US1764065A - Coking retort oven - Google Patents

Description

June 17, 1930. J. BECKER 1,764,065

COKING RETORT OVEN Original Filed May 22. 1922' 2 Sheets-Sheet l June 17,1930. J,BEKER 1,764,065

GQKING RETORT OVEN Original Filed May 22. 1922 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented June 17, 1930 JOSEPH BECKER, OF FITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO THE KOIPER-S PENNSYLVANIA, A CORPORATION OF PENNSYLVANIA COMPANY, OF PITTSBURGH,

COKING naronr ovmv Application filed May 22, 1922, Serial No. 562,578. Renewed June 18, 1926.

This invention comprehends improvements of general utility in the coking retort oven art, and also comprehends certain improvements especially applicable to coking retort ovens of the well known cross-regenerative type exemplified in Letters Patent of the United States to H. Koppers, No. 818,033, dated April 17, 1906, and in my prior patent for a coking retort oven No. 1,374,546, dated April 12, 1921.

The invention has for objects the provision of a coking retort oven having, as important characteristics: a flue construction involving the location of the horizontal or bus flue, which connects the tops of the vertical flame lines with each other, above the top of the retort or coking chamber contiguous to the heating Wall containing the vertical flues, with the result that the upper part of the retort is not exposed to the effect of the hot gases passing through the horizontal or bus flue and over-coking of the upper part of the coal charge and destruction of the distillate gases which collect in the upper region of the retortare avoided. As a further feature to secure the above m ntioned improvement the invention pro vides insulation in that portion of the heating wall which surrounds the ducts connecting the vertical lines with the horizontal flue and also provides insulation between the sides of the horizontal flue and the top structure of the battery that is located directly above the retorts, so that overheating in the upper regions of any of the retorts is avoided.

Inasmuch as the horizontal flues are located entirely above the upper zone of the various retorts, the flame flues may be increased in height, with a corresponding increase in height of the coking chambers so that the latter may be made narrower in width, a development greatly facilitating the coking of high volatile coals, and yet having adequate provision in the horizontal flue for taking care of the increased volume of combustion products, for the reason that the horizontal flue dimensions may be made adequate to such volume, without introducing elements of Weakness in the heat ing wall construction. The flue construction of the invention is furthermore of great a part of this specification and showing, for

purposes of exemplification, a preferred form and manner in which the invention may be embodied and practiced, but without limiting the claimed invention to such, illustrative instance or instances:

Figure 1 is a crosswise vertical section through a coke oven battery embodying features above specified and equipped with the improvements of the present invention, the view being taken longitudinally through a heating wall and the communicably connected regenerators, in planes indicated by the line DD of Fig. 2; and

Fig. 2 is a composite vertical sectional elevation taken longitudinally of the coke oven battery in planes indicated by the lines AA, BB and CG of Fig. 1.

The same characters of reference designate the same parts in each of the several views of the drawings.

In the embodiment illustrated in the drawings, the invention is incorporated in a combination coke oven battery, i. e., a battery having provision for being operated either with a relatively lean eXtraneously-derived gas, such as producer gas, for fuel, or with the coke oven gas derived from the distillation of the coal in the retorts of the battery. The combination oven principle is described and claimed in the prior Letters Patent of the United States of H. Koppers, No. 1,026,169, for Retort-oven for producing ga s androkef" dated May 14,1912. For

convenience the resent descri tion will be confined to the presentrillustrated embodiment of the invention in sucha combination oven battery; the novel features and im provements made by the invention are, how ever, susceptible of other applications, such,

for example, as ordinary so-ca'lledj, coke ovens employing coke oven gas as the fuel, or ordinary so called gas ovens employing an eXtraneously-derived gas as the fuel;

hence, the invention 1S not confined-in te,

scope to the specific use and specificembodiment herein described as an illustrative example. a a

