US1764431A - High-pressure locomotive - Google Patents

Description

June 17, 1930. 1A, w, BRA DT 1,764,431

' PRESSURE LOCOMOTIVE Filed Jan. 24, 1925 3 Sheets-Sheet l C'AEL./7. NEH/V177:

INVENTOR.

.A TTORNEY.

June 11, 1930.

C. A. W. BRANDT HIGH PRESSURE LOCOMOTIVE Filed Jan. 24, 1925 5 Sheetsheet 2 ATTORNEY.

June 17, 1930. c. A. w. BRANDT HIGH PRESSURE LOGOMOTIVE 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed Janv 24, 1925 I N VEN TOR.

CARL. A. W .BF/INDT BY Q/' A TTORNE Y.

it Patented June 17, 1930 tourney, ion-unw v nn N; Y.

' H ete momm- Application filed January 24 11925; s rierm. 4;5,4.5f T

'1 I l invention-relates .to locomotive boilers, r i particulanly-to the typeiadapted to operate (at high puessures, although it is to be JlIldSQI- etoodithat :the @present invention is equally applicablein boilers to be operated at-eny de'sired pressure.

In meeting the demands for greater-locomotive boiler icapacity',,-the zlimit oifsize im- {posed by bridge and tunnel clearaneesqhas alreadyubeen reached. The, limit has 3150 been arrived at for safe 'vvorkingpressunes iniexisting types of ;bqilers,and further. ca-

v aeit y per unit has been soughtiby-theaddi "uoannotmeet. Y i, i v The object. of I jy present :IILVGILHOH 1 s, I

ere, vfeed water .;heaters' .and th lik Whi h,

ab-1e, and the repidly inereasing co 9 fuel efficiency as vvell, which :present' loc motives therefore,itheprovision of a eilerei wh Vi byithe anrangement and distribntion o f the heating surfaces of the boiler in 5119b meninert-as to secure the meet edva'ntegeeusze r- ,eulation .of'nwater throughout the boiler, and -.the most eifeetive heat transfe them th Hoo nbustion 'gases t the ee tentsiof the :heilin accordance with the wel known conne-tenflow rineiple-Qf heat tnansvfer; A fu ther object of my invention is the p evision -.;o f-a aboiler which, by the elimination of all 'stayer surfaces, :is capable o ib ingepe ted at pressures of from 600 to $800 lbs. per

square inch 1 or even higher, and which thereby provides the advantages to be deemed fuomzthe uselof high pree u es eem- Qth section of apreferred form f myinventieni gene further objects will appear mo e ful y in connection with the following detailed i descniption of specific embedimen s of :my 7 a ,45

invention; which are illustrated in the aceompanying drawings, of whieh;

mFig. 1 is a longitudnal =vert alveent a1' I takenaontheline 1 1iof .:Fig,2, aportion of the figure being shown in nlevatl QIlividing a rapid and Well defined wate irii i Fig. avertical transverse sectionitaken ii V J "onthe line:2 ng2iof-Fig.-l;

.Fig; B ie a vertical transverse sectiontaken a 1011 the line=3 -.3.iof Fig; ;1;; i Fig. 4 isa view similar to Fig; l ."of a asmodified form of my invention;

heath. w." Bnerrnr, gunmen esteem 03K, AS$IGNOR :Fig; 5' is a cQm-posite vertical transverse section; the left Ehalfof which-is taken ton the line 5- 75 of Figs. lfandfltan'd thetright .half of which is taken on the line fi r fi f of Figs, 1 and-4c;

Fig. 6' is a compositeaverticaltransverse section, the-left haif'of which is takenfonthe line G -650i? Figs. 1 and hand the right Fig. .7 is a compQsite vertioal ltr ansvense section, the left halfof whiehxisl taken on y of whichis taken 4; and

Fig.:811s a viewawinie levationof a atten 'ofthe structures'hown in Fig. 1. i

Asmay be-seen by aninspectwn'ofa-Fig; 1 1 4 l, I have divided the, heating surfaceof the,

boiler into ,fourgunits, consisting of a water ube imit f r-riding a'fnrnaceand combustion ghamber, a, fire tube evaporating n lQQatQ spaced theretrom, a :superheater unit located in the space @previded between vthe two uni s j t ention d, and an ,ecenomizer un t 110 lhe section fo m ng ithe'fi eh xl nd-Com foiwvai'dly, of, said water tube linitQand' reated f erwe dl y otsaid zfire tube e apq 1 bustien chamber of the. f:bbiler reselnbles in 3 I geneuelzferm the cross 'drumi ypeyof statiQn-- ary boiler with the "central tubesiremovedj therefrom-and eliminat st e fi t ey dlsu "faces usual. in :thelerd lna y form o 110.061 metive fire box se tion substituting herefor a tubefa d header'eonstructien,ad pteditozbe 'safe ywperated atehigh pressur end ,prov culationl Within the unit,

