US1764482A - Fluid-operated pump - Google Patents

Description

June 17, 1930. P. F. YUNGLING FLUID OPERATED PUMP Filed March 20, 1928 5 Sheets-Sheet June 17, 1930. P. F. YUNGLING FLUID OPERATED PUMP Filed March 20, 1928 5 Sheets-Sheet 2' June 17, 1930. P. F. YUNGLING FLUID OPERATED PUMP Filed March 20, 1928 3 Shees$heet 5 v gwventoc 1 0612 F Yzzzgyizzy Patented June 17, 1930' ram. 1. YUNGLING, or nos menu's, earns-015mm, assrenon 'roscor'r-zaoss PATENT. OFFICE Ann COMPANY, OF LOS ANGIEIIIZES, CALIFORNIA, A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE FLUID-OPERATE]? PUMP applicationmea March 20, 1928. Serial No. 268,105.

- This -'invention relates to fluid-operated pumps of the type employed, for example, in oil wells and an important object is to improve the operation of this type of pump.

5 Another object. is to rovide a construction that will dispose of t e gas in such a way as to not interfere with the operation of the pump plunger and the pump valves.

Another object is to prevent any foreign objects, that may be entrained by the power fluid, from passing through the valve mechanism and into the working barrel.

Another object is to prevent scoring of the pump plunger and working barrel by sand' and other small particles of the formation in which the pump is working. V

Another object is ease o installing and removing the pump. Other objects and. advantages will appear in the subjoined detailed descri tion.

The accompanying drawings i lustrate the invention:

Figures 1 to 5 inclusive are vertical sections of a construction embodying my new fluid-operated pump, portionsbeing broken away to contract some of. the views. The views taken in numerical order represent "successive portions of the pump beginning at the upper end thereof.

Figures 6, 7 and 8 are enlarged horizontal sections on the lines indicated by 6-6, 77, 8'8, respectively, Figures 1, 3 and 4, respectively. v v

Figure 9 isa reduced, fragmental, vertical section on the line indicated by 9-9, Figure 8. Figure 10 is a horizontal section of the lower housing head on the line indicated by 10-10, Figure 3. I

Figure 11 is .a broken longitudinal reduced view of the fluid-operated pump shown in Figures 1 to 5.

Figure 12 is an enlarged longitudinal view, partly in section, of the valve mechanism.

Figure 13 is a view of the opposite side of the valve mechanism from that illustrated in Figure 12.

Figures 14, 15 and 16 are enlar edhorizontal sections on the lines indicate by 14-14, 1515, 16-16, respectively, Figure 13. Figure 17 is an enlarged inverted plan view liner 24 and an inner liner 25a The liner 25 upper end of the head 15. Working in the from the line indicated b 17--17 Figure 13. The well casing is in icated at 11 and is provided at its upper end with a casing head 12 in the customary manner. Extending downwardl through the casing 11 is a string of pump tu .ing' 13 to the lower end of which is connected by-a reducing coupling 14, a dis charge head15. To the lower end of the head 15 is connected by a couplin 16 a workin barrel comprising an outer arrel body 1 and a liner 18. Screw threaded onto the lower end of the working barrel is a standing valve'seat 19 in which is removably seated a standing valve 20. v

Working in the working barrel is a tubular valved plunger 21, the valve being indicated at 22 at the upper end of the plunger.

Above the head 15 is a connecting rod guide comprising an outer jacket 23, intermediate is shorter than the liner 24 so that the guide bore portion 26 is of larger cross sectional area than the guide bore portion, 27. The jacket 23 is screwed at its lower end into the .75 guide is a stepped connecting rod comprising a section 28 that works in the larger bore portion 26 and a section 29 that works in the smaller bore portion 27. The sections 28, 29

are connected together for simultaneous movement and, in thls instance, the connection is effected by screwing the sections together as indicated at 30. The lower end of the rod section 28 connects with the plunger valve 22 so that reciprocation of the connecting rod will effect reciprocation of the plunger 21. The liners 24, 25, closely fit the connecting rod so that leakage past said rod will be minimized.