' Referring to the drawings,there are illustra'ted: viewsof-acoke oven battery or plant are'directlysupporte'd by the heavy support-i ing or pillar walls 13 which extend crosswise Q0 of'the battery and are-located, as shown in of the by-product type, having features above specified; said ov'en battery embodies in its construction a plurality of'cross-wise elongatedheating walls 11 and aplurality- Fig: 2, beneath the respective heating walls 11. These pillar walls, 'together with other 'walls,'hereinafte'r described, collectively form the ,IIIQIlIl'SUPPOIlTfOI' the entire superstructureof'the retortovenbattery and arethemselves supported upon a fiat mat or platform which constitutes 1 the sub-foundation on 'wh'ich the entire battery rests. The coal to be coked is charged into the several coking chambers or, ovens through charging holes 14. located in the top '15 of theoven battery and positioned directly above the ovens or chambers 12, as indi'cated'by dotted lines in Fig. 2.

" These chargingholes 14 are equipped with the usual removable-covers, which are removable during chargingiof the individual retorts or coking chambers and are placed 1n position to close'the tops of such coking chambers during vthe entire cokinglor distilling operation.v The gases of distillation pass from the tops of the several coking V chambers:12 through the usual gas outlets (not shown) and thence through ascension pipes (not shown) into the usual gas collect-' ingmain which carries the distillation products to .tl1e.by product recovery apparatus. Heat for coklngthe charges of coal in the severalovens or chambers 12 is derived vfrom' the heating walls 11, which, as before mentioned, extend crosswise of the battery at the sidesof the coking chambers. Eaich heatingiwall 11 is constituted of a plurality of flame or combustion flues 17. In the present embodiment ofithe invention, the flame fines of each heating wall are divided into two groups E and F by the middle lengthwise line L of the retort battery. When the flame fines of all the groups E on one side of'the'aforcsaid line L are operating for upfiow, that is to say burning, the

flame'flues on the opposite side of the said middle lengthwise line L are operatingfor downfiow to permit exhaust of the waste gases, in accordance with the usualpractice exemplified in 'thepriorjpatent to 'H. Koppers, No. 818,083, hereinbefore mentioned. On reversal of the battery, the upflow flame fines of the groupsrE become downfiow flame ,flues *and-tthe downflow flame flues of the The crosswise regenerators 18 of the battery are located at a lower'level than the.

aforesaidheating walls'll and coking chainbers l2, and, in the present instance extend l in parallelism between the pillar wallsrlfi and the other heavy supporting'walls hereinafter described.- Located in the middle lengthwise vertical plane L of the-coke oven battery,'is a vertical partition 19, as shown" in Fig. '1, which partition extends all'thei way up from the mat of the battery to the bottom of the-overlyingcokingchamber and a from one to the other of the pillarwalls 13 and the other walls which are between the pillar walls. The regenerators, which are respectively located in series on opposite sides of the battery extend inwardly'to said partition l9 and are separated thereby as clearly shown in Fig. 1. If desired, eachregenerator 18 may be provided with a vertical partition 20 located substantially midway be tween the aforesaid partition 19 and theside of the battery.

Eachregenerator 18 is a chamber contain ing open brick work, commonly called checkerwork and indicated at 21, witha-distributing sole channel22underneath such ch-eckerwork, the channels forming the soles of such chambers and openlngup into the checkerwork. The 'regenerators are heated;

in alternation, by the hot combustion products exhausted from the flame or combustion flues herein beforeinentioned and then feed into these flame fines,

impart such heatto the medium that they In the'present' embodiment of the inven-' tion, a heavy ver'tical gas-tight supporting Wall 22 extends directly beneath each retort or coking chamber in? parallelisnnbetween each two adjacent heating Walls 18. Such supporting walls 23 provide two, regenerators located respectively on'the opposite sides of such muses and between adjacent pillar walls 13. The other walls 23 also have the function with the pillar 'walls'13of sup- 1 porting'the' weight of the battery -superstructure.

This supporting wall *Ccnst-ruction provides two series ofcrosswise extend ing. parallel gas-tight load carrying walls 1 located below the coking chambers and intermediate heating walls, the supporting walls of ,one'series 13 being directly beneath the heating walls and the supporting walls of the other series 23 being directly beneath the coking chambers. The walls 23 which are beneath the coking chambers are constructed and function not as mere partitions commonly employed but as true load carrying gas-tight walls permitting the flow of different media in the checkerwork chambers separated from these walls without leakages from one checkerwork chamber into another and without danger of mixing gases in the checkerwork chambers which must be kept separate in this region of the battery.