The a side Walls o his innit a e horizontally inclined tlibes, 1 of fcornpara tively. large diameter; onta ting: t or 'i .a solid water cooled wal1. Attheir ends these tubes are swaged down to agsniallergl tical headers 3 by a series of top and bot-- the unit and corresponding rear headers t (Figure 3) forming the outer extremities of the rear wallof the unit. This construction further permits sufiicient spacing of the tube holes in the headers 3 and 4 to give adequate ligamentstrength for the pressures contemplated. The roof is formed by a plurality of spaced inclined roof tubes 5 supporting a refractory baflie of any desired form which serves to close the space between the tubes, the tubes being similar in form to the tubes comprising the side walls except for the fact they are bent, as at 7, to provide a short horizontal section in front of the rear header for a purpose to be referred to later.

The rooftubes 5 are secured at their forwards ends to a horizontal transverse header 8 and at their rearward ends to vertical headers 9 which form the central portion of the rear wall of the unit. The rear vertical headers 4 and 9 are nippled attheir upper ends into a transverse header 10, and at their lower ends the outer headers 9 are nippled into a second transverse header 11 which is in turn nippled to the inner side of the headers 4. The central headers 9 are shorter than the headers 9 and at their lower ends are nippled to a short transverse header 12, which is nippled to the inner side of the two inner headers 9, the

space between headers 11 and 12 and between the headers 9 providing a fire opening 13.

The forward wall of the unit is formed by a series of short vertical headers 14, which are connected to eachother and to the vertom transverse nipples, and the transverse header 8, which is supported by the headers 3 to which it is connected by end nipples. The space 15 between the upper ends of headers l and the transverse header 8 ,forms an outlet for the combustion gases.

' which serves to direct the A transverse steam and water drum 18 is mounted above and parallel to the header 8 and is connected thereto and to the headers 3 by a plurality of nipples 19. The rear transverse header 10 extends, as shown in- Figure 1, above the level'of the roof battle 6 and is connected to the drum l8 by horizontal circulating tubes 20, which are rolled or otherwise suitably secured in the drunr 18 at approximately its horizontal diameter,

at which point the water level is normally carried.- 7

tubes 1 is placed in the same horizontal plane as the roof tubes, andformsa support for the outer portion of the roof baflie '6. The tubes, 1 cannot be carried rearward beyond the point where the roof tubes are bent, inasmuch as the tubes l lie in the same vertical plane with the outermost circulating tubes 20 and at this point are directly beneath them. Inorder therefore to accommodate these tubes the outer circulating tubes 20 instead of being integral lengths leg portionswhich receive the rear ends of the tubes 1, the tube section 2O providing the necessary communication between the tubes 1" and the header 10.

For the sake of'clearness the fuel grate has been omitted from the drawing, and it will further be obvious that any desired form of fuel may be utilized with equal facility,

- the ignited combustion gasespassing upward and rearwardly of the bafi le 17 between the extended portion of the arch tubes 16, and then forwardly to' the'combustion gas outlet 15. It is to be understood, however, that the form of bafitling may be altered in any way desiredto suit specific individual requirements without departing from the spirit or scope of my invention.

By means of the construction just described I provide a fire box and combustion space which presents substantially entirely water cooled surfaces tojthe fire on all sides,

whereby a maximum amount of heat is absorbed by radiation, and this is accomplished by means which entirely eliminate undes1rable flat stayed surfaces and which follow only approved engineering practice. The tubes and drums maybe made of seamless V tubing, and the headers are preferably of forged or cast steel, the entire structure be ing capable of withstandingextreme operating pressures.

Inasmuch as the major amount of evaporation takes place in this unit, it is imperative that there be a free, definite and regular water circulation therein, and it will be obvious from Figure 1 that I have provided such; a circulation in which the forward headers 3 and nipples 19 function as downcomers receiving water from drum 18 and supplying the evaporating side, roof, and

uptake headers 4 and 9. The discharge from the up-take headers isreceived by the cirarch-tubes, which dischargeinto the rear ,55 fexposure of riigete i 'icnlating tubes 20 through the upper TICK/3J1 tra'nsi er selheader IOQnd'these-tuheS together W t -.1 e 1 dri i a pr i e; e e s t steam disengagingsurfacefor the separation of the rstealnandwater discharged. 'froinithe .eyaponatingjtubes, Itwill thus be seen that I :liaye proviclel a; circulation in this s elotion analogous to that of V; the cross cl-runr jst atioiiary bOilGrf Which has fproved itself capable of operating satisfactorily athigh f [overload ratings and; of responiing quick-ly "to extreme "fluctuations in load, suoh'as are encountered 1nAl0o'o'm0t1Ve practice.

