has scraped. Theinclination of the taut cable, togetherwith the Weight of the scraper 1,:is sufficient to cause the scraper 1 to run by gravity rearwardly' into the field of operation and to the point of commencement of its work. While the rearward speed of the scraper 1 may be checked by the pulling-in cable 2,. this, as a matter of fact, is rarely done as the operators of the 5 apparatus usually have very little consideration: for the injury or damage which they may be causing to the scraper mechanism and its parts. I have found thatby-allowing the scraper to run by gravity back to 1 the point of commencement of its work, it fwlll reach that point much faster than by dragging the said scraper rearwardly over the ground. Likewise, the life of the scraper is-longer and the'wea rr and tear onthe same is less by traveling the ser'aper back to its field. of-operation by the aerial route than by dragging itover the-ground. However,

wvhenthe scraper travels by suspended cable back to the field of operation, it usually runs into the ground. atiahigh rate of speed and if it were not for the rugged construction of the scraper, considerableinjury' would be caused to theparts thereof." I have'found that the resilient mounting between. the Q scraper and the pulley block will absorb all of the shock ancljarthat results from: the

scraper dropping back into contact wi'th the ground and that. the life of theseraper is h prolonged thereby- In view of the fact that 2 the spring 23 acts as a bumper for all shocks transmitted to theapparatus, it may. be

quicklyand easily replaced at a very nominal cost. The mounting of the scraper on the pulley blockis substantially universal,

to permit ofeither rotative, r'eciprocative or pivotal movement in practically all directlons, whereby the scraper being 7 re- 7 turned to its work, may oscillate or swing to pass by any obstructlons orhindrances, that "I30 V '35 v halves secured together at'an end and exmight have the effect of retarding its move- 7 ent is:

1d naled in said bearing; and a pulleyblock pivotedto the endof the shaft that projectsv tended divergently forward, each halfhavlfAn excavator comprised of a V shaped V scraper; a bearing mounted on the upper side of the scraper at the apex of the V; a

shaft reciprocatingly and rotatably jourbeyond the bearing. V

2. An excavator comprised of' a scraper; a bearing mounted on the upper side of the scraper at an end thereof; a shaft reciprocatingly and rotatably journaledin said bearing; a pulley block'pivoted to the end of the shaft that projects: beyond the bearing; and an expansion spring interposed between the pulley block and bearing to maintain the pulley block and bearing in a predetermined spaced relation. g a x I 3. 'An excavator comprised of a\/ shaped scraper; and a pulley block yieldingly supported on the upper side of the scraper adjacent the apex thereof. a

4:- An excavator comprised of two like halves secured together at an end and ex-.

tended divergently forward each half having a uniformly curved cross section; and a pulley block 'yieldingly supported on the upper side of the two like halves adjacent the connected ends thereof.

5'.' An excavator comprised of. two like :of each half and forming a substantial con-' tinuation of the curved cross section; and a pulley. block yieldingly supported on the upper side of the two like halves adjacent the connected ends thereof. I

6. An, excavator comprised of two like "halves secured together at an end and ex-' tended, divergently forward, each half having auniformly curved cross section; abearing mountedonthe upper side of the con-- nected like halves .at the a ex thereof; a shaft yieldingly and rotatab y mounted in said bearing; and a pulley block pivoted to V the end of said shaft 7. An excavator comprised of two like 7 halves secured together at an end and extended divergently forward, each" half having a uniformly curved cross section; a bearing mounted on thelupper side of the connected like' halves at the apex thereof; a,

shaft reciprocatingly and rotatablyimounted in said bearing; a spring in sjaid bearing to scraper; a pulley block yieldinglysupported on theiupper side of the scraper adjacent the apex thereof; means connected to the forward divergent ends of the scraper to pull it forwardlyover the ground; and a cable passed through the pulley block to elevate the excavator and to permit it to travel rear- Wardly by its own. gravity when the pulling force is released from the forward divergent ends ofthe scraper. l

9. An excavator comprised of two like halves secured togetherat van end andiexing a uniformly curved cross section; a bearing mounted oncthe upper side of the concable. passed through the pulley block to elevate the excavator and to permit'it to travel rearwardly when the pulling force is released from the forward divergent ends, of

the scraper.

10. An excavator comprised of ltwolike I halves secured together atanend and ex tended diver'gei'itly forward, each half hav-" ing. a uniformly curved-cross section; a bearing mounted ontheupper side of 'the'connected likehalve's at the apex thereof; a

shaft reci'procatingly and rotatably mounted in said bearing; a sprlng 1n said bear ng to resist reclprocative movement of saidshaft;

a pulley bl,0ck;pi votally connected to said shaft; means connected to theforward di 'vergent ends'of the scraper. topull it for Wardly overthe ground; and acable passed through the pulley block to elevate the excavator and to permit it to travelrearwardly when the pulling force 'is'released-from the forward diver ent ends ofthe scra er.

In testimony whereof,-I havehereunto set.

my hand at Newman, California, this 31st.

day of January, 1928.

resist reciprocative movementof said shaft;

and .a'pulley block pivotally connected to said shaft.

" 65' 8 An excavator comprised of a \lshaped HOWARDZMARKSJ i

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