The coupling 14 is provided with an internal, beveled seat 31 in which seats an external, beveled portion 32 on the head 15. Thus, when the tubing 74 ispulled, the head 15 will become detachedfrom the seat 31 and, accordingly, those parts that hang suspended 95 from the seat 31 will be withdrawn through said seat. There is a great advantage in providing the seat 31 at this level because the pump. working barrel lies below this level and is in tension and is not in compression as 1 it would be if the ump barrel were supported from below. If t e support were from below the working barrel would be thrown out of alinement and thus interfere with accurate working of the plunger in the barrel and also induce unevenness of wear on the and working barrel.

The connecting rod passes through the bore 33 of the head and is of materially less diameter than said bore so that the fluid being plunger pumped can pass the connecting rod on its way to the chamber 34, with which the head is provided. It .is to be particularly noted that the cross sectional area of the portion of the connectinilrod that, on its'down stroke, enters the wor 'ng barrel is less than the cross sectional area of the plunger. This results in theconnecting rod displacing fluid in the working barrel on the down' stroke of the plunger. The fluid discharges from the head 15 through a port or ports formed in said head, said ports 35 opening through the upper end of the gas trap and communicating with the interior of thetubing 13. The ports 35 are controlled by downwardly closing check valves 36which open to allow the fluid to discharge. a The upper end of the jacket 23 connects with a cylinder 37, said upper end, in this instance, beingscrewed into a reducing coupling 38 that is screwed intolthe lower end at its lower end with the bore of the cylinder of the cylinder 37. The coupling 38 constitutes the lower head of the cylinder 37. Working in the cylinder 37 is a piston .39, which is closed at its opposite ends, the lower end of said piston having a screw threaded connecti n with the connecting rod section 29. The upper head of the cylinder .is indicated at 40 and is providedwith a longitudinally extending duct 41 that communicates and at its upper end with a chamber '42 in the head 40. Above the chamber 42 is a port 43 in the lower head 44 of a housing 45, the

lower end of said port being provided with a valve seat 46 on which closes a downwardly opening valve 47 The port 43 extends upwardly, thence outwardly to the periphery of the head 44 so as to communicate with the space between the housing and the tubing 13. Thehead 44 is provided with another the :mumcate at 1ts upper end with the space between the housing 45 and tubing 13. The

port 48 controlled by a downwardly openng valve 49. The port 48 opens laterally to periphery of the head 44 so as to comwhich extends downwardly alongside of the housing 45 and which communicates at 58 with the chamber and, also, extends downwardly alongside of the cylinder 37 and com-' municatesat 59 with the lower end portion of the cylinder bore. The lower end of the port 53 communicates with a conduit 60 that ex-.

tends downwardly alongside of the housing 45 and communicates at its lower end at 61 with the chamber 42..

' The valves 47, 49, 54 and 55 constitute portions of a fluid-operated valve mechanism which is housed by the housing 45. Any suitable fluid operated valve mechanism may be site sides of the chamber 112, said openings communicating with said chamber. The

cover plates 113 are secured in place by cap screws 115.

Reciprocatably mounted in the body 111 is a rod 116, said rod, in this instance, being positioned axially of the chamber 112. The rod 116 is provided with a number of cams, an upper cam 117 and a lower cam 118. The cam 117 is provided with an upwardly and inwardly tapered cam face 119 andwith a downwardly and inwardly tapered cam face 120, and the lower cam 118 is provided with an upwardly and inwardly tapered cam face 121 and a downwardly and inwardly tapered cam face 122;

The cam 117 operates a rocker arm 123 and the cam 118 operates rocker arms 124, 125, and 126. The rocker'arms 123,126 are pivoted at 127 in one of the cover plates113, and the rocker arms 124, '125 are pivoted at 128 in the other cover plate 113. l

The free end of the rocker arm 126 is adapted to operate the valve stem 129 of the valve 55. The free end of the rocker arm 125 is adapted to operate the valve stem 131 of the valve 54. The free end of the rocker arm'124- is adapted to operate the valve stem 133 of the valve 49, and the free end of the rocker arm'123 is adapted to operate the valve stem 135 of the valve 47. Between the upper end of the valve stem 135 and the free end of the rocker arm 123 is interposed a push rod 137 that is slidably' mounted in bearings 138 secured to one ofthe plates 113. Interposed between the upper end one of the cover plates 113. Between the lower end of the valve-stem 131 and the free end" of the rocker arm 125 is interposed a push rod 141 which is slidably mounted in bearings 142 projectin from one of the cover plates 113. Interpose between the lower end of the valve stem 129 and the free end of the rocker arm 26 is a push rod 143 that is slidably mounted in bearings 144 secured to one of the cover plates 113.