V n 1 l The "fire "box unit j ust desor'iloecl is' olosed inan-outer'ca'sing or main shellf22,

Whiiih is carri'ed torward as, shown in Figl ,ure 1 and {houses theisupenhefater; and the "fire tube evaporating 'unitsasjvell asfthe leeoi'ion'iizer. f 4 Ii 1 The superheater unitjfis located justffon Sta-relief theffire box "unit and will ibe Cleff sorib'ed in detail -later.

"ITl-'1'e fire tube evaporating unit, \yhieh ,prov'ides the main Water storing capacity oft-he ,25Ylooomotive, is primarily designedft'o Withfs'tandhig'h operating pressures and inplace oif theu sual single drum of large diameter have substituted'a number of small di'aml V eter drums so arranged as to utlllze to the gol naxiipum extent the clearance .s'pace' ayail 'ahle As ill begnoterl from Figure 2 the I Cross "section of the locomotive at this point is substantially rectangular, thisshapeper- ',initting the 'use of a larger seot'ional area i-itithin' given Clearance limits than is possible @With theuse'ofa cylindrieal shell. In the embodiment illustrated]: have shown nine ijtweenthese drumsfand between the outer clrums andthemain' boilershellh22occupied bye, nurn bfefrof siinilardrunis 24of smaller diaineter; although'itis to be understood that the nu'mber and relative positions "of the 1 farms employe'cli may he m d without de- 1 $1J'artingfromtheseope of my invention;

ftheuse of these smalltliame'ter drumslliam.

ab le to provide a fire tube evaporatingQ unit capable of withstanding the extremely high I t v 'iopeliating pressures contemplated, without a 'using'drum Walls of a thickness greater than normal; that is to 'say,athioknessiof one "inch or-le'ss. I prefer-to use drun 's, the

I cylinolrical she-user which areformi d ot seam less drawn and thereby avoidthe f Q JIffdesired, thespaoes'l etween theexteriors oftheflseveral druinsimay be blockecloff hy suitable refraetory' bafiles, i n which 'case" all so o-f" the? combustion 'gases fwil'llie-forced through the fire tubes; the spaces may he left A j open; in which "case a portionofitlre come t ibustionfgases will passbetween'the drums i and make fusefu'l evaporating surface the 6:; exterior surfaces thereof," .or .a portion only disea'nis to the eombusti'on the radiant-heat fro Wherethe pace islarge'enoug hinseotioiiah 1 e boil Whioh;ashmayibe seen from elFigu-re'l;-=are" ngo'f fse't relation to ecjq moaatethe "insjertion otthe nipples in the cylindrical V shell portionsjthefedf. V Aijsimilar 'tran sveij e st am and Water drum "ill dl ntedt qufinae-the mainboiler shell as theforwardend of "the fire tube?clrums, ,eaehofwhieh is in T v turn conneoted to" the ,clruini 28f lojy h1eans (if I a second setof nipples 2 9,, theliiorward ends of the'dr'ums beingofis'et'iin the samemang 28 andBO areconnected bya series "of water;

circulators 3'1, and steam" circulato'ifs 132; go

omeirsi 1 i c ct ph fiend. of he 7 wiser space 071 'th' i drum; :30 with the." drun1"26;"$ I n lt Will it I geneF-ating'unit a leo njt-inujous oirculatijonfhas been, proyi'clecl for. The nip1 3les29{Carry the steam and atei.'cl1'se1iarge fromfthe generating,drmn tothe-transverse steamjand Water drum 28;.Whichfproxiiclesj the'necessa'ry liberating sufrfacefthe 'steam separated i n j gflol drum 28jihei'ng carried io'v eiito "the stea space of drum 30-throughethefoireulatoi s32, e

Where further 7 separation; Inlay} take {ii-ace;

and 'fro n ith'erefbeing diseh'argedjtonthe.su- I perheater. return 'Water circulation ;,,-1 05 provided from ,gdmm 28, through the circu theiswer water drunrQG', which s-ervesto nippl s 73 V supply the evaporating drums the 510 to the fire box u'i'ii't" by means i of; a series 1 of.

ertical tube's'j l' connecting the flowertfan'sverse water drum 26- withft'hefwatermspace llfi of 'thetransvers'e gram 1 These wees serve as equalizers hetweentlietwo units-end neare the means f r-suppl ingreed Y W t' ri' he mb xi i -g lnzi i i e m i b seen f om Fi res 11 v t e s? tubesiform a 'Wat'er screen; across the coriilou'se tion'g'as 'outletllli {o f the beginning I These tub'es will generate st'ejam inhoonsitlerable QuantityQaS theyflare' subjected! namely ,w a

at approi'iilnately firebox temperature, and

theirdiseharge into the drum 1'81Willbfel'i ery violent. In order]thereforetoi provideq a ady Jfl w r. r eve-1 9 5191,