The several regenerators on one side of the aforesaid partition 19 comprises a series E which operate concurrently for flow in one direction and the several regeneraters on the other side of said partition 19 comprise a series F which operate concurrently for flow in the opposite direction. Each regenerator is provided with a series of ducts 24 all of which lead respectively to individual flame flues 17 of the same heating wall. As shown in Fig. 2, the regenerators of each series E or F are grouped into pairs G separated by the load carrying walls 23 and the ducts 2st of both regenerators of eachpair lead respectively to flame fines of the single heating wall that is located above the pillar wall 13 which separates the individual regenerators of each pair. With this construction, each flame flue 17 communicates by a pair of ducts 24 with adjacent separate regenerators.

In the present embodiment of the invention, the reversal in flow through the flame fiues 17 on opposite sides of the before mentioned central longitudinal plane L, together with their communicably connected regenerators, takes place transversely of the battery, as has heretofore been a common practice in this art. The reversal of the battery is effected at the end of an operating period determined by practice and by means of any preferred type of reversing mechanism. The function of such reversal is as follows: the r'egenerators that prior to the reversal operated as inflow regenerators become outflow regenerators, and the outflow operating regenerators become inflow operating regenerators; the upburning series of flame flues switches function with the downflow operating series of flame flues, and the supply of gas is turned ofl from the previously upburning flues and turned on into the mains of the previously downburning flues.

In accordance with the present invention, the port or duct 25, which communicates with the top of each flame flue 17 for draft and the passage of combustion products from the flue, extends to a horizontal plane coincident with the top of the adjoining cok- I ing chamber 12, as shown in Fig. 2. The ports or ducts 25 of both groups E andF of each heating wall open up into the horizontal or bus flue 26 which is located, as provided by the invention, in the top structure 15 of the battery above the top of the adjoining coking chamber. The horizontal or bus flue 26 is connected with all the flame fines of its corresponding heating wall and permits the waste gases from the upburning flues on one side of the central plane L to exhaust into the downflow flues on the other side of said central plane. By extending the ducts 25 clear to the top of the adjoining coking chambers and by the location of the horizontal flue in the top structure 15 of the battery, the upper regions of the adjoining coking chambers are substantially unexposed to radiation from the hot gases which pass through the horizontal flue 26, and destructive temperatures'in such upper regions of the coking chambers are avoided. A further advantage of this construction is that the horizontal flues 26 may bemade of dimensions adequate to accommodate an increased volume of combustion products, without affecting the desired thickness of the upper portion of the heating wall. The maximum diameter of each of the ducts 25 transversely of the coking chambers 12 is, as shown on the drawing, a

minor fraction of the maximum diameter of the vertical combustion flues 17 transversely of the coking chambers 12, and the ducts 25 are also vertically elongated for a distance substantially as great as the minimum height of the horizontal flues 26, and

are separated throughout their vertical dimensions from the top portions of the adj acent coking chambers 12 by walls that are substantially thicker than the portions of the combustion flue walls 11 facing the coking chambers at the tops of the combustion flues. The ducts 25 are also of substantially uniform horizontal cross-sectional area from the levels of the tops of the coking chambers 12 down to the tops of the combustion flues 17. In order further to protect the upper regions of the retort 12 from the hot gases within the ducts 25 and horizontal flues 26, a vertical layer 27 of any suitable insulating material is interposed in the heating wall structure on each side of each series of ducts 25, between such series of ducts and the side faces of the upper region of the heating wall. Vertical insulating layers 28 of insulating material may also be provided along the opposite sides of the horizontal bus flues 26 to protect from the hot gases within the bus flues the top of the battery which is located directly above the top of the retort or coking chamber. Preferably the insulating layers 27 and 28 extend substan- V meshesnels 81 are for the'purp ose Ofsupph tially 'coe'irtensiv'ely with th series" of ducts? 25 and'the' horizontal flues 26.