Thevalve 55 controls the port 53 extending downwardly from the upper end of the body'lll, thence laterally to the periphery of said body. The valve 54 controls the port 52 that extends downwardly from the upper end of the body 111, thence laterally to the periphery of said body. The valve 49 controls the port 48 that extends upwardly from the lower.

end of the body 111, thence outwardly to the periphery of said body. The valve 47 controls the port 43 that extends upwardly from the lower end of the body 111. thence laterally to the periphery of said body.

The port 53 communicates with a conduit 491 which, in this instance, is formed inpart by a pipe and in part by a duct 491 which extends laterally from the periphery of the body 111, thence to the lower end of said body. The ports 48, 52 are connected by a conduit- 150 which, also, in this instance, is formed by a pipe that extends lengthwise of the body 111. The valves 47, 49,54. 55 are yieldingly held closed and are moved into closed positions by coil springs 132 that surround the valve stems between shoulders 152 on the valve stems and the adjacent end wall of the chamber 112.

In the instance illustrated in the drawings, each rocker arm atthe end that engages its actuating cam is provided with a roller 153 so as to minimize wear.

I provide a construction for suspending the valve mechanism and the cylinder so that the same will be in tension, thus avoiding the' liability to throwing of the parts of the valve mechanism and the cylinder out of alinement as would be liable to occur if said parts were supported from below. For this purpose the chamber 56, which comprises a short piece of tubing 62' and a plug 63 closing the upper end of said tubing, connects with a short piece of tubing 64 which is of less diameter than the plug 63 so that said plug forms a shoulder 65 at the bottom of the tubing 64. The tubing 64 passes through the bore 66 of a support 67 and is provided with a shoulder 68 above the level of the support 67. The support 67 has vertical openings 69 extending therethrough for the passage of the-fluid. When the pump is in place, the shoulder 68 rests upon the upper face of the support 67. In

this instance, the support 67 constitutes areducing coupling being screw threaded into theadjacent ends of tubing sections 70, 71 of different diameters, said tubing sections constitutingdifierent portions of the tubing guide for slipping thereover of the macaroni tube indicated at 74. The perforated portion of the tubing 64 is of smaller diameter than the unperforated portion 75 below the perforated portion, and the inside diameter of the macaroni tubing is sufliciently great to form a space between the perforated portion and the macaroni tubing so that theower fluid can flow down around the orated portion and through the perforations into the tubing 64. The lower portion of the macaroni tubing constitutes a sleeve that closely fits the tube portion 75, said sleeve comprising an outer jacket 76 and a liner 77. The sleeve also comprises a cap 78 that is screwed onto the lowerend of the jacket 76.

The sliding fit between the sleeve 76, 77 and the tubing portion 75 prevents the power fluid from leaking past the tubing portion 75. The upper end of the jacket 76 is screwed into a reducing coupling 91 which is provided with an internal tapered seat 92 to receive the externally tapered portion 93 of a reducing coupling 94 that is screwed into the tubing section 7 5. Into the coupling 94 is screwed a handling nipple 95 which connects the coupling with the screen 96. The coupling 91 connects the jacket 7 6 with the macaroni section 97 that is of smaller diameter than said jacket.

The cylinder 37, housing 45 and the conduits 57, 60 are enclosed in a jacket 99 formed by an enlarged portion ofthe pump tubing 13, said jacket being connected at its upper end by a reducing coupling 98 with that por-.

tion of the pump tubing that is of smaller diameter than the jacket 99.