"t'oji thefull yolumefof the" combustion gasses curved bafile 35 is provided in drum 18 over said nipples, the baflle, however, not extending to the; ends of the drum. Water flowing to the nipples 19 .passes underthis bafiie from the comparatively quiet ends of the drum and. a-fsteady supply ofjwater to the nipples and downfiow headers is thus assured. v I

In order that dry steam may be taken oif from the drum 18, a second baifle 36 is placed across the top of the drum above the circulators 20 and below the steam offtake 37, this second baflie also terminating at the drum heads short of the ends of the drum so that the discharge from the circulators and the tubes is prevented from reaching the steam ofltake 37 directly, thesteam flowing to the otftake by way of'the. spaces at the ends of the dru As indicated in Figure 1 a considerable space is provided between the'vertical tubes 34 and the rear ends of the firetube evaporating drums 23 and 24, this space being enclosed by the main boiler shell 22 and forming a location for the superheater unit. The

steam offtake 37 from the firebox unit and the offtake 38from the firetube unit are connected by means of flexible expansion oints 39, in which may be incorporated steam separators, to a commonsuper'heater inlet member 40 having twobranch arms which connect respectively to the superheater inlet headers 41 and 42. Headers 41 and 42 are respectively connected by tubular superheater elements 43 and 44 to a common outlet header 45, from which the steam is delivered to the usual throttle indicated at-46 The main boiler shell 22 is carried for- Ward from the fire-tube evaporating unit to form a smoke-box section 'invwhich there is mounted transversely thereof an economizer,

- indicated generally at 47, which delivers the boiler feed Water through the conduit 48 to the Water space'of the dru'm28. The main boiler shell is recessed at eitherside of. the economizer and in the recesses so provided there are disposed a series of vertical settling tanks 49 and 50 at either side of the boiler. An exhaust steam feed water heater 51. is provided which delivers pre-heated feed water through the left hand series of settling tanks 49 to the economizer. From the economizer the feed water, which has been raised to approximately boiler temper- 1 ature, is delivered through the right "hand series of settling tanks 50 and conduit 48 to the boiler drum28. The economizer shown here, together with the settling tanks and arrangement thereof, is illustrated in detall in my copending application Serial am -3,538, filedJ'anuary 19, 192 5, to which reference may be had for a more detailed description.

' Referring now to Figure 4, I have shown a modified form of'boiler 'which in the main is similar in construction and arrangement to the form shown in Figure 1 but which is adapted to accommodate a difierent form of economizeri In this formthe firebox'and.

superheater units are identical with those already described and therefore need not be described in detail; The firetube unit is also similar in general arrangement to the form shown in Figure 1 but is composed entirely of drums .23" which are somewhat longer than the corresponding drums shown in Figure 1 and which occupy'the major portion of the smoke-box section. In this form, where the smaller drums are omitted, comparatively large spaces are left between the drums, which are utilized for the accomodation of. atubular economizer. In this form of (construction, pre-heated feed water is delivered from the feed water heater 51 through the conduit 52 to an economizer header 53 which is suitably partitioned to cause a series flow of feed water through the tubular economizer units 54 arranged in the a inter-drum spaces formed by the lower rows of drums. After traversing the first series of elements 54, the feed water passes through the nipple 55 to a second header 53, similar to header 53, and which directs the feed water serially through a second series of elements 54 arranged in the inter- .drum'space between the upper rows of drums] Nipple 56 connects; the outlet of header 53 with a third header 56 which directs, the feed water through a third series of economizer elements 54" located between the uppermost drums and the main boiler shell. The feed water is discharged from header 56'through the conduit 57 to the water space ofthe forward boiler drum 28'. From the foregoing description it may readily be'seen that I have provided a locomotive boiler Whichis materially difierent from the usual form, over which it possesses substantial "advantages Which'may be briefly summarized as followsz,

I am enabled, because ofthe water tube construction of the firebox unit employed, to provide a firebox and combustion space of greater volume than is usually the case This results in improved combustion condiprinciples of boiler construction and with v existing shop facilities.

i [as moms;

time, a better heat transfer rate due to the large arealaof heating. ,surface exposed to idlrect kradiationfrom the fire, and a desiriableloWering of the temperature of the .coinbustlon gases before theirfexit from the combustion chamber.

cause ofthe large grate. area Which it ispossilo'le to 're nployy a greater combustion rate :JllElYgbQ maintained rtv ithout the introduction fze'xcessive rdra'fit .and cinder losses; I V ob stainrthe regularaanel rapid water circulation ot-the :most .approyedtype of ,Wfiillflftllbfi i boilers, gwiththe consequentflincrease in the ratesof evaporation and. furthermore because ofthe rom of my :firebox unit I have ayailtablesteani, generating means hich-is pecujil-iarly adapted to :ineet the extreme -fiuctuat e 1 ng loads encountered in locomotivepractice.

