US1764050A - Superheater boiler - Google Patents

Description

J. J. NELIS June 17, 1930.

SUPERHEATER BOILER 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed April 26, 1,926

INVENTOR JOSEP/lJ/f/EL A5 Y B 8 .MM

ATTORNEY June'17, 1930. J, J NELIS 1,764,050

' SUPERHEATER BOILER Filed April 26, 1.92.6 2-Sheets-Sheer 2 I u /y INVENTOR faaf/ /e JA/fz/s ATTORNEY Patent ed June 17, 1 930 UNITED S ATES PATENT omen :rosnrn JOHN NELIS, or BROOKLYN, NEWYOBK, nssreivon 'ro IdSTER' WHEELER con-- PORA'JJION, or NEW Yonx, N. -Y,.,

A. CORPORATION OF NEW YORK surnnnnn'rna BOILER Application filed ....126, 1926. Serial no. 104,588. 1

The general object of my present invention is to provide an improved superheater boiler. v More specifically the object of my invention is to combine a radiant heat superheater with the combustion chamber of a boiler furnace in a novel manner whereby I obtain important practical advantages not obtainable with prior combinations. My invention is primarily characterized by the location of the superheater atrthe bottom of the combustion chamber of the boilerfurnace, and in its preferred .-for'm the superheater elements form a sectional metallic floor for the combustion chamber.

The various features of novelty which characterize my invention are pointer out described 1 ventlon.

with particularity in the claimsannexed to and forming a part. of this specification. Fora better understanding of the invention, however, its advantages and specific objects attained with its use, reference should be had to the accompanying drawings and descriptive matter in which I have illustrated and preferred embodiments of my inof Flg. 1; and

Fig. 3 is a partial section on'the line3-3 of Fig. 1;

In the drawings I have illustrated the use of my invention in a superheater boiler A, having a combustion chamber B, from which the heating gases pass upward into the intertube space of a bank of so-called horizontal tubesG. The'latter are connected between a lower front header D and an upper rearheader D. Above the front header D, and connected to the latter is a steam and water drum E which is also connected to the header D by circulator tubes C. Suitable baflles F prolong the path of flow of the heating gases through the inter-tube space from the combustion chamber B to theheating gas outlet A of the boiler. In the particular construc-- tion illustrated the outlet A opens into an economizer G mountedon the top of. the

I than the t to be heated by the combustion of fuel burned in suspension in the chamber B, and injected into the latter through one or more burner inlets .A in a' vertical wall of the chamber-by a suitable fuel injector or burner H associated with each inlet A As indicatedin the drawing, the burner H is an oil burner. K

In so far as already described, the boiler shown contains nothing peculiar to the present invention, but on the contrary is a marine boiler of well knownv type. While the present invention may advantageously be employed in boilers'of very difierent type from that illustrated, the invention, for reasons hereinafter set forth, is of especial utility in 4 the case of marine boilers, and possesses especial advantages in the case of a boiler.

heated by the combustion of fuel as oil or gas which is injected into, and is burned in susboiler. a

In accordance with the p esent invention a radiant heat superheater is incorporated in the floor of the combustio'n chamber B. This superheater is formed by horizontally disposed'tubular elements I which advantageously have thick walls of wrought steel, andare rectangular in cross section an'dare arranged alongside of one anotherso that they form a sectional metallic paving or plank-like floor for the combustion chamber. The elements I .are supported, and

held against objectionabledeformation as a iesult of thermal expansion and contraction .lrihtallic floor beams K. Each am K has a vertical webportion-straddled by a corresponding pair of lugs I welded to'the underside .of each element I, and connected to-said web portion b aclevis pin J. -As shown, the elements. extend between the sidewalls of the chamber B, and there are three beams K, one adjacent. each side wall, and one at the center of the boiler. Bodily elongation and contraction of the elements I is accommodated by spacing the lugs I of each pgi'r apart by means shown as comprising composite a" distance greater I 50 ckness of the portion of the beam 1 boiler proper. The boiler shown is designed K between them. Advantageously, each element is anchored at one point against a movement in the direction of its length.

sociated with each element, these washers filling the s ace between the corresponding K. Portions K of the beams connection shown latter,

extends through the side wall of the chamlugs I not lled by the corresponding beam 7 K support a metallic sheathing M beneath the elements Kieselguhr, an elastic refractory cement, or other heat insulating and gas leakage preventing material N, is interposed between the elements I and the sheathing M.