The valve-operating mechanism is connected for operation by suitable means with the piston 39 and these means, though they may be of. any suitable construction, in this instance, are as follows: Passing through the heads 40, 44. and slidably engaging the piston 39 is a rod 79 which has on it two shoulders, an upper shoulder 80 and a lower shoulder 81. The rod 79 passes through a bore 82 in the upper piston head 83. Thus, there is provided a lost motion connection between the valve-operating mechanism and the piston for, on the upstroke of the piston, the shoulder 80 is engaged by the piston head 83 and, on the down stroke of the piston. the shoulder 81 is engaged by the piston head 83. In this instance, the shoulders 80, 81 are a discharge formed by the lower and upper ends, respectively, of coil springs which surround the rod 79, the lower spring 81 seatmg against an abutment 84 on the lower end of the rod 79 and the upper spring 80 seating against an abutment 85 nearthe upper endof said rod. This particular type of lost motion connection is for the purpose of storing power in the springs 80, 81, which power is utilized in operating the valve mechanism. It sufiices to state that the valve mechanism operates to i simultaneously movethe valves 47, 54 into the closed positions and the valves 49, into the open positions and, also to simultaneously move the first mentioned valves into the open positions and the last mentioned valves into the closed positions.

- The macaroni tubing 74 passes upwardly through the casing head 12 and through a 86 that closes the upper end of thetubing 13. Near its iupper end the tubing plug 13, above the casing head 12, is provided with pipe 87 for the fluid that is being pumped. 1

. Now referring more particularly to Figs. 8 and 9 of the drawings, the smaller bore portion 26 is provided with a port 88 which communicates with a conduit 89 that extends downwardly through the discharge head 15 from the upper end thereof-to near the lower end thereof,-thence laterally to the periphery of said head 15-so as to communicate at its lower end with the interior of the casing. The purpose ofthis construction is to permit inflow of fluid tothe bore portion 26 on downward motion of the plunger rod and to permit of out-flow of said fluid from the bore portion 26 on the up-stroke of the connecting- 'one another and for this reason'the plunger,

pistonand connecting rod are provided in their peripheries with grooves 190. These grooves 90 are of a helical construction, thus forming screw threads that extend from endv to end of the plunger, the piston and the con-' necting rod. When sand andother particles of the formation in which the pump is placed, work between the plunger barrel and plunger, the cylinder and piston, or the connecting rod and its guide, said particles drop into the i grooves 90and, accordingly, do not actto score the surfaces that are in sliding contact.

The upper end of the macaroni tubing will be connected to a source of compressed fluid,

which fluid furnishes the power for operating the pump and the operation is as follows:

The power fluid passes down the macaroni tubing thence into the tubing 64, whence it plunger on its down stroke.

asses into the chamber 56. The valve 55 eingopen as shown in Fig. 2, the wer fluid passes sa d valve, flows through t e conduit 60 into the chamber 42, duct 41 to the upper end of the cylinder above the piston 39.. his forces the piston on its down stroke and the piston through the connecting rod at the same time forces the pump As soon as the pump plunger begins its down stroke, the valve.22 opens and the standing valve 20 closes, thus causing displacement of fluid from below the pump lunger into the space above said plunger. s the connecting rod section 28 moves downwardly it' displaces fluid in the working barrel through the head 15 intothe pump tubing. As the piston moves downwardly it displaces the fluid therebeneath within the cylinder through the conduit 57 into the chamber 50, thence through the port 48 into the space between the tubing 13 and macaroni 74. When the piston almost reaches the bottom of its down stroke, it effects operation of the valve mechanism, through the rod 79 so as to close the valves 49, 55 and open the valves 47, 54. As

soon as this occurs, the power fluid discharges from the chamber 56 past the valve 54 into the port 52, thence through the conduit 57 into the lower end of the cylinder below the piston which-accordingly, is then actuated on its up stroke. The fluid within the cylinder above the piston flows upwardly through the port 41 into the chamber 42 past the valve 47 through the port 43 and out into the space between the tubing 13 and macaroni 74. The upwardly moving piston carries with it the pump plun er and, at the beginning of the up stroke 0 the plunger, the valve 20'opens thus admitting fluid from the well into the lower portion of the working barrel, and the valve 22 is closed by the weight of fluid above it. The ascending plunger forces'the pumped fluid through thebore 33 of the head 15 into the chamber 34,'thence through the ports 35 past the valves 36, thence upwardly through the pump tubing 13. p