' l By the construction and arrangement of :theifiie tube evaporating unit I take adtan- --tageof-the full sectional area, available for ma locomotive,- which is considerably. greater .than :can be utilized With the ordinary ;cy-'

"lind-rical formxof boiler shell. This presents afree gas area greatly in'excess of that usually availabla resulting in a greater possible boiler capacity. By using this section of the 'boiler for a fire tube evaporating unit -only, "I am ableto provide in this space fire tube evaporating drums in which are used a large number 'oflclosely spaced, small -diameter fire tubes,giving alarge area of "heating surface per unit of boiler length and "thereby "obtaining the required amount of heating surface with a unit of comparatively e short length, I obtain an -improved evapo- "ratil g rate in the fire tube unit by the arlgrangement of the se -er'algelements in such v 'manner that a definite :and regular Water 140 circulation therethrough is obtained, analoffi're :tube unit furthermore providesva large gous to that of a ater tube boiler. The

storage capacity' and forms a reservoir, of

water heated to the evaporating temperature available as feed to the firebox unit, which is called uponio add only the heat of Vapori- 7 .J zation thereto in' order to produce the steam necessary to meet increases in load.

I "f By p'lacing the superheater unit between, the ifirebox unit-and the fire tube unit; and

, theeconomi zer forward of the latter unit t jlobtain a waterand steam fioW through the 5 ibo'ile'r counter to that of the gases, and thereby'cbtain the most eflicientrate :of heat transfer. Thesuperheater unit is placed in a high temperature gas zone Where the required degreeof s uperheat may b'e' obtained v with a minimum amount of -supei -"heatiiig' surface. This results not only in a reduction "inyt'he pressuredrop through the super 7' heater,- due to the'i short elements employed,

but also in a reductiouin the obstruction tothe free gas flow through the boiler 'be-v cause-01E; the space occupied by the superiheate'r elements. I further obtain the ad- Furthermore, be-

vantages of a mixedradiant anal-c mment typev superheater, as swi h I hea'sute heate arrangemen I employ the ele nts dissent are exposed not only to the gases inweontaet therewith but also to direct" radian heat from the firebox unit. u the more he amount-oi radiant heat -;reacl iing the f heater elements may be, readilycontr Because of the short regattas as e w cu to materially increase; the: o er Qn'gfif ciency by reducing the temperatur combustion? gases to .a;point;near--boiler tem perature before theylireach the stack 1 The provision :ofthe two. series ofs efutlingi f tanks; assurestheeliminatiohof s bstan tially all feed Water impurities: before the feed .Waterenters the boiler 1 and because of 5 the re-circulation of the boiler. ater in the by the arrangement and spacingco fthe meal]; 5 tube scrjeen'interposcdfbetw. en' the firebox and su'perheaterunits. E"

unit possible :Wi'th any}iconstrilctimlt- 0 able Within a permissible aoverau .-%b it r length toobtain' a,.-10n -;a dlfunohst ucted smoke-box s ctiong uitable for t e eccqm modation of anteconoiiiizer of sufii fire tube evaporating section any/impurities I which may ass through ;the""settling chamJ- l bers will be c eposited in the tfire tubesech bl before reaching the fire: boX'. ni 0 .wh fih e9 a substantially pure -fe'ed'water is Ealwa sq supplied This latter feature' is important; i

astherate ofevaporationin=thefire boxfunit is very-rapidand this;toge th er with the af treme gas temperature obtaining inthisunlt,

a stir-- makes it desirablerthat the evapomt faces thereof be-kept as tree, from possible. I p a What I clainiiszE 1; A locomotive boiler comprising l serially 4 arranged with respect. to the; gas

e ve

, a. 7.. i rality .ot commun cat ng evaporat ng units ering a steam andwaterfmixture froinc the generating? elements and; thereto.

2. A locomotive boiler comprising atpri marry water tube evaporating. :lllllt hay ng a1 fi rning water V p p I Y complete Water circulation -Within' 'i tself,fa

secondary firevtubeievaporating unit, said secondary unit having a con 'pletezwater 77 circulation independenttotlthat of said pr -f a I mary unityand connectionfbejtween saidigizs units whereby-saidsecondaryunit furn shes' the feed Water supplied .to said primary unit. a

1 8. locomotive boilei ic'omprisinga w niary Water tube evaporat ng umthaninga? 'icomplete'watcr circulation withinitself, a secondary fire tube evaporating unit, sa1d secondary unit having'a complete water circul'ation independent of that of said primary unit, a conn'ect1on'between'sa1d LII1liLSWliBI'Q by said secondary unit furnishes the feed Water supplied to sa1d primary unit, and a common steam offtake from said units.