As shown, each elementI is connected at itsopposite ends to headers Q and B. The between each element I and the header Q comprises a nipple or thin walled tube a expanded or otherwise connected at' one-end to the correspondin end of the element, and inalignment wit the and connected at its other end which 7 ber B to a vertically disposed tube P, the

. met'alparts S rated in the side ceiving a yielding and outlet sections.

the elements I may transverse tubes P which sides of the furnace ends of the elements'I.

one end from steam pipe E,

is discharge through the other end of v the 'a transverse diaphragm or par connections being made by'means of a connecting box- P. The upper ends of the tubes P are expanded or otherwise secured into the header, Q. Each element I maybe to the header I are directly the chamber scribed, the elements I are preferably anchored, as shown, to the beam K nearest to the header B, so that the bulk-of .the bodily longitudinal expansion and, contraction of are sufiiciently flexible for the purpose. The sidewalls of the chamber B maybe formed of masonry or any other suitable material for the most part, but at the level of-the superheater cast are advantageously incorpoloosely receiving the tubes 1I,1 and also re- The material T may be simi- N, .The material T' is T, and at the inner walls the material is held in place by-the ends of the elements I,

and as-shown, refractory materialU covering the nel's by cover plates the header Q receives steam at the header E through the and the superheated steam As shown,

header Q, tition Q dividing the header Q into inlet With this arrangement, the steam comin to the header Q. asses to the header R t rough the elements I conbe accommodated by the 1 walls to provide channels' 'inates the tendency to injurious heat insulating and gas experienced with leakage-preventing material T packed about f the tubes i.

.l'ar-to the material held in place at the outer ends of the chanheating the tion chamber provides ample steam which the elements I are arranged to" 7 form. When a header partition 'Q is used,

the adjacent elements I may well be spaced apart and firebricks W, or the like, placed between the spaced apart elements. It 'is not essential that the superheater should form the entire floor of the combustion chamber, not extendvclear to the front of the combustion chamber B, and the front wall of v the latter is thickened to provide the corresponding portion of the combustion chamber floor. X represents drain connections to the superheater headers Q and R. V

A superheater constructed and located as described possesses the characteristic advantages of any ordinary-furnace wall superheater in that-it is an eflicient superheater and as shown, the superheater does.

and tends efiectively to prevent combustion chamber wall overheating since all the vertical walls of the combustion chamber radiate heat to, and are cooled by the su erheater.

- ith the superheater located in, or forming all or a large portion of the floor of the combustion chamber, advantages not obtained with .a furnace wall superheater linin combustion cham er. For one thing the thermal expansion and contraction of the superheater floor elements need notsubject I secure certainspec'ial.

a vertical wall of the the weight-carrying side walls of the combustion chamber to any deforming or dis turbing tendency. Furthermore, the loca tion of the superheater relative to the points of fuel introduction, and the natural tend: ency of the hotter gases to rise, largely elimflame im= pingement frequently radiantsuperheater-s located at the sides of combustion chambers in which jets of oil, gas or powdered coal are burned. 'The floor location of the superheater is of especial utility in a marine boiler because it eliminates all possibility of the boiler overcated, and because ittends to a low center of gravity for the boiler as a whole, and because the floor of a marine boiler combusspace, not always available in other walls, forthe radiant heat superheater.