The draft through the ports or ducts 25 maybe regulated by 'Ineans of the usual movable dampers-orsliding bricks 29, pesitioned in the ordinary way in the bottoms of the horizontal hues 26 and adapted to be reached by access fiues 30; These accessflues extend from the'top of the horizontal fines 26 in each heating wall through the top 15 of the'battery, there being an accessflue positioned over each flame or combustion flue of each heating wall. p

Extending crosswiseof the batter in each Q J L pillar wall '13 and located beneath the bee in wall 11 thereabove is oair of gas-sun- 7 l r: 1. ply channels 31. These'channels 31 extend fromthe 0o iosite sides of the batter inwardly to, the central longitudinai plane L,

'as fully described in my said prior l'latent- No. 1,374,546 and are communicably connected with the individual fines 17 by means Of'theusual" ducts within which. are

disposed" the usualf'gas nozzles. The c coke oven gas to the several flame i lueson .one'side of the central plane L, when the planeL." The su'pplyof colze'oven'eas'tothe respectivechannelsfil 1s derived iroin coke oven gas mains of the usual type and are flues are'burning on that side and, after rcversal, to the several 'fiaineiiues on the opposite side ofthe before'menti-oncd central respectively located on' the opposite sides of the battery and extend"longitudinally therealong. Suitable means is provided foradn'itting or cutting. off the supply of gas with respect to; the channels of each. side of the battery, it being understood that the-supply "as maintained on one s de of the battery while out off from the other."

' For operating the battery alternately with the use of a special generatongas, such as producer gas, one regenerator of each pair 2G maybe optionally connected with a pro ducer as main b vmechanism such as 1s disclosed in my prior Letters Patent of the United Statesfor a Coking retort'oven, No. 1,416,322, issuedMay 16, 192.2,so thatthe producer'gas may bedirected-into the in-- fiow regenerators P and conveyedthrough these're enerators into burning flame dues b Q 17 1 I I The operation of the batter when em- 1 a ploying a special generator gas, such ordlnary producer gas, is as follows: the supply of coke oven gas to the coke oven'ol all of the gas channels 31' is cut oil. A supply of producer gas is permitted to. flow into the the inflow' regenerators "P, and passing through said regenerators, the producer gas is preheatedbeforebeing delivered into the burnin flame flues'." Durin the inflow of producer gas through such regenerators P,

waste gas froni -the -.downburning fines is ators WV. In the "other regeneratorsAlof the lIlilOW series,'1nfl0w of alr'is 1na1nta1nedandflowing out through mange-lemon lot the v serieson the opposite side of the battery,so that the latter operate aswaste'gas regenerpas'sing upwardly through such regener ators, the air finally enters the'burning' fines to support the combustion of'the pro duc'e'r 'ga s that' is deliveredthereto by the gas regenerators P. On reversal of thefiow, the inflow operating regenerat'ors" become outflow regenerators and concurrently the outflow operating regenerators beconie'fin flow regeneratorsi' v p v In operating the battery with cokeov'en" gas in the ordinary man er, the supp'ly of producer gas to the regeneiators P is shut oh and air is permitted to flowinto'such re-"j generators in place of the producer gasfso thatall of the regenerators of theiniiow' series operate for inflow of air. Duringcokey oven gas operation, a supplyof'coke ovengas is maintained in the channels "311 which feed the upburning flues." The reversing" mechanism is operated at eac-hreversal to I claim r 1. A coking retort oven comprising, in combination: a series ofalternatesubstan tially parallel horizontal coking chambers and heating walls therefor arranged side by-side in a substantially horizontal row," each of said heatingwalls comprising ver tical'combustion flue's; horizontal flue's in the topstructure above the colnngchambers' and";

the heating walls and communicably con nected with a plurality of combustion fiu'es 1 ofthe heating walls respectively byduct" means extending as high as thetops-of the coking chambers adjoining said heating walls insulating nieans'interposed between said duct means and the opposite side faces {1 of the ieatmg walls; and insulatingmeans x extending along the opposite sides of each horizontal flue to protect from the hot gases in each horizontal flue thatregion of the top structure which is located" directly above each coking chamber; substantially as specified- 2. Acokmg retort oven co1rprising, -in' combination: a series of 'alternatesubstan-i tially parallel horizontal coking chambers and heating walls therefor arranged side-byside in a substantially horizontal row," each" of said heating walls'f-comprising verti calcombustion flues; ho'rizontal'flues in the" top structure above the coking" chambers and the heating walls and communicably connected with a plurality of combustion fines of the heating walls respectively by duct means extending as high as the tops of the coking chambers adjoining said heating walls; and insulating means interposed between said duct means and the opposite side faces of the heating walls; substantially as specified.