The connecting rod sections 27 28, hereinbefore described, constitute a stepped connecting rod and the advantage of the stepped construction is to cut down the volume offluid that is pumped on the up stroke of the plunger while, at the same time, providing for a relatively great cross sectional area of the bore ofthe cylinder 37 and piston 39 so that the power fluid will be most efl'ective in raising t e piston. The cross sectional area of the connecting rod section 28 that enters the working barrel is preferably about one half of that of the plunger so that the volumes of fluid discharged on the up and down strokes of the plunger will be approximately equal, thus, keeping the fluid column moving thence through the Y constantly and avoiding settling of the sand and other foreign solid particles that may be in said fluid column. This prevents sanding up of the pump.

To pull the ump hereinbefore described, an elevator wi 1 be applied to the macaroni tubing and said tubing will be pulled out of .thewell, thus drawing it ofl the tubing 64 anduncovering the handling nipple 95. Then" the casing head will be unscrewed from the collar 121 and the pump tubing will be raised until the upper end of the working barrel comes above the casing. An elevator' will then be placed beneathihe coupling 16 and the head 15 will be unscrewed from said coupling 16. The tubin 13 will then be raised sufliciently to ull t e plunger out of the working barre and all of the parts thus raised will then be swung to one side. Then the working barrel and the attached standing valve will be pulled out of the casing.

he last operation is to swing back over the casing the pump tubing and parts suspended thereby. The lock nut 151 which is screwed onto the head 15 beneath the coupling14 will then be removed from said head and the tubing and its suspended parts will be lowered into the casing until the elevator under the reducing coupling 98 rests on the collar 121.

An elevator will be applied to the handling nipple 95 and the tubing 64 raised sufficiently to release the shoulder 68 from the support-67. The coupling 98 will then be unscrewed from the pump jacket and the sup port 67 will be screwed out of the pump jacket. The tubing 64 will then be raised to lift the pump barrel off its seat 31. This permits oil to drain from the pump jacket into the casing. The elevator attached to the handling nipple 95 will then be raised suflicient- 1y to pull the entire pump, including the valve mechanism within the housing from the jacket. The parts of the pump may then be repaired or replaced, as is necessary. The jacket may remain in the well and the pump returned thereto by a reversal of the operations hereinbefore described or, if desired, said jacket may be removed from the casing.

It is to be noted that, in replacing the pump in the well, the sleeve 77 will be guided onto the tubing 64 by reason of the cap 78 engaging the cone-shaped upper end 7 2 of the strainer 96.

It is also to be particularly noted that before placing the pump in the well, the shoulder 68 which is screwed onto the member 64 is adjusted so that the head 15 just fits in the seat 31, the weight of the housing 45 and its contents being mainly carried by the shoulder 68, thus avoiding buckling of the housing 45 which, if it were to occur, might interfere with the operation of the valve mechanism contained within said housing 45.

I claim: a 1. A fluid-operated pump comprising a vertical tube provided at its upper end with a strainer, a power fluid induction tube slidably engaging the first mentioned tube and spaced from the strainer, pump tubing sur rounding the tubes and spaced therefrom,

and a means within the ump tubing operas b le b3 fluld pressure w1thin the firstmentione tube to pump a fluid through the pump tubing.

2. A fluid-operated pump comprising a vertlcal tube provided at itsupper end with a strainer, a power fluid induction tube slidably en aging the first mentioned tube and spaced mm the strainer, pump tubing surrounding the tubes and spaced therefrom, a support connecting the first mentioned tube and the pump tubing and provided with vertlcal openings for the passage of a fluid, and a means connected with the first mentioned tube operable by fluid pressure therewithin to pump a fluid throu h the pump tubing.