'4. A locomotive boiler comprising a primary Water tube evaporating unit having a I a complete water circulation Within itself, a

secondary fire tube evaporatingunit, said secondary unit having a complete water circulation 1ndependent of that of said pr1- mary unit, and a feed water connection from said secondary to said primary unit, a com- 'mon steam oiftake from-said units, and a superheater located between sa d units and connected to said steam offtake.

51A locomotiveboiler comprising a primary'water tube evaporating unit having a complete water circulation within itself, a secondary fire tube evaporating unit, said secondary unit having a complete Water circulation independent of that of said primary unit, a common steam olftake from said units, and a superheater located be- A with a primarywater tube evaporating unitunits. If

tween said units and connected to said olftake.

6. In a locomotive boiler, the combination the tubes of which form the walls of a furnace and combustion space and having a definite and complete water circulation within itself, of a secondary firetube evaporating unit, having a complete Water circulation independent of said primary unit and through which the combustion gases discharged from said primary unit pass,and means for abstrac'ting additional heatfrom the combustion gases after the major portion of their heat has been given up to the evaporating 7.111 a locomotive'boiler, the combination wlth-a'primary water tube evaporatingunlt the tubesof whichforni the Walls of a fur- -nace' and combustion space, and having a definite andcomplete water circulation within itself; of a secondary firet-ube evaporating unit having a complete Watercirculation independent of said primary unit and through -Wl'liCli the combustion gases discharged from said primary unit pass, and a super-heater located'between sa1d units.

8. In a locomotive boiler, the combination of a primary water tube evaporating unit 1 the tubes of which form the walls of a furnace'and combustion space and having a definite and "complete water circulation Within itself, a secondary firetube evaporating unit,

having a complete water'circulation inde- 1 pendent of sa1d primary unit and through,

v Which the combustion gases discharged from said primary; unit pass, a superheater locatedbetween saldumts, and means for abstracting additional heat 'froni the combustion gasesv after themajor portion of their heat has been given up to the evaporating units. i

9. A locomotive boilerrc'omprising, in combination, a Water tube primary evaporating unit having a small'water volume and a definite and' complete 'water circulation within itself, the tubes ,of said'unit forming the walls of a furnace and combustion chamber,

a secondary firetubeevaporating unit having a large water volumeanda definite and complete water circulation independentof sa1d primary unit, and aavater feeding connection fromf said secondary'to said primary unit, whereby said secondary unit provides 'for'both units .a large reserveof water at evaporating temperatrire to meet fluctuating steam demands.

10. A locomotive boiler. comprising, in combination, a prmiary water tube evaporating unit having asmall water volume and a definite and completev Water circulation within itself, the tubes "ofsa-id unit forming the walls of a furnace and combustion chamber, a secondary firetube evaporating unlt having a large Water volume and a definite and complete water circulation independent of sa1d primary unit, a Water connection between said units, and an economizer delivera secondary firetube evaporating unit having a large volume and a definite and complete tween said units let.

12. A locomotive boiler comprising, in combination, aprimarywater tube evaporating unit having a small Water volume and a definite and complete Watercirculation within itself, the tubes of Said unit forming the water circulation independent of said pri- 7 marygunit, a common 'steam outlet connect ing said units, and a superheater located beand connected to said out walls ofa furnace andcombustionrchamber,

a secondary 'firetube. evaporating unit having alargewater volume and adefinite and complete water circulation independent of said primaryunit, a-water connection between said. units, a common steam; outlet connecting said units, a superheater located between said units-and connected to said outlet, and an" jeconomizer delivering water at substantially evaporating; temperature to :said secondary evaporating unit.

15. In 7 a ,Watertube locomotive firebox unit, in combination, upflow and downflow headers, a steam'and water drum above said downflow headers, v ,clrculators connectingsaid'dr-uni with; said downfl'ow headers, circulator-s connecting said" drum with said up flow headers,and apluralityofhorizontally inclined tubes," connecting- Y saiddownflow tosaid upflow headers and i'fo'rming the. side walls of said fire-box, said: tubes bei-n X- v posed for the major portion of their length to radiant heat generated in the fire-box.