3. A coking retort oven comprising, in combination: a series of alternate substantially parallel horizontal coking chambers and heating walls therefor arranged side-byside in a substantially horizontal row, each of said heating walls comprising vertical combustion fines; horizontal fines in the top structure above the coking chambers and the heating walls and communicably connected with a plurality of combustion fines of the heating walls respectively by duct means extending as high as the tops of the coking chambers adjoining said heating walls; and insulating means extending along the opposite sides of each horizontal fine to rotect from the hot gases in each horizontal ue that region of the top structure which is located directly above each coking chamber; substantially as specified.

4. A coking retort oven comprising, in combination: a series of alternate substantially parallel horizontal coking chambers and heating walls therefor arranged side-byside in a substantially horizontal row, each of said heating walls comprising vertical combustion fines; horizontal fines extending into the top structure that is above the coking chambers and the heating walls and communicably connected by duct means with a plurality of combustion fines of the heating walls, respectively, for passage of combustion products to and from said fines in alternation; insulating means interposed between said duct means and the opposite side faces of the heating Walls; and insulating means extending along the opposite sides of each horizontal fine to protect from the hot gases in each horizontal fine that region of the top structure which is located directly above each coking chamber; substantially as specified.

5. A coking retort oven having a series of alternate substantially parallel horizontal coking chambers and heating walls therefor arranged side-by-side in a substantially horizontal row, each of said heating walls com-- prising vertical combustion fines and each of said coking chambers extending a considerable distance above the levels of the tops of said combustion fines in the heating walls contiguous thereto, combined with horizontal fiues located substantially entirely above the levels of the tops of the coking, chambers and also above the levels of the tops of said vertical combustion fines and each of said horizontal fiues being communicably connected with a plurality of the combustion fines of one of said heating walls, by ducts for passage of combustion products to and from said vertical combustion fines in alternation, said ducts having their maximum diameter transversely of said coking chambers a minor fraction of the maximum diameter of the vertical combustion fines transversely of said coking chambers and also being disposed above the levels of the tops of thevertical combustion fines and below the levels of the bottoms of said horizontal fines and communicating with the combustion fines at the tops thereof and with the horizontal fiues at the bottoms thereof, and being both vertically elongated for a distance substantially as great as the minimum height of the horizontal fines and separated throughout their vertical dimensions from the top portions of the adjacent coking chambers by walls that are substantially thicker than the portions of the combustion fine walls facing the coking chambers at the tops of the combustion fines.

i 6. A coking retort oven having a series of alternate substantially parallel horizontal coking chambers and heating walls therefor arranged side-by-side in a substantially hori-' zontal row, each of said heating walls comprising vertical combustion fiues and each of said coking chambers extending above the levels of the tops of said vertical combustion fines in the heating walls contiguous thereto, combined with horizontal fines located substantially above the levels of the tops of the coking chambers and also above the levels of the tops of said vertical combustion fines and each of said horizontal fines being communicably connected with a plurality of the combustion fines of one of said heating walls, for passage of combustion products to and from said combustion fines in alternation, by ducts which lie above the levels of the tops of said combustion fines and below the levels of the bottoms of said horizontal fines and communicate with the combustion fines at the tops thereof and with the horizontal fines at the bottoms thereof; said ducts being both vertically elongated and of substantially uniform horizontal cross-sectional area from the levels of the tops of the coking chambers adjoining said heating walls'down are substantially thicker than the portions,

of the combustion fine walls facing the coking chambers at the tops of the combustion ues.

J OS. BECKER.

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