3. A fluid-operate pump comprising a vertical tube provided at its upper end with a strainer, a power fluid inductlon tube slid ably en aging the first mentioned tube and spaced f rom the strainer, pump tubing surrounding the tubes and spaced therefrom, a support connected with the pump tubing and provided with vertical openings for the passage of fluid, a shoulder on the first mentloned tube resting on the'su port, a means connected with the first mentloned tube operable b fluid pressure therewithin to pump a fluid t rough the pump tubing said means includin a working barrel and a member provide with an external beveled portion, and a member secured to the lower end of the pump tubing and provided with a beveled seat-to receive said beveled portion.

4. A fluid-operated 'pum comprising a vertical tube, a power flui induction tube 'slidably engaging the first mentioned tube,

pump tubin surrounding the tubes and spaced there rom, a support holding the first mentioned tube and secured to the pump tubing and provided with vertical openings for the passage of a fluid from the portion of the pump tubing above said support into the portion of said pump tubing below said support,

and a means connected with the first mentioned tube operable b fluid pressure therewithin to pump a fluid through the tubing.

5. fluid-operated pump comprising a. vertical tube, a power fluid induction tube 'slidably engaging the first mentioned tube,

external beveled portion, and a member socured to the lower end of the pump tub ng and rovided with a beveled seat to receive said veled portion.

6. A pump comprising pump tubmg, a working barrel, a valved plunger 1n the working barrel, a standing valve connected w th the working barrel, a rod guide provided with bore portions of different diameters, a means to reciprocate the plunger, said means including a rod having-sections of different diameters slidably fitting the respective bore portions of the guide, the rod section of-larger diameter having a less cross sectional area than the plunger, and a valvedconnection between the rod guide and the working barrel communicating with the bore of the working barrel.

7. A pump comprising pump tubing, a working barrel, a valved plunger in the working barrel, a standing valve connected withthe working barrel, a rod guide provided with bore portions of different diameters, a means to reciprocate the plunger, said means including a rod having sections of difierent diameters slidably fitting the respective bore portions of the guide, the rod section of larger diameter having a less cross sectional area than the plunger, said rod having a circumferential groove toicatch solid articles entrained in the fluid that may see to leak between the rod and the inner face of the guide and a valved connection between the ro guide and the working barrel communicating with the bore of the Working barrel.-

8. A pump comprising pump tubing, a working barrel, a valved plunger in the working barrel, a standing valve connected with the working barrel, a rod guide provided with bore portions of different diameters, a means to reciprocate the plunger, said means including a rod having sections of different diameters slidably fitting the respective bore portions of the guide, the rod section of larger diameter having a less cross sectional area than the plunger, said rod having a circumferential, helical groove to catch solid particles entrained in the fluid that may seek to leak between the rod and the inner face of the guide, and a valved connection between the rod guide and the working barrel communicating with the bore of the working barrel. 7 Y

9. A fluid-operated pump comprising a working barrel, a valved plunger in the working barrel, a standing valve connected withthe working barrel, a cylinder, a piston in the cylinder, pump tubing, a rod connecting the plunger and piston and provided with portions of different diameters, saidrod having a less cross-sectional area than the plunger, a guide provided withbore portions of different diameters closely fitting the respective rod portions, a valved connection below the guide and between the pump tubing and the working barrel, said valved'c'on'ne'ction permitting fluid displaced by the larger rod p'ortion on its down stroke to pass from the working barrel into the ipump tubing and preventing return of said uid intothe working barrel, and a valve means to admit a ower fluid to and exhaust said 'fluid from t e op osite ends of the cylinder to effect reciprocatlon of the piston.

'10. A' pump comprisin' pump tubing, a

working barrel, a valved p unger in the working barrel, a standing valve connected with the plunger, said means including'a rod having portlons of different diameters and having a less cross-sectional area than the plunger, a guide provided with bore portions of different diameters respectively fitting the the working barrel, a means to reciprocate difierent rod portions, and a valved connection below the'guide and between thepump tubing and the workin barrel, said valved connection permitting t e fluid displaced by said rod on its down stroke to pass from the working barrel into the ump tubing and pregentirlig return of said uid into the working arre F. YUNGLING.

Signed at Los 'Angeles, California this

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