"'14P. 111 a ater tube loconiotixre fireboX unit, in -combmanen, upflow and" do nfloW headers, a steam and Water 'dr uin above; I said 'downflow. headers, ci-rculators connect, A ingfsai'd druni-"Withsaid downflowgheaders ici' rcu-latorsconnectin said drum" Withsaid upflow headers, a plurality of horizontally 'lators,

1 '15; In a watertubelocomotive firebox down-flow headers, horizontally unit, the combination with upfiow' and lnelined side-'walltubes' connecting said headers, a

1 stea rnand ater drum, and eir culators con-- necting said druin with' said 'downflow necting 'said last named headersheaders, of circulator's connectingsaid: up-

flow headers With said drum, {said circu lators carryingheaders intermed ate their ends; 1a-nd supple1nental side Wall tubes condoWnfloW headers.

unit, a; sidewall construction comprising,

' 1 combinatioma v ertie'a'lupflowheaderjand a, ire'rtiizaldownfl'oxt header, a steam and I -Water drulnlabove said doWn'fi'oW header, a

fi'l c v i,

' downflow header, a-plurahtyof horizontalcirculator connecting said drumto said 31y inclined sidewall tubes conneoting said headers,- a substantially 'liorizontal circulator t connecting said upflow header swith said drum and means rovidin additional water cooled side- Wall surface between said side wallitubes and said last named c ireulator.

v "jfire box unit comprising horizontally. in-Q j 17 I In i a locomotive boiler, a Water tube cli'ned side wall' t ub'es, outer tront and-rear 'headers"connected'by said side Wall tubes,

intermediate tront and rearheaders connected to said' outer headers and; forming f'ro'nt and rear'Wa-ter W21Jll'S,'LI1d 1OO'ff tubes connected to saidinterm'ediat'e headers, some "of -said intermediate front headers being. spaced apart and-providing a. combustion gas outlet there-between. a I, 18]. In a locomotive boiler,*aa;water tube fire-box" unit Comprising: horizontally inicli'ned sidewa-l ht'ubes, outer front an'd'rear "headers connected by said? side Wallttubes, o intermediate front, and-rear headers conn ected* to said outer headers and" forming fr'onfi'and rear Water Witllfl someoi: said mediate I front headers being: space/d apart .porte'd: on said roof"tubesj anobdirecting the CQlDbllStlOIl gasestoward sai 16.]In' a Water tubelocomotivezfirebox" said outletfand said superheater. v a

l '23. In a loconiotive; :boileig the Combineintermediate frontj headei sflbel spaced? apart and providing a eembustion gas out 7 let there-between, roof tubesfoonneetiiig said int'ermediatefront and rear] headers above said outlet," and spacedarchtubes connect ing' said intermediate front and rear head 19.111 a locoinotive boiler, a' wate tribe J I fire-box] unit comprising {honi zontally-l n clined side all tubes,- outer front and rear headers I connected by said side wall tubes, in-

'terniediate front and rearheaders {connected to said outer headers and forming the from? I and reanwater Walls, some of -sai'djinter and:-- providing a "combustion gas outlet 1 t'here'between, roof tubes scon necti'ng said intermediate front and yrear headers above said outlet, "and a refractory roof bafiie? sup n outlet; 20. In a locoinotive'bioi-l'er, Water: tube fire-box unit comprising f horizontally in clined side wall 'tub'e's, outer front andlrear I i I I headers connected 'said side wallf tnbes; :i' intermediate ,front "and rear: I headens' con nected to said outer headers and li' oiming front a and rear "Water- 1 Walls, some of said intermediate, frontheaders being ls'pacedT apart and 'prouidingia combustion: gas out-1 935 let there-between, roof tubesconnectinggdtidfintermediate front -and rearfhead'ers above with said c said outlet, asteain and Water di um inount -fl ed above saidfront' headers, and cinculators connecting said drum with said front and i rearheaders." 21'. In a locoinoti ve'{boiler- ,rin jeoinbin tion," a primary evaporating-unit havin a combustionqga's' outlet therefrom; a second ary evaporating unit fthro-ugh which the combustion gases from said primary nnit pass, a superheater locatedbetweenv said units l and extendingacross said outlet, and J a connection between: the vv-atei' spacesof said Qunits, said 'conneotiompassi-ng between said: combustion gas-outlejt' and: said supei Y heaterand forming, atherlnal screen foritlie latter; 1 :7 f 1 i v 22. In a locomotive boiler-, inwcombina tion, a primary evaporating unit-having a combustiongas outlet therefrom and a steam and Water drum located above: said outlet, a secondary evaporatinglunitthrough which the combustiongases from s'aid priinary unit pass andhaving a water drumgloeated E20 below said outlet, a su perhoaten 'located 'between saidunits, and a pl'urality; ot' tubes K connecting said" aterdrum with said steam and Water drum, said tube's passing "between tion of a primary eyaporating unit: having j complete water circulation: "with n; itself, a secondary evaporatmgiumt comprisingia plufalit'y ofi, fire,- tubes dr ims,-, serially. eon 30' nectedelements connecting the end portions of said drums to forma closed water circulating path within said secondary unit in which the flow is longitudinal of said drums, some of said elements providing the steam liberating surface and steam outlet for said drums, serially connected elements connect ing the end portions of said drums to form a closed water circulating path within the unit in which the flow is longitudinal of said drums, said elements forming the sole of communication between said drums and providing the steam liberating surfaceancl steam outlet for the unit.