In a boilerfurnace, the roof or side walls of which are composed of water tubes or other cooling devices, these cooling devices absorb heat by radiation, conduction and/or -convection. The flame is interposed bedeck 'on which the boiler is 10- tween the furnace floor and the water tubes and wall cooling devices, and in consequence the floor absorbs radiant heat at a rate tending to its rapid destruction, and the external heat radiation from the furnace floor is excessive. The application of a super-- heater in the floor of a boiler not only prevents this excessive heating ofthe floor,

but'allows the radiant heat of the gasesto be absorbed both from the bottom as Well as from the top and sides, which makes for high efliciency of the combined unit, and for a reduction in furnace temperature which eliminates some of the trouble experienced from slag choking up the lower boiler tubes. It also eliminates the heavy expense of furnace floors built of fire brick or other refractory materials. I

\While in accordance with the provisions of the statutes,I have illustrated and .described the best form of embodiment of -my invention now known to me, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the form of the apparatus disclosed without departing from the spirit of my invention as set forth in theappended claims and that in some cases certain features of my invention may be used to advantage without a corresponding use of other features.

Having now described my invention what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is 1. The combination with a boiler furnace comprising a combustion chamber, of means for burning fuel in suspension in said chamber comprising a burner inlet in a vertical wall'of said chamber, and a radiant heat superheater comprising horizontally disposed elements extending across said chamber at the bottom of the latter adjacent said vertical wall and adapted to absorb radiant heat at their upper sides from saidchamber.

2. The combination with a boiler furnace comprising a combustion chamber, of means for burning fuel in suspension in said chamber comprising a burner inlet in a vertical wall of said chamber, and a radiant heat superheater comprising horizontally .disposed elements extending across said chamber at the bottom of the latter adjacent said vertical wall and having flattened upper sides which unite to form a continuous metallic floor for said combustion chamber adapted to absorb radiant heat from the latter.

3. A boiler having a low center of gravity and limited headroom comprising a combustion chamber having front and rear vertical walls and a horizontal floor, a header mounted onthe upper part of each of said walls, an inclined bank of tubes connecting said headers, means for burning fuel in susnsion in said combustion chamber includmg a burner inlet in the lower art of said front wall adjacent said floor an a series of wall ofsaid chamber adjacent horizontal side by side superheater elements arranged in the floor. of said combustion chamber and adapted to absorb radiant heat at their upper sides from said chamber.

, 4. A marine boiler comprising a combustion chamber having front and rear vertical walls, a header mounted on each of said walls, a bank of tubes connecting said headers, means for burning fuel in suspension in said combustion chamber including a burner inlet in the lower part of said front wall and a series of horizontal side by side superheater elements arranged in the floor of said combustion chamber and adapted to absorb radiant heat from said chamber.

5. In'the combustion chamber of a marine boiler adapted for use in shallow draft vessels, the combination with means for burning fuel in suspension in said chamber comprising a fuel burner located'in a vertical wall of said chamber, adjacent the lower end thereof, of a horizontal floor for said chamber adjacent said fuel burner comprising a plurality of horizontal thick walled superheater elements arranged side by side,'said elements having flattened upper sides uniting to form a continuous metallic floor surface exposed to the radiant heat of said chamber, supporting means extending transversely of and connected to said superheater elements, a metallic sheathing extending below said elements, and heat insulating material between said elements and sheathing.

6. In the combustion chamber of a marine boiler adapted for use in shallow draft vessels, the'combination with means for burning fuel in suspension in said chamber comprising a fuel burner located in a vertical the lower end thereof, of a horizontal floor for said chamber adjacent said fuel-burner comprising a plurality of horizontal thick walled superheater elementsarranged side by'side and having flattened upper sides uniting to form a continuous metallic floor surface exposed to the radiant heat of said chamber and heat insulating material covering the lower sides of said elements, steam headers located externally of said chamber, horizontal channels in the walls of said chamber adjacent the ends of said elements, conduits extending through said channels and connecting the ends of said elements to said headers, and yieldable heat insulating material positioned in said channels and surinlet and outlet-

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