25. In a locomotive boiler, an evaporating unit comprising a plurality of parallel fire tube evaporating drums, a water drum connected to one end of each of said'evaporating drums, a steam and water drum connected to the opposite end of each of said evaporating drums, whereby a direct longitudinal flow through said drums is imposed, and

means of returning water from said steam and water drum to said water drum.

' 26. In a locomotive boiler, an evaporating unitcomprising a plurality of parallel fire tube evaporating drums, a water drum con nected to one end of each of said evaporating drums and supplying water thereto, a steam and water drum, connections delivering the discharge from each of said evaporating drums to said steam and water drum, a feed water inlet in said steam andwater drum, and means for conveying the feed water and the water discharged from said evaporating drums to said water drum.

. 27. In a locomotive boiler, an evaporating unit comprising aplurality of parallel. fire tube evaporating drums, a water drum connected to one end of each of said evaporating drums, a steam and water drum connected to the other end of each of said evapcrating drums, a second steam and water drum, steam and water circulators connecting said steam and water drums, downcomers' connecting said second steam and water drum to said water drum, and a steam outlet in said second steam and water drum.

28. In a locomotive boiler, the combination, with a'main shell through which the combustion gases make a single longitudinal pass; of a plurality of small diameter fire tube evaporating drums located longitudinally of said shell and occupying substantially the full sectional outline of said shell, and additional heat absorbing means located between said drums, and substantially filling tion with a main shell through which the combustion gases make a single longitudinal pass; of a plurality of fire tube evaporating drums located longitudinally of said shell and occupying substantially the full cross sectional outline thereof, and additional heat absorbing means located in the spaces between said drums, said means comprising a second series of fire tube evaporating drums substantially smaller in diameter than said first named drums.

30, In a locomotive. boiler, the combina tion, with a main shell through which the combustion gases make a single longitudinal pass; of an evaporating unit comprising a plurality of small diameter fire tube drums located longitudinally of said shell and occupying substantially the full cross sectional area thereof, all of said drums lying wholly below tliewater'lever in said boiler.

31. In a locomotive boiler, the combination, with a main boiler shell through which the combustion gases make av single longitudinal pass; of a plurality of small diameter fire tube drums located longitudinally of said shell and occupying substantially the full cross sectional area thereof, serially connected elements forming with said drums a closed water circulating path in which the fiow is longitudinal of said drums, said elements'including nipples connected to said drums,-and said drums being offset longitudinally of each other to permit said nipples to be connectedto the sides of sald drums. v

32. A locomotive boiler comprising a primary, water tube evaporating unit having a complete water circulation within tself a secondary fire-tube evaporating unit, sa1d secondary unit having a complete water circulation independent of that of said primary unit, and means connecting said units below the normal water levels thereof to maintain a substantially common water level in the twounits; A 33. A locomotive boiler comprising a primary water tube evaporating unit having a complete water circulation withln 1tself, a secondary fire tube evaporatmg un1t,-sa 1d secondary unit havinga complete water circulation independent-of that of sa1d primary unit, and a connection between sa1d units below the normal water levels therem, said connection serving to supply feed water from the secondary to the primary unltby gravity, and to maintain a substantially common water level in the two 'unlts.

34. In a locomotive boiler, the combination of a primary evaporating, unit havmg a complete water circulation wlthln itself and a steam outlet, a secondary evaporatingunit comprising a plurality of fire-tube drums, serially connected elements connecting the end portions of said drums to form a closed water circulating path w tlnn sa1d 1 1,764,431 f r f j f 9f:

secondary unitin whichthe flow is longitudinal of said drums, some of said elements providing the steam liberating surface and V I steam ontletfor said secondary unit, a super- 'heater located between said unit-sand cone "w nected' to said outlet, and a connectionjbe tween one of said elements-andsaid primary 7 'unitWherebyWater is siqoplied' to said prij 1 l rnary unit from said secondary unit." 7 35.: Inla] locomotive boilenan vaporatingunit comprising a pluralit of fire-tube f drums, arranged in p'a'i'allel with respect tov ithedgas flow through the boiler, serially con 7 v ne'cted elements connecting the end portion I "jof said drums to form a closedcwatercircu- ,lating path Within the unit in which the flow is longitudinal ofsaid drums, said elements 7 "providingthe steamliberating surface, and steam o'utletfor'theunit. v e 36 In a locomotive boiler, an evaporati P flingnnit comprising a plurality of fire'tube r I ixdruins, arranged in parallel with respect to 'Q the gas flow through the boiler, serially connected elements connecting the end portions ofsaid drums to form a closed Water circus 'lating path Within the unit inwhich the flow 1; is longitudinal of saiddruins, one of said elem'ents providing a steaniliberatingsurface, and others of said. elements connecting each of said drums directly to said one i CARL A. w BRANDT. v

c